Helical twin screw compressors are being increasingly used in the oil and gas process industry and for refrigeration and air conditioning duties. This machine is capable of high reliability. To achieve it both thermodynamic efficiency and rotor forces must be taken into consideration at the design stage. In this study, a computer program for analysing the forces in a twin screw compressor has been developed. It takes into account all significant factors and includes a rotor profile generation program and a geometrical characteristics calculation program. The programs developed have been integrated with an existing performance simulation program and used to investigate several design aspects of a refrigeration twin screw compressor and an unusual refrigeration system design. A comprehensive examination of lobe tip designs suggests that lobe tip design parameters must be optimised if minimum power consumption is to be achieved and the use of a sealing strip gives an advantage. A para meter study for optimum rotor geometrical parameter combinations has shown that the 4+5 and 5+6 combinations have in general high efficiencies, but less rigidity, while the 5+7 and 4+6 combinations give the opposite results. The highest wrap angle and length/diameter ratio do not always lead to the highest compressor performance. A comprehensive examination of the influence of the slide valve on compressor performance and bearing forces has been conducted. Procedures for determining the optimum slide stop and volume ratios are presented. The detrimental effect of the non-return valve in a refrigeration system driven by a twin screw compressor has been examined. A non-reversing clutch fitted to the prime mover is an alternative, but must be designed according to the shut down torque which is higher than the normal running torque. This is demonstrated. An analytical model for axial-torsional coupled vibration in an Oil-injected twin screw compressor has been created. A frequency analysis of all the excitations has been conducted by using an FFT technique. It is found that the fundamental harmonic dominates the gas torque, while the first two harmonics dominate the axial forces.

Published Article / This paper explores the manipulation of Van der Waals' forces by geometrical parameters in a micro-material handling system. It was observed that the flat-flat interactive surfaces exerted the highest intensity of Van der Waals' forces followed by cone-flat, cylinder-flat, sphere-flat and sphere-sphere interactive surfaces, respectively. A conical micro-gripper proved to be versatile in manipulating the Van der Waals' forces efficiently in a 'picking up' and 'releasing' mechanism of micro-work parts. It was deduced that the pick-up position should be rough and spherical, and the placement position should be smooth and flat for an effective 'pick-and-place' cycle to be realised.

Seals are considered one of the important flow elements of a turbomachinery device. Traditional labyrinth seals have proven their performance functionality by reducing leakage rates. Significant improvements on labyrinth seal functionality were obtained through altering the design geometry of labyrinth seals to prevent contamination across a seal and maintaining small leakage flowrates. This results in a windback seal that has only one tooth which continuously winds around the shaft like a screw thread. These seals are used in gas compressors to isolate the gas face seal from bearing oil. A purge gas is passed through the seal into the bearing housing. The helical design allows the seal to clear itself of any oil contamination. Windback seal performance is controlled through changing the seal geometry. A 2D graphical design tool for calculating the total and cavity leakage flowrates for windback seals is introduced. The effectiveness of the Fluent CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) commercial code to accurately predict the leakage rate for windback seals was evaluated. The objective is to determine if CFD simulations can be used along with a few experimental tests to study windback seals of this design with air as the working fluid. Comparison of measurement and predictions for a windback seal using the κ-ε turbulence model with enhanced wall treatment functions show predictions and measurements comparing very well with a maximum difference of 5% for leakage rate. Similarly, the leakage rate of the tested smooth seal compares favorably with two dimensional CFD predictions, with a difference of 2%-11% and 8%-15% using laminar and κ-ε turbulent flow models, respectively. The variation of leakage with shaft speed and pressure ratio across the seals is accurately predicted by the CFD simulations. Increasing the rotor speed to 15000 rpm increases the measured leakage flowrate for the windback seal by 2% at high differential pressure and 4.5% at low differential pressure, and decreases it by 10 % for the smooth seal. The effects of seal clearance, tooth pitch, cavity depth and the tooth number of starts on leakage flowrate, velocity and pressure distributions were studied numerically for three differential pressures and four rotor speeds.

In intraplate seismic zones (e.g. the New Madrid Seismic Zone, NMSZ, in the southcentral United States), the source of stress that drives earthquake is very complex. Data from the NMSZ indicate 3 earthquake of magnitude M~7, occurring at an approximate interval of 500 years during the last 2000 years. One hypothesis that satisfies these conditions proposes that short-lived bursts of earthquakes may result from perturbations in the local or regional stress field. This causes relaxation of a lower crustal weak zone which drive repeated earthquakes. The number of earthquakes is dependent on the geometry and rheology of the weak zone. Using finite element techniques which employ contact surfaces to model discrete faulting events and a maximum shear stress criteria evaluated at each node. We investigate the relevant parameter space, as it affects the concentration of stress at the base of the seismogenic fault and the number of earthquakes generated over a given time interval. Parameters that can be varied include earthquake stress drop, background tectonic stress, and maximum shear stress at failure. Results show that solutions are non-unique. With the addition of existing observational evidence, however, we can place bounds on the range of parameters which satisfy above observations.

Tato práce se zabývá popisem základních vlastností LDMOS tranzistorů. V první části práce jsou rozebrány vlastnosti LDMOS tranzistorů, jejich základní parametry a techniky pro vylepšení parametrů těchto tranzistorů. V další části je rozebrána spolehlivost LDMOS tranzistorů, tato část popisuje bezpečnou pracovní oblast (SOA), injekci horkých nosičů (HCI) a negativní teplotní stabilitu (NBTI). Poslední teoretická část popisuje používané modely pro simulaci ESD událostí. Praktická část práce je zaměřena na simulaci základních parametrů PLDMOS a NLDMOS tranzistorů, porovnání simulovaných a změřených koncentračních profilů. Dále se práce zabývá simulacemi změny geometrických parametrů PLDMOS tranzistoru a vliv těchto změn na elektrické parametry. Poslední část práce tvoří TLP simulace, které zkoumají elektrické vlastnosti PLDMOS tranzistoru při použití jako ESD ochrana.

The aim of this work is description of a device developed at Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Geodesy for the purpose of absolute calibration of geodetic GNSS antennas. Thanks to calibration it is possible to remove systematic error of antenna's phase centre. The device consists of moveable arm and processing unit. The moveable arm is able to set up calibrated antenna to required azimuth and elevation angle. This work introduces the issue of absolute calibration, describes the moveable arm and the process of its assembling. Further, it defines geometrical parameters of moveable arm, describes their determination and their independent verification by geodetic method. Finally, the model of movement of antenna's reference point is described.

This research aims to assess the causes of inefficient and unstable operation of centrifugal compressors and turboexpanders in process gas applications in order to provide a solution for performance restoration and enhancement. It encompasses thermodynamic and flow evaluations to examine the efficiency and operating range improvement options of new units. Besides, this work is complemented by a technoeconomic analysis to provide a rounded outcome from these studies. In order to achieve the desired objectives, a novel integrated approach has been developed to assess the design and performance of multi-stage centrifugal compressors. The proposed systematic methodology involves five basic elements including evaluation of compressor selection, compressor sizing and casing structure, performance prediction at the design and off-design conditions, modelling of efficiency and head deterioration causes; and stage design evaluation. This will contribute towards evaluating the geometrical parameters of the new units’ designs at the early preliminary design phase, and thus, will be useful to identify the options for efficiency and operating range enhancements. For installed units, this approach can be implemented to assess the cause of inefficient and unstable operation by assessing the available operation data. A method was developed to predict the performance curve of multi-stage centrifugal compressor based on a stage stacking technique. This approach considers the advantages of Lüdtke and Casey-Robinson methods with an incorporation of a methodology for compressor selection and sizing to generate more accurate results. To emphasize the validity of the developed model, it has been evaluated for both low and high flow coefficient applications. The obtained results show a significant improvement in the estimated efficiency, pressure ratio, shaft power and operating range as compared with the existing methods. The centrifugal compressor is designed to run under various operating conditions and different gas compositions with the primary objective of high efficiency and reliability. Therefore, a new iterative method has been developed to predict the equivalent compressor performance at off-design conditions. This technique uses the performance parameters at design conditions as a reference point to derive the corresponding performance characteristics at numerous suction conditions with less dependency on the geometrical features. Through a case study on a gas transport centrifugal compressor, it was found that the developed approach can be applied for design evaluation on the expected variation of working conditions, and for the operation diagnosis of installed units as well. Furthermore, a parametric study has been conducted to investigate the effect of gas properties on the stage efficiency, surge margin, and compressor structure. The obtained results support the need for considering the gas properties variation when the off-design performance is derived. To evaluate the impact of internal blockage on the performance parameters, this study proposed an approach to model the effect of non-reactive deposits, which has been qualified using four operation cases and the obtained results are compared with the internal inspection findings from the stage overhauling process. This also covers the influential aspects of flow blockage on the technical and economic values. Since the main challenge here is to analyze the process gas composition in real time, the influences of the non-reactive deposits have been compared with the effect of the unanticipated gas composition change. Subsequently, it has turned out that the pressureratio parameter is not enough to assess the possibility of flow blockage and unexpected gas properties change. Moreover, it was observed that the stage discharge pressure was more sensitive to the fouled aftercooler comparing with suction and internal blockage. However, the effect of contaminated aftercooler on the surge point and discharge pressure and temperature of the upstream stage was found greater than its impact on the shaft power. Thus, a substantial surge margin reduction was detected when the first stage was operating with a fouled aftercooler comparing with the measured reduction as a result of unanticipated gas properties change. Furthermore, a larger pressure ratio drop was measured in the case of liquid carryover which revealed a more significant impact of the two phases densities difference comparing with the gas volume fraction (GVF) effect. The possibility of hydrate formation has been assessed using hydrate formation temperature (HFT) criteria. Additionally, this research highlights a number of challenges facing the selection of typical centrifugal stage design by assessing the contribution of design characteristics on the operating efficiency and stable flow range. Besides, an empirical-based-model was established to select the optimum impeller and diffuser configurations in order to make a compromise decision based on technical and economic perspective. It was concluded that there is no absolute answer to the question of optimum rotor and stator configuration. The preliminary aerothermodynamic evaluation exposed that the selection of the optimum impeller structure is governed by several variables: stage efficiency, pressure loss coefficient, manufacturing cost, required power cost, resonance frequency and stable operating range. Hence, an evaluation is required to compromise between these parameters to ensure better performance. Furthermore, it was argued throughout this study that the decision-making process of the typical stage geometrical features has to be based upon the long-term economic performance optimization. Thus, for higher long-term economic performance, it is not sufficient to select the characteristics of the impeller and diffuser geometry based on the low manufacturing cost or efficiency improvement criterion only. For turboexpanders, a simple and low cost tool has been developed to determine the optimum turboexpander characteristics by analysing the generated design alternatives. This approach was used in designing a turboexpander for hydrocarbon liquefaction process. Moreover, since the turboexpanders are expected to run continuously at severe gas conditions, the performance of the selected turboexpander was evaluated at different inlet flow rates and gas temperatures. It has turned out that designing a turboexpander with the maximum isentropic efficiency is not always possible due to the limitations of the aerodynamic parameters for each component. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the stage geometrical features prior the construction process to compromise between the high capital cost and the high energetic efficiency.

The diploma thesis applies to under sleeper pads. It researches thein using and benefits in foreign railvway authorities. Further it assesses track geometrical parameters in the trial track section with under sleeper pads in track Havlíčkův Brod - Okrouhlice and in the railway station Planá nad Lužnicí. There were evaluated measurements of vertical alingnment rails by precise leveling and deviations of track geometrical parameters measured by track meusuring car in the diploma thesis.There is expressed an conclusion about the impact of under sleeper pads on track geometric data in the thesis.

Primary objective of diploma thesis is design geometrical parameters of tracks at railway station Zruč nad Sázavou for three new platforms with acces options for paralyzed people and preservetion four railway tracks. Other objective is proposition of track drainage and reconstruction superstructure and substructure

The thesis is devoted to determining the parameters of the bucket to increase productivity of dredgers while mining deep-water organic-mineral sediments. It was achieved by increasing the fill factor through determining the rational geometrical parameters of the bucket. Analytical dependencies of the rational height and length of the bucket on the cutting parameters and physical-and-mechanical properties of the excavated sediments were determined. Expressions for defining forces while digging plasticity water-saturated soils were developed. Experimental investigations of the process of digging deep-water organic-mineral sediments in laboratory conditions and in the real conditions of operating single-bucket dredger in the Black Sea at the depth of 1885 m were carried out. The technique for calculation of the bucket\'s parameters was developed.