This study on the relations between tourism policies and the tourism development conditions in the Eastern Cape of South Africa is a contribution to the on-going research projects on the transformation that has taken place in the post-1994 development process of South Africa. One theme associated with these studies relates to the important roles that have been played by public bodies in influencing the nature of the transformation in the development of South Africa. The study is based on the expectation that the current policies can open up more investments and other opportunities in the tourism sector to the benefit of the provincial economy. To find out the concrete nature of the changes associated with the current tourism development policies, data collection was organized from six groups of stakeholders in the tourism sector of the 39 local municipalities of the Eastern Cape Province. The use of factor analysis led to the identification of five hierarchies or clusters indicating the levels of inequalities in the tourism development of the province. To obtain an understanding of the processes behind the observed inequalities, the stakeholders were given the opportunity to disclose their concrete activities as they related to the policies. The findings indicate that generally, much has changed since 1994, as a result of the levelling of the playing field in the tourism sector for both the producers and consumers in the industry. It is recommended, however, that measured in terms of the maximum benefits that could be derived from the provincial tourism sector, the government officials associated with the tourism sector in particular need to provide more effective leadership in the implementation of the current tourism development policies. The thrust of the study is that the tourism policies in the Eastern vii Cape can only generate the maximum positive benefits if, inter alia, all the stakeholders in the tourism industry are empowered to produce at their maximum. / Geography / (D. Litt et Phil. (Geography))

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, June, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

This study on the relations between tourism policies and the tourism development conditions in the Eastern Cape of South Africa is a contribution to the on-going research projects on the transformation that has taken place in the post-1994 development process of South Africa. One theme associated with these studies relates to the important roles that have been played by public bodies in influencing the nature of the transformation in the development of South Africa. The study is based on the expectation that the current policies can open up more investments and other opportunities in the tourism sector to the benefit of the provincial economy. To find out the concrete nature of the changes associated with the current tourism development policies, data collection was organized from six groups of stakeholders in the tourism sector of the 39 local municipalities of the Eastern Cape Province. The use of factor analysis led to the identification of five hierarchies or clusters indicating the levels of inequalities in the tourism development of the province. To obtain an understanding of the processes behind the observed inequalities, the stakeholders were given the opportunity to disclose their concrete activities as they related to the policies. The findings indicate that generally, much has changed since 1994, as a result of the levelling of the playing field in the tourism sector for both the producers and consumers in the industry. It is recommended, however, that measured in terms of the maximum benefits that could be derived from the provincial tourism sector, the government officials associated with the tourism sector in particular need to provide more effective leadership in the implementation of the current tourism development policies. The thrust of the study is that the tourism policies in the Eastern vii Cape can only generate the maximum positive benefits if, inter alia, all the stakeholders in the tourism industry are empowered to produce at their maximum. / Geography / (D. Litt et Phil. (Geography))

The diploma work deals with importace and distribution of geography of tourism in the educational programmes. After the preliminary theoretical chapters my own research follows. The results of questionnaire investigation are made into graphs and tables that are components of the supplement. In the final part there is a summary of the learned facts and set purposes connected with possibilities of their application in practices. I evaluated the position of geography of tourism in the educational programmes in different types of school and the relation of geography of tourism to other subjects.

Este estudo investigou a relação do Turismo com o Ensino de Geografia, procurando compreender, provisoriamente, a construção do espaço turístico. A pesquisa surgiu de inquietações geradas pela prática do Turismo ao questionarmos a interação dos turistas com o local visitado, visando refletir como o Ensino de Geografia pode auxiliar para qualificar a viagem, o espaço e os sujeitos envolvidos. Com o método do Paradigma da Complexidade, investigamos as dinâmicas do espaço estudado, ambientado no município litorâneo de Garopaba/SC. A metodologia utilizada foi composta de Pesquisa Qualitativa, em que analisamos fontes documentais referentes à mídia turística e à constituição do espaço local, e fontes orais, sobretudo a partir de narrativas e de observações de campo que revelaram as leituras da paisagem pelos sujeitos entrevistados e as possibilidades para os turistas se lugarizarem. A fundamentação teórica foi sustentada pelos conceitos da Geografia Cultural, do saber-fazer do Turismo, do Ensino de Geografia e da Teoria das Representações Sociais, bem como de paisagem e de lugar. Acreditamos, nesse momento, que se o (s) turista (s) e o (s) sujeito (s) local (is) lerem a paisagem de forma complexa, indo além de suas racionalidades, estes podem se lugarizar e, se lugarizando, podem ter atitudes responsáveis, fomentando a troca de saberes e fazeres em uma experiência enriquecedora, tanto para quem recebe quanto para quem chega. Compreendemos o Turismo como um potencializador de encontros, através do qual, ao nos situarmos na paisagem com representações espaciais articuladas, podemos descobrir novas dimensões do espaço e de nós mesmos, assim como nos conhecemos ao conhecer o outro. É nesse contexto que situamos a importância do Ensino de Geografia, por proporcionar a contestação no sentido de uma transgressão das formas já agendadas, possibilitando lermos o mundo com reflexão, criatividade e autonomia, fomentando a (auto) descoberta, as compreensões mútuas e a valorização das identidades que se encontram. / This study aimed at investigating the relationship between Tourism and the Teaching of Geography, trying to temporarily comprehend the construction of the touristic space. The research came up from questionings upon the practice of Tourism, specifically, when observed the interaction between tourists and visited places. It pondered the question of how the Teaching of Geography can help qualifying the trip, the space and the subjects involved in it. The study was held under the light of the Paradigm of Complexity method and it took place in Garopaba, Santa Catarina. The methodology used was the Qualitative Data Analysis through which we have examined documents about tourism media and the constitution of local space - as well as oral sources, especially storytelling and field observation that revealed the readings of landscape by the investigated subjects and the possibility for the tourists to place themselves. The theoretical framework was based on the concepts of Cultural Geography, Tourism know-how, the Teaching of Geography and the theory of social representations. It also relied on the concepts of landscape and place. At this moment in time, we believe that if tourist(s) and the local subject(s) are able to read the landscape in a complex way, i.e. going beyond their rationalities, they can place their selves and, in doing so, they can have responsible attitudes, fomenting knowledge and cultural exchange in a way that the experience turns out to be rich for both sides: the ones who receive and the ones who arrive. We understand Tourism as an empowering tool for meetings that, when situated in landscape with special articulated representations, we discover new dimensions of the space and of ourselves as well as we get to know ourselves by knowing the others. In this context that lies the importance of the Teaching of Geography, for it allows the questioning of the pre-established forms, enabling us to read the world critically, creatively and with autonomy, encouraging (self)discovery, mutual comprehension and valuing the identities that meet.

Este estudo investigou a relação do Turismo com o Ensino de Geografia, procurando compreender, provisoriamente, a construção do espaço turístico. A pesquisa surgiu de inquietações geradas pela prática do Turismo ao questionarmos a interação dos turistas com o local visitado, visando refletir como o Ensino de Geografia pode auxiliar para qualificar a viagem, o espaço e os sujeitos envolvidos. Com o método do Paradigma da Complexidade, investigamos as dinâmicas do espaço estudado, ambientado no município litorâneo de Garopaba/SC. A metodologia utilizada foi composta de Pesquisa Qualitativa, em que analisamos fontes documentais referentes à mídia turística e à constituição do espaço local, e fontes orais, sobretudo a partir de narrativas e de observações de campo que revelaram as leituras da paisagem pelos sujeitos entrevistados e as possibilidades para os turistas se lugarizarem. A fundamentação teórica foi sustentada pelos conceitos da Geografia Cultural, do saber-fazer do Turismo, do Ensino de Geografia e da Teoria das Representações Sociais, bem como de paisagem e de lugar. Acreditamos, nesse momento, que se o (s) turista (s) e o (s) sujeito (s) local (is) lerem a paisagem de forma complexa, indo além de suas racionalidades, estes podem se lugarizar e, se lugarizando, podem ter atitudes responsáveis, fomentando a troca de saberes e fazeres em uma experiência enriquecedora, tanto para quem recebe quanto para quem chega. Compreendemos o Turismo como um potencializador de encontros, através do qual, ao nos situarmos na paisagem com representações espaciais articuladas, podemos descobrir novas dimensões do espaço e de nós mesmos, assim como nos conhecemos ao conhecer o outro. É nesse contexto que situamos a importância do Ensino de Geografia, por proporcionar a contestação no sentido de uma transgressão das formas já agendadas, possibilitando lermos o mundo com reflexão, criatividade e autonomia, fomentando a (auto) descoberta, as compreensões mútuas e a valorização das identidades que se encontram. / This study aimed at investigating the relationship between Tourism and the Teaching of Geography, trying to temporarily comprehend the construction of the touristic space. The research came up from questionings upon the practice of Tourism, specifically, when observed the interaction between tourists and visited places. It pondered the question of how the Teaching of Geography can help qualifying the trip, the space and the subjects involved in it. The study was held under the light of the Paradigm of Complexity method and it took place in Garopaba, Santa Catarina. The methodology used was the Qualitative Data Analysis through which we have examined documents about tourism media and the constitution of local space - as well as oral sources, especially storytelling and field observation that revealed the readings of landscape by the investigated subjects and the possibility for the tourists to place themselves. The theoretical framework was based on the concepts of Cultural Geography, Tourism know-how, the Teaching of Geography and the theory of social representations. It also relied on the concepts of landscape and place. At this moment in time, we believe that if tourist(s) and the local subject(s) are able to read the landscape in a complex way, i.e. going beyond their rationalities, they can place their selves and, in doing so, they can have responsible attitudes, fomenting knowledge and cultural exchange in a way that the experience turns out to be rich for both sides: the ones who receive and the ones who arrive. We understand Tourism as an empowering tool for meetings that, when situated in landscape with special articulated representations, we discover new dimensions of the space and of ourselves as well as we get to know ourselves by knowing the others. In this context that lies the importance of the Teaching of Geography, for it allows the questioning of the pre-established forms, enabling us to read the world critically, creatively and with autonomy, encouraging (self)discovery, mutual comprehension and valuing the identities that meet.

Este estudo investigou a relação do Turismo com o Ensino de Geografia, procurando compreender, provisoriamente, a construção do espaço turístico. A pesquisa surgiu de inquietações geradas pela prática do Turismo ao questionarmos a interação dos turistas com o local visitado, visando refletir como o Ensino de Geografia pode auxiliar para qualificar a viagem, o espaço e os sujeitos envolvidos. Com o método do Paradigma da Complexidade, investigamos as dinâmicas do espaço estudado, ambientado no município litorâneo de Garopaba/SC. A metodologia utilizada foi composta de Pesquisa Qualitativa, em que analisamos fontes documentais referentes à mídia turística e à constituição do espaço local, e fontes orais, sobretudo a partir de narrativas e de observações de campo que revelaram as leituras da paisagem pelos sujeitos entrevistados e as possibilidades para os turistas se lugarizarem. A fundamentação teórica foi sustentada pelos conceitos da Geografia Cultural, do saber-fazer do Turismo, do Ensino de Geografia e da Teoria das Representações Sociais, bem como de paisagem e de lugar. Acreditamos, nesse momento, que se o (s) turista (s) e o (s) sujeito (s) local (is) lerem a paisagem de forma complexa, indo além de suas racionalidades, estes podem se lugarizar e, se lugarizando, podem ter atitudes responsáveis, fomentando a troca de saberes e fazeres em uma experiência enriquecedora, tanto para quem recebe quanto para quem chega. Compreendemos o Turismo como um potencializador de encontros, através do qual, ao nos situarmos na paisagem com representações espaciais articuladas, podemos descobrir novas dimensões do espaço e de nós mesmos, assim como nos conhecemos ao conhecer o outro. É nesse contexto que situamos a importância do Ensino de Geografia, por proporcionar a contestação no sentido de uma transgressão das formas já agendadas, possibilitando lermos o mundo com reflexão, criatividade e autonomia, fomentando a (auto) descoberta, as compreensões mútuas e a valorização das identidades que se encontram. / This study aimed at investigating the relationship between Tourism and the Teaching of Geography, trying to temporarily comprehend the construction of the touristic space. The research came up from questionings upon the practice of Tourism, specifically, when observed the interaction between tourists and visited places. It pondered the question of how the Teaching of Geography can help qualifying the trip, the space and the subjects involved in it. The study was held under the light of the Paradigm of Complexity method and it took place in Garopaba, Santa Catarina. The methodology used was the Qualitative Data Analysis through which we have examined documents about tourism media and the constitution of local space - as well as oral sources, especially storytelling and field observation that revealed the readings of landscape by the investigated subjects and the possibility for the tourists to place themselves. The theoretical framework was based on the concepts of Cultural Geography, Tourism know-how, the Teaching of Geography and the theory of social representations. It also relied on the concepts of landscape and place. At this moment in time, we believe that if tourist(s) and the local subject(s) are able to read the landscape in a complex way, i.e. going beyond their rationalities, they can place their selves and, in doing so, they can have responsible attitudes, fomenting knowledge and cultural exchange in a way that the experience turns out to be rich for both sides: the ones who receive and the ones who arrive. We understand Tourism as an empowering tool for meetings that, when situated in landscape with special articulated representations, we discover new dimensions of the space and of ourselves as well as we get to know ourselves by knowing the others. In this context that lies the importance of the Teaching of Geography, for it allows the questioning of the pre-established forms, enabling us to read the world critically, creatively and with autonomy, encouraging (self)discovery, mutual comprehension and valuing the identities that meet.

Genius Loci and its Role in Tourism Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is to explain the issue of genius loci, both generally and in the context of tourism. The methodology lies in the study of available literature. The interest in this theme is an appropriate response to current trends in the focus of the geography of tourism. Other objectives were defined in order to determine the position of genius loci in geographical research and its role in tourism. The diploma thesis is theoretically framed by humanistic geography (the concept of place introduction) and by the geography of tourism (the concept of sustainable development, psychological and sociological aspects of tourism). The case study demonstrates how genius loci is screened in three different types of tourism destinations - in Deštné v Orlických horách, in Litomyšl and in Potštejn - and how is perceived by local residents. Key words: genius loci, tourism, humanistic geography, place, geography of tourism

O estudo que apresentamos traduz a busca pelo conhecimento do lugar assumido pelo turismo no contexto da ciência geográfica com o objetivo de amealhar contribuições que dêem suporte teórico-prático aos docentes envolvidos com a formação do geógrafo nos cursos de licenciatura e de bacharelado. De início, analisamos o caráter dual do turismo como prática social e atividade produtiva. Em seguida fazemos uma revisão teórica das categorias geográficas Território, Lugar e Paisagem sem perder de vista esse caráter dual na perspectiva de uma abordagem geográfica. O resultado obtido nos conduz à visão preliminar de contribuições teórico-metodológicas na área de interceção da Geografia com o Turismo. Empreendemos, num \"tour epistemológico\", a busca das raízes do interesse do geógrafo por esta temática. Recuperamos a historicidade desse conhecimento, identificando-o com a própria evolução do pensamento geográfico. Iniciamos essa viagem de estudos no período clássico, passamos pela Geografia Moderna e daí às renovações paradigmáticas dos anos 50 e 70 do século XX, com as contribuições das abordagens Pragmática, Crítica, Humanista, Cultural e Socioambiental. A análise de modelos elaborados por geógrafos internacionais, inicialmente neopositivistas e, posteriormente, voltados para a abordagem sinalizadora da pluralidade paradigmática, evidencia a preocupação epistêmica com a organização do espaço turístico. Esses estudos tematizam e colocam desafios à produção desse conhecimento, cuja discussão se apresenta indispensável ao seu avanço e aprimoramento. Tomando esse construto como referência, partimos para conhecer a produção acadêmica brasileira em dissertações e teses, num universo de 162 produções, defendidas em 22 departamentos de geografia de instituições pública e privada do país. Essa pesquisa nos revela a tendência pluriparadigmática formadora, tanto da base de sustentação teórica, como da base conceitual e temática que referencia a produção brasileira na abordagem geográfica do turismo. No sentido de verticalizar nossa contribuição à formação do geógrafo, relatamos uma experiência pedagógica na disciplina \"Geografia do Turismo\" do Departamento de Geografia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da USP, da qual participamos no ano de 2002 e analisamos programas de ensino da disciplina Geografia do Turismo, desenvolvidos no Departamento de Geografia da Universidade Federal do Paraná - Brasil, e em mais cinco países - Itália, Espanha, Costa Rica, Canadá e EUA. A avaliação de nosso experimento somada às análises curriculares que empreendemos coloca em evidência a pluralidade de focos, enfoques e bases conceituais que as abordagens geográficas do turismo ensejam / The study we hereby present, translates an investigation about the role played by tourism within the geographic sciences, aiming at gathering enough facts to provide theoretical and practical support to professors involved in the training and teaching of geographers and geography teachers. To start off, we analyze this dual role played by tourism, both as social practice and productive activity. Following that, we make a theoretical review of geographic categories such as Territory, Place and Landscape, without loosing track of this dual role in considering a geographical approach. The result attained brings us a preliminary view of the theoretical and methodological issues present where geography interfaces with tourism. We then take an \"epistemological tour\" in searching the root-causes for the interest a geographer might have for such a theme. We recover the history behind this knowledge, correlating it with the very evolution of the geographical thinking. We commence this study voyage on the Classical Period, we then move through Modern Geography, and from there, we get to the paradigmatic renovations of the 50´s and the 70´s on the XX century, with the support from Pragmatic, Critical, Humanistic, Cultural and Socio-Environmental issues. As we analyze models created by foreign geographers, initially neopositivists and, later, with an approach that hints to a paradigmatic plurarity, we notice this epistemic concern towards organizing the touristic space. These studies organize knowledge production into themes, and places hurdles along the way, in such fashion that this discussion is paramount to progress and improvement. Taking this statement as a reference point, we began to study the Brazilian academic production among thesis and dissertations, in a realm of 162 papers, presented in 22 Geography Departments of both public and private institutions in our country. This research unveils this pluriparadigmatic teaching trend, of theoretical basis as well as conceptual and thematic, which references the Brazilian academic research production within this geographical approach in tourism. In order to verticalize our contribution to the training of new geographers, we report a teaching experience in the discipline \"Geography of Tourism\", from the Department of Geography of the School of Philosophy, Languages and Human Sciences of the University of São Paulo, which we took part in the year of 2002, when we analyzed Geography and Tourism teaching programs developed at the Department of Geography of the Federal University of Parana - Brazil, and in five other countries, namely Italy, Spain, Costa Rica, Canada and the USA. The assessment of our experiment, plus the curricular analysis we did, highlights the plurality of focus, methods and conceptual basis for geographic approaches to tourism

As colônias de férias de trabalhadores são uma modalidade de hospedagem voltada para o estrato das camadas sociais de poder aquisitivo que de uma forma geral necessitam de algum subsídio para o custeio da estadia. Comumente são ligadas ao Turismo Social praticados por entidades como associações e sindicatos. No Brasil sua maior concentração geográfica se dá no estado de São Paulo, sobretudo no litoral e nas regiões serranas. A importância do trabalho justifica-se porque as colônias de férias são um meio de democratização do turismo, pois, simplesmente em sua essência barateiam os custos de hospedagem e podem agregar atividades culturais que tornam o lazer mais ativo. Como objeto de estudo da Geografia nos revela importantes debates como as preocupações com a ocupação do território podendo agregar qualidade ambiental, paisagística e geração de empregos aos municípios. Despertam também a necessidade de se pensar em políticas públicas voltadas para o incentivo desse tipo de turismo, não apenas por conta das questões territoriais, mas principalmente por envolverem atores, como as associações e os sindicatos, que são as principais entidades ligadas ao fenômeno e merecem atenção por serem os responsáveis pelos empreendimentos e pela gestão. Neste estudo de caso deparamo-nos com o fenômeno da maior concentração mundial desse meio de hospedagem no município de Praia Grande, litoral do Estado de São Paulo. Exigindo atenção dos governantes e das próprias associações e sindicatos, que por sua vez, podem otimizar com qualidade o turismo e o lazer do trabalhador e de sua família. / Employee holiday resorts are a form of lodging for those on the social scale which would generally benefit from assistance with vacation expenses. They are commonly associated with Social Tourism practiced by entities such as workers associations and unions. In Brazil, the majority of these resorts are located in Sao Paulo, mainly on the coastline and in mountainous regions. The importance of work is substantiated because the holiday resorts are a way to democratize tourism, essentially lowering the cost of lodging and possibly adding cultural activities which allow for a more purposeful leisure time. As a geographical object of study, important debates are revealed such as concern for the use of the land, the ability to aggregate environmental and scenic quality and generate jobs in the surrounding municipalities. The need to contemplate political policy encouraging this type of tourism is also brought up, not only concerning territorial issues but also concerning the involvement of workers associations and unions which are the main entities connected with this phenomenon and deserve attention for being those responsible for management and enterprising. In this study we find that the worlds highest concentration of this type of lodging is located in the Praia Grande municipality on the Sao Paulo state coastline. This phenomenon demands governmental attention, as well as the attention of the workers associations and unions themselves, because they are able optimize the quality of tourism and leisure time for workers and their families.