Submitted by ADRIANO MARTINS JUNQUEIRA null (adriano@geopx.com.br) on 2017-03-11T20:17:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado - Adriano Martins Junqueira - 2017.pdf: 8109678 bytes, checksum: d1e6cf6e83e8eac0c87d3eb5b494f810 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-03-16T20:19:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 junqueira_am_me_guara.pdf: 8109678 bytes, checksum: d1e6cf6e83e8eac0c87d3eb5b494f810 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-16T20:19:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 junqueira_am_me_guara.pdf: 8109678 bytes, checksum: d1e6cf6e83e8eac0c87d3eb5b494f810 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-18 / A maioria dos empreendimentos do setor elétrico brasileiro não apresentam uma avaliação sistemática espaço-temporal de suas estruturas para identificar vulnerabilidades ambientais nos empreendimentos. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a susceptibilidade de movimento de massa em linhas de transmissão, na região da Serra da Mantiqueira, sujeitas aos efeitos de chuvas tropicais e operacionalizar uma plataforma dinâmica de análise e alerta nas áreas de maior criticidade. Para este trabalho, foram levantados dados estáticos e dinâmicos na região a partir de fontes de acesso público e privado. A seguir, foram definidos os múltiplos critérios através do processo de análise hierárquica (AHP). Utilizando Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) e álgebra de mapas, foi possível determinar o mapa de susceptibilidade em cinco classes e operacionalizar a plataforma de monitoramento, análise e alerta a riscos ambientais baseando-se nas áreas identificadas e nos dados dinâmicos meteorológicos e hidrológicos. Como resultado, foi gerado um banco de dados geográfico com abrangência regional (14.000 km²), que envolveu 7 critérios: declividade, distância das linhas de transmissão, densidade de drenagem, uso do solo, tipo do solo, densidade de fraturas e falhas, e precipitação. A distribuição das classes de susceptibilidade encontradas na região de estudo foram: muito baixa (1,5%), baixa (12%), média (34,9%), alta (45,3%) e muito alta (6,2%). Foi possível ainda, identificar diferentes movimentos de massa em áreas próximas à linhas de transmissão, quanto próximas aos outros elementos de risco, como moradias, estradas, bordas de reservatórios e torres de telecomunicações. A plataforma de monitoramento operacionalizada possibilitou o estabelecimento de análises dinâmicas sobre a ocorrência de eventos naturais extremos, através do envio de notificações e acesso WEB com o mapa das áreas afetadas. Assim, este estudo pode se tornar um instrumento de avaliação, acompanhamento e gerenciamento para a gestão pública e agências reguladoras do setor elétrico. / Most of the Brazilian electric sector enterprises do not present a systematic space-time evaluation of their structures to identify environmental vulnerabilities in the projects. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the susceptibility of mass movement in transmission lines, in the Serra da Mantiqueira region, subject to the effects of tropical rains and to operationalize a dynamic platform of analysis and alertness in the most critical areas. For this work, static and dynamic data were collected in the region from public and private sources. Next, the multiple criteria were defined through the hierarchical analysis process (AHP). Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and map algebra, it was possible to determine the susceptibility map in five classes and to operationalize the monitoring platform for monitoring, analysis and alert to environmental risks based on identified areas and dynamic meteorological and hydrological data. As a result, a geographic database with a regional coverage (14.000 km²) was generated, involving 7 criteria: slope, distance of transmission lines, drainage density, soil use, soil type, fracture and failure density, and precipitation. The distribution of susceptibility classes found in the study region were very low (1.5%), low (12%), average (34.9%), high (45.3%) and very high (6, 2%). It was also possible to identify different mass movements in areas close to the transmission lines, as well as to other risk elements such as dwellings, roads, reservoir borders and telecommunications towers. The operationalized monitoring platform allowed the establishment of dynamic analyzes on the occurrence of extreme natural events, by sending notifications and WEB access with the map of the affected areas. Thus, this study can become an instrument of evaluation, monitoring and management for the public management and regulatory agencies of the electric sector.

<p>I takt med Försvarsmaktens ökade engagemang internationellt och det faktum att alla insatsförband inom Försvarsmakten ska kunna verka på alla konfliktnivåer och i en urban miljö kommer nya krav och behov på bekämpningsförmågan att uppstå avseende precisionsbekämpning.</p><p>Med hjälp av ett GIS kopplat till EOI:et vid en insats i en urban miljö kan en rad vinster erhållas för att stödja artilleriet vad avser precisionsbekämpning.<em> </em>Exempel på sådana områden är: målverifiering, justering av målkoordinater, lägesuppfattning avseende målets närmiljö, redovisning och presentation av verkansområde inför en insats för dimensionering av verkan.</p> / <p>The Swedish Armed Forces’ increasing engagement in international conflicts and the fact that all units in the Armed Forces should be able to participate and solve tasks in urban environments and in all levels of conflict will put new demands on and needs for the combat ability regard to the precision fire.</p><p>This paper will discuss the use of geographic information system (GIS) together with the forward observation instrument (EOI) and how it can support the artillery concerning precision fire in an urban environment.</p> / ChpT 08-10

In 2002, Colombia had the highest homicide rate of any Latin American country(Berkman, 2007). The origins of this violence, however, are complex and difficult to identify. It would be sensible to argue that it cannot be explained by any one particular factor, but rather an assortment of many factors that wholly represent the social, economic, and political conditions of Colombia. By better understanding the origins of Colombian violence, policy makers can more effectively address and alleviate this prolonged issue. This study examines the geographic nature of municipal homicide rates for Colombia in 2005. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are any discernible patterns in the geographic distribution of homicide rates across Colombia at the municipal level. It also aims to determine what combination of statistically significant predictors, if any, generates acceptable regression models for predicting the distribution of homicide rates. Spatial autocorrelation methods, particularly Global and Local Moran’s I statistics, were used to identify the clusters of high-value homicide rates. Regression models, specifically OLS and GWR, were utilized to examine the relationships between homicide rates and an assortment of geographic factors, including Coca Cultivation Density, Presidential Election Participation Rate, Displaced Persons Rate, Standard of Living Index, Terrain Ruggedness Index, FARC Armed Actions Rate, andPublic Force Armed Actions Rate. The results of this study indicate that clusters of high-value homicide rates were indeed located in the northern, southern, western, and central regions of Colombia. Among the aforementioned geographic factors, Coca Cultivation Density, Displaced Persons Rate, Standard of Living Index, Terrain Ruggedness Index, FARC Armed Actions Rate, and Public Force Armed Actions Rate all exhibited positive correlations. The variable exhibiting a negative correlation was the Presidential Election Participation Rate.

This thesis attempts to show the contribution of Geographic Information System to urban planning process in Turkey. GIS can enhance the planning system by providing an access to accurate, reliable and update geographical information, producing alternatives according to the scenario and ensuring participation in the evaluation of the alternatives. This is the high level contribution of GIS for the enhancement of planning. The contribution can occur / if certain conditions are sustained such as establishment of geographical data provision system among public institutions. Obviously, these are connected with available technical and social infrastructure. Although, there is not a digital infrastructure system among the public institutions, several general directorates have started to provide some geographical information in their works. These efforts should be increased in quality and quantity. From the planning point of view, we argue that these are not even at satisfying level to work with the GIS in the plan-making processes. To prove our argument, the use of GIS and technology in the Bank of Provinces and private planning offices are inquired. The results of the thesis study show that the Bank of Provinces is in the transition period for the use of GIS. Private planning offices are in the initial stage and some of them seem unable to adopt themselves if the plan-making process becomes digital, because of the extra costs for them. Therefore, geographical data provision policies among public planning institutions will determine the future development of GIS in the planning process.

I takt med Försvarsmaktens ökade engagemang internationellt och det faktum att alla insatsförband inom Försvarsmakten ska kunna verka på alla konfliktnivåer och i en urban miljö kommer nya krav och behov på bekämpningsförmågan att uppstå avseende precisionsbekämpning. Med hjälp av ett GIS kopplat till EOI:et vid en insats i en urban miljö kan en rad vinster erhållas för att stödja artilleriet vad avser precisionsbekämpning. Exempel på sådana områden är: målverifiering, justering av målkoordinater, lägesuppfattning avseende målets närmiljö, redovisning och presentation av verkansområde inför en insats för dimensionering av verkan. / The Swedish Armed Forces’ increasing engagement in international conflicts and the fact that all units in the Armed Forces should be able to participate and solve tasks in urban environments and in all levels of conflict will put new demands on and needs for the combat ability regard to the precision fire. This paper will discuss the use of geographic information system (GIS) together with the forward observation instrument (EOI) and how it can support the artillery concerning precision fire in an urban environment. / ChpT 08-10

Turkey has very different geomorphologic, hydrologic and climatic conditions, so the runoff coefficient should be different from one basin to another. But only one constant value, which is 0.37, is being used for all the basins in Turkey. In this thesis, monthly, seasonal and annual runoff coefficients of 48 sub-basins in western and southern part of Anatolia are determined by using synchronous and average rainfall, runoff data of 26 year record period. Their temporal and spatial distributions are investigated. The relationship between the basin parameters and the runoff coefficient are also examined. Some of the basins have unrealistic large runoff coefficients, therefore excluded from the analyses. The basin boundaries and parameters are determined by using Geograhic Information System (GIS), and areal average precipitations are found by a program written in visual basic language that uses ArcObjects. The Box-Cox transformed data are used in regression analysis. There are a number of dams in the region, which affect the natural flow. Such streams are found and their sub-basins are not used in the analyses. The results revealed that there is not a strong the relationship between the basin parameters and annual and seasonal runoff coefficients for the whole region, but there are significant relations between them for some basins.

Mine safety is of paramount concern to the mining industry. The generation of a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) which can administrate relevant spatial data and metadata of underground mining safety efficiently is a very vital issue in this sense. In an effort to achieve a balance of safety and productivity, GIS can contribute to the creation of a safe working environment in underground (U/G) mining. Such a system should serve to a continuous risk analysis and be designed for applications in case of emergency. Concept for safety should require three fundamental components, namely (i) constructive safety / (ii) surveillance and maintenance / and (iii) emergency. The implementation has to be carried out in a Web-Based Geographic Information System. The process comprises first the safety concept as the application domain model and then a conceptual model was generated in terms of Entity- Relationship Diagrams. After the implementation of the logical model a user interface was developed and GIS was tested. Finally, one should deal with the question if it is possible to extend the method of resolution used to a national GIS infrastructure.

Το Αλιβέρι είναι μια κωμόπολη της Εύβοιας. Βρίσκεται λίγα χιλιόμετρα νοτιοανατολικά της Χαλκίδας και βρέχεται από τα νερά του Ευβοϊκού Kόλπου. Είναι μια περιοχή περιβαλλοντικού ενδιαφέροντος εφόσον λειτουργούν στην παράκτια περιοχή θερμικός σταθμός ηλεκτροπαραγωγής της Δ.Ε.Η. και μια τσιμεντοβιομηχανία (Α.Γ.Ε.Τ.), από τις οποίες είτε αποτίθεται τέφρα κοντά στη θάλασσα είτε διαφεύγουν αέριοι ρύποι από τις καμινάδες. Στόχος της εργασίας είναι να γίνει ψηφιοποίηση τοπογραφικών και γεωγραφικών χαρτών κλίμακας 1:50.000 και να αποτυπωθούν δεδομένα από μετρήσεις που έγιναν σε δείγματα που έχουν ήδη ληφθεί από το θαλάσσιο περιβάλλον. Οι μετρήσεις αυτές αφορούν ρύπανση από μέταλλα. / Aliveri is a town on the island of Evoia, located a few kilometers southwest of Chalkida and watered by Evoian Gulf. It is an area of high environmental importance because of the operation at its coastal area of a thermal power plant operated by the Public Power Corporation (PPC) S.A and the cement manufacturing industry (AGET), from which either ash is stockpiled near the sea coast, or air pollutants are emitted from the chimneys. The aim of the study is to digitize the topographic maps (scale 1:50.000) and to depict data from measurements carried out on samples already taken from the marine environment. These measurements are related to metal pollution. The results include a database where we can build further studies and tracking trends in terms of the outfall and the dispersion of pollutants in the marine environment and attempts to determine the source of the metal pollution through geographical maps.

This present work had as objective to spatially analyze the evolution of the covering and usage of the land through the usage of geoprocessing techniques in the district of Santa Flora, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), in the period of 2000 and 2006. Specifically it was sought to identify, to quantify and to analyze the representative information of the landscape, relating them to the social economical and environmental aspects of the district. In this way, it was used for the accomplishment of the study, Santa Maria's municipal map (1993), the image of the satellite LANDSAT 7 ETM+ (2000) and the image of the satellite CBERS 2 (2006), both of the same time period, implemented by the geoprocessing system SPRING. This system allowed the accomplishment of the classification of the images and in the elaboration of the cartographic elements (cartographic base, hipsometric map, clinographic map and map of the earth usage), associated in parallel to the conference in the field. The classification type was supervised and the images were classified pixel by pixel, and the classifier used was the MAXVER. The thematic classes used for use of land were: forest, farming, field, exposed soil and water. After the stage of image classification, the crossing of the thematic maps was done. With the aid of the LEGAL programming, it was determined the forest evolution, the evolution of the farming field with the following classes: increase, maintenance, decrease, and the areas of permanent preservation in agreement with the current legislation. Among the key findings are referred to the increase area of farming class in 11.008,00 ha between the periods from 2000 to 2006, increasing by more than 100%. Consequently, there was a decline in forest area (6.825,32 ha) in the field (21.291,32 ha) in the period of 2006, due to the expansion of the primary sector, in this case farming. The results enabled know, track and explore the coverage and use of the land through the techniques of geoprocessing, providing subsidies for the different areas. It should be noted that in this study, the agricultural activities are responsible for the changes in coverage and use of the land assigned to socioeconomic policy of the primary sector. / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar espacialmente a evolução da cobertura e uso da terra por meio do uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento no distrito de Santa Flora, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), no período de 2000 a 2006. Especificamente buscou se identificar, quantificar e analisar as informações representativas da paisagem, relacionando-as aos aspectos socioeconômicos e ambientais do distrito. Desta forma, utilizou-se para a realização deste estudo, o mapa municipal de Santa Maria (1993), a imagem do satélite LANDSAT 7 ETM+ (2000) e a imagem do satélite CBERS 2 (2006), ambos de mesma época, implementados no sistema de geoprocessamento SPRING. Este sistema permitiu a realização da classificação das imagens e na elaboração dos elementos cartográficos (base cartográfica, mapa hipsométrico, mapa clinográfico e mapa de uso da terra), associadas, paralelamente, à conferência no campo. O tipo de classificação foi supervisionada e as imagens foram classificadas pixel a pixel, sendo que o classificador utilizado foi o MAXVER. As classes temáticas utilizadas para uso da terra foram: floresta, lavoura, campo, solo exposto e água. Após a etapa de classificação das imagens, realizou-se o cruzamento dos mapas temáticos. Com o auxílio da programação LEGAL, determinou-se a evolução florestal, a evolução da lavoura com as seguintes classes: aumento, manutenção, diminuição, e as áreas de preservação permanente de acordo com a legislação vigente. Entre os principais resultados destaca-se o aumento da área classe lavoura em 11.008,00 ha entre os períodos de 2000 a 2006, ou seja, acréscimo em mais de 100%. Conseqüentemente, houve a diminuição da área florestal( 6.825,32 ha) e a de campo (21.291,32 ha) no período de 2006, em decorrência da expansão do setor primário, neste caso lavoura. Os resultados obtidos permitiram conhecer, monitorar e explorar a cobertura e uso da terra por meio das técnicas de geoprocessamento, fornecendo subsídios para as diferentes áreas. Salienta-se que neste estudo, as atividades agrícolas são responsáveis pelas mudanças na cobertura e uso da terra atreladas a política socioeconômica do setor primário.

A exploração excessiva dos recursos naturais e o uso desordenado do espaço buscando uma rentabilidade máxima dos sistemas, originou uma intensa preocupação com as implicações ambientais resultantes da falta de gestão do espaço natural. Para o estudo dos processos de degradação ambiental é necessário analisar os elementos do meio físico e antrópico que participam desse processo, onde a espacialização das informações requer a utilização de sistemas e modelos nos quais seja possível integrar os dados. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar e espacializar os graus de suscetibilidade à erosão na Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Camaquã com base em geotecnologias, em especial o sensoriamento remoto e o Sistema de Informações Geográficas. Foram avaliados os aspectos físicos e antrópicos da bacia hidrográfica de acordo com o grau de suscetibilidade à erosão. Os resultados da suscetibilidade à erosão da Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Camaquã tenderam à “estabilidade/ suscetibilidade mediana” com 3.111,5 km² (60,7%) e menor representação das classes “Estável” com 138,4 km² (2,7%), Moderadamente Estável” com 1358,4 km² (26,5%), “Moderadamente Suscetível” com 389,5 km² (7,6%) e “Suscetível” com 128,2 km² (2,5%), contudo, a avaliação dos parâmetros físicos e antrópicos analisados separadamente resultaram em duas regiões distintas. (1) Na região oeste os aspectos físicos tendem à estabilidade e os aspectos antrópicos à suscetibilidade, caracterizados pela mecanização agrícola sobre relevo plano à suave ondulado. (2) Na região leste, o meio físico tende à suscetibilidade e o uso da terra à estabilidade, cujo relevo apresenta, em grande parte, alta declividade e presença de morros com afloramento rochoso, condições inaptas às atividades agrícolas intensivas. / The excessive exploration of natural resources and the uncontrolled use of the territory, seeking a maximum profitability of the systems, has caused an intense concern about the environmental implications arising from lack of management of the natural areas. The environmental degradation processes are analyzed by the physical environment elements and the land covers and land uses included in the process, when data are integrated by geographical information systems and spatial models. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility to erosion in the watershed of the Upper Camaquã river based on geotechnology, with emphasis in remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems. We evaluated the physical and anthropic aspects of the watershed according to the degree of susceptibility to erosion The Upper Camaquã watershed showed "stability/median susceptibility" with 3.111,5 square kilometers (60,7%) and lower representation of classes "Stable" with 138.4 km² ( 2.7%) “Moderately Stable " with 1358.4 square kilometers (26.5%) , " Moderately Susceptible" with 389.5 km² (7.6%) and "Susceptible" with 128.2 square kilometers (2.5%), however, two regions occurred when the physical and anthropogenic components were considered separately: (1) The western region with stable physical aspects, susceptible anthropogenic aspects and agricultural mechanization on flat to gently rolling terrains; (2) the eastern region with susceptible physical environment, stable land use, where terrain has largely, steep slopes and hilly terrains with rocky outcrop, unfit conditions to intensive agricultural activities.