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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Dinâmica do uso e ocupação da terra em área de mineração de argila: o caso da bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Santa Gertrudes/SP

Paschoal, Letícia Giuliana [UNESP] 17 December 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:13:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paschoal_lg_me_rcla.pdf: 10913198 bytes, checksum: 8156a126c9fc200f853717632d794bcf (MD5) / Atividades de mineração estão diretamente relacionadas à alteração das paisagens naturais. Assim, foi selecionada como área de estudo a bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Santa Gertrudes, localizada no estado de São Paulo, área intensamente alterada pela explotação da argila e destinada a culturas agrícolas. Esta pesquisa se desenvolveu por meio da perspectiva da geomorfologia antropogênica amparada pela teoria geral dos sistemas, com o objetivo de identificar e analisar as alterações ocorridas no uso e ocupação da terra, provenientes principalmente da atividade de explotação da argila, e suas implicações nas características hidro-geomorfológicas desta bacia. Para isso, foram realizados mapas de uso e ocupação da terra e geomorfológicos de três cenários, ou seja, 1962, 1988 e 2006, os quais permitiram a identificação das alterações causadas pelas ações antrópicas sobre as formas de relevo da área. Também se elaborou uma carta de restrições legais ao uso e ocupação da terra com base em parâmetros geomórficos-ambientais, a qual forneceu subsídios para uma posterior reflexão sobre o estado ambiental desta área. Os resultados indicam que as principais feições representativas da alteração humana no relevo são representadas pela abertura de grandes cavas de mineração de argila e as atividades agrícolas, as quais intensificaram os processos denudativos e de sedimentação na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Santa Gertrudes. Assim, os resultados obtidos neste trabalho devem ser utilizados em conjunto com outras informações sobre os recursos naturais disponíveis, fato que permitiria a elaboração de práticas adequadas referentes ao planejamento e gestão ambiental desta bacia hidrográfica / Mining activities are directly related to changes in natural landscapes. Thus, it was selected as a study area the Santa Gertrudes Stream watershed, located in the state of São Paulo, being an area intensely altered by exploitation of clay and destined to agricultural crops. From the perspective of anthropogenic geomorphology supported by general systems theory, this research has developed, in order to identify and analyze changes in the land use, mainly from the activity of exploitation of the clay, and its implications in the hydro-geomorphological characteristics of this basin. For this purpose, we made land use and geomorphology maps of three scenarios, i.e. 1962, 1988 and 2006, which allowed the identification of changes caused by human activities on the landforms of the area. It also produced a map of legal restrictions on land use based on geomorphic-environmental parameters, which provided subsidies for further reflection on the environmental status of this area. The results indicate that the main features of representative of human changes in relief are represented for opening of large clay mining pits and agricultural activities, which intensified the denudation and sedimentation processes in the Santa Gertrudes Stream watershed. Thus, the present results must be used in conjunction with other available information about the natural resources, fact that would allow the establishment of programs relating to environmental planning and management of this watershed
42

Vulnerabilidade ambiental aos processos erosivos lineares de parte dos municípios de Marabá Paulista-SP e Presidente Epitácio-SP / Environmental vulnerability to linear erosive processes in parts of Marabá Paulista-SP and Presidente Epitácio-SP

Fushimi, Melina [UNESP] 17 June 2016 (has links)
Submitted by MELINA FUSHIMI (melinafushimi@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-27T15:24:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_FINAL_Melina Fushimi.pdf: 21884758 bytes, checksum: 0c1b17ce557210c1ae752004961a846d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-28T17:14:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fushimi_m_dr_prud.pdf: 21884758 bytes, checksum: 0c1b17ce557210c1ae752004961a846d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T17:14:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fushimi_m_dr_prud.pdf: 21884758 bytes, checksum: 0c1b17ce557210c1ae752004961a846d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / No atual momento histórico, diante das transformações aceleradas das paisagens, em que as dinâmicas da sociedade se interpenetram e, muitas vezes, se sobressaem às dinâmicas da natureza, a questão ambiental assume importância em vários campos do conhecimento, sobretudo, na Geografia. Em meio aos diversos trabalhos desenvolvidos no âmbito geográfico e ambiental, tem-se a erosão como um dos assuntos mais enfatizados. Neste contexto, o objetivo geral da tese foi analisar os principais elementos que influenciam na vulnerabilidade ambiental aos processos erosivos lineares (sulcos, ravinas e voçorocas) de parte dos municípios de Marabá Paulista-SP e Presidente Epitácio-SP. Sob a perspectiva teórico-metodológica do pensamento da complexidade, foram caracterizados os aspectos do relevo, declividade, solos, substrato rochoso, cobertura vegetal, curvatura da superfície e uso da terra, além da elaboração de documentos cartográficos em ambiente de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, em especial, o mapa de vulnerabilidade ambiental aos processos erosivos lineares. Em virtude das possibilidades de integração dos dados e atribuição de pesos, o referido mapa foi realizado a partir da lógica fuzzy, especificamente, da Técnica do Processo Analítico Hierárquico (AHP), a qual proporcionou o mapeamento de maneira classificada: baixa (0.32%), média (65.15%), alta (34.45%) e muito alta vulnerabilidade (0.08%). A baixa vulnerabilidade está elencada às matas ciliares remanescentes. A média vulnerabilidade se localiza nos topos das colinas com declividades inferiores a 5%. O uso da terra predominante é a pastagem e os solos são, em sua maioria, desenvolvidos e arenosos. A alta vulnerabilidade está, principalmente, nas vertentes convexas e retilíneas, em que as inclinações podem alcançar 15%. A pastagem prevalece, todavia, verificou-se a expansão do cultivo de cana de açúcar e do solo exposto para seu consecutivo plantio. A muito alta vulnerabilidade apresenta-se nas vertentes côncavas, cuja curvatura favorece a convergência das águas pluviais e, portanto, o fluxo linear. Tal evento se intensifica perante às declividades acentuadas – superiores a 20% para a região. Combinado a estes atributos, sobre solos rasos tem-se o pastoreio intensivo do gado, o qual acelera a compactação do solo e acarreta a erosão, sendo uma das formas de degradação mais recorrente no Extremo Oeste Paulista. Assim, o presente estudo pode contribuir no sentido de orientar a implantação de medidas preventivas e corretivas de controle à erosão por intermédio do planejamento ambiental. / In the current historical moment, given the accelerated changes in landscapes, in which the dynamics of society interpenetrate and, often, exceed the dynamics of nature, the environmental issue assumes importance in several fields of knowledge, especially, Geography. Among the diverse assignments developed in geographical and environmental contexts, erosion is one of the most commonly emphasized subjects. Therefore, this thesis aimed to analyze the main elements that influence environmental vulnerability to linear erosive processes (rills, ravines and gullies) in parts of Marabá Paulista-SP and Presidente Epitácio-SP. From the theoretical-methodological perspective of thought complexity, the relief, slope plans, soils, bedrocks, vegetation, surface curvature and land use aspects were characterized, in addition to the elaboration of cartographic documents using the Geographic Information System, in particular, the map of environmental vulnerability to linear erosive processes. Due to the possibilities of integrating data and assigning weights, the map was performed based on fuzzy sets, specifically, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which provided classified mapping: low (0.32%), medium (65.15%), high (34.45%) and very high vulnerability (0.08%). The low vulnerability is identified in the reminiscent cilliary forests. The medium vulnerability is located on the hilltops with slopes of less than 5%. The land use is predominantly for pasture and soils are for the most part developed and sandy. The high vulnerability is primarily the convex and rectilinear aspects, where the slopes can reach 15%. On the prevailing pasture, however, the expansion of the sugar cane crop was found and soil exposed to its successive planting. The very high vulnerability is present in the concave slopes, whose curvature favors the convergence of rainwater and thus, linear flow. This event is intensified towards the steep slopes – more than 20% of the region. Combined with these attributes, on shallow soils there is intensive grazing of livestock, which accelerates soil compaction and leads to erosion, one of the most recurrent means of degradation in the Far West of São Paulo. Thus, the present study may contribute to guiding the management of preventive and corrective measures to control erosion through environmental planning.
43

Zoneamento ambiental do Municipio de Santos como subsidio ao planejamento fisico-territorial / Environmental zoning of the Town of Santos as subsidy to the physical-territorial planing

Bacci, Pedro Henrique de Melo 15 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Regina Celia de Oliveira / Inclui 23 mapas acondicionados em bolsos (folhas soltas, dobradas) / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T02:07:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bacci_PedroHenriquedeMelo_M.pdf: 66828185 bytes, checksum: 1d5d5af7759cfbe2b1137a99f1c6a9bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: As regiões litorâneas no cenário nacional, caracteriza-se pela dinâmica dos processos naturais associados a conformação do relevo que podem vir à representar zonas de risco à ocorrência de eventos tais como movimento de massa ou enchentes. O intenso processo de ocupação humana assistida nessas áreas vem fragilizar em muito a organização de todo o sistema natural que rege esses espaços resultando em quadros catastróficos. O município de Santos estrutura-se sobre um relevo complexo, ora associado a zonas de serrania que apresentam declividades até 45°, ora à zonas de planícies áreas de alagamento e deposição de sedimentos. Dessa forma, o município caracteriza-se por apresentar feições geomorfológicas distintas e processos erosivos diversificados, além de apresentar uma intensa urbanização com grandes ações antrópicas sobre o meio natural. Em virtude da grande fragilidade ambiental em que se consolida o cenário do município de Santos, este trabalho, utilizando a metodologia proposta por Ross (1990), busca elaborar um zoneamento ambiental, partindo da identificação e mapeamento das feições geomorfológicas, dos processos e morfologia observadas na área de estudo. O produto final desse trabalho, a Carta de Unidades de Fragilidade Potencial do município de Santos, poderá auxiliar na discussão de planejamento territorial do uso do solo que leve em consideração a conformação e dinâmica da paisagem como prerrogativa no estabelecimento de normas de uso e ocupação. Além disso, poderá servir para auxiliar no planejamento ambiental, visto que essa área apresenta um meio natural extremamente frágil com longa data de ação antrópica / Abstract: The coastal regions in the national setting, characterizes-itself by the dynamic one of the natural trials associated the resignation of the prominence that can come to the represent zones of risk to the occurrence of events such as movement of batter or floods. The intense trial of human occupation watched in those areas is going to make vulnerable in a lot the organization completely the natural system that governs those spaces resulting in catastrophic charts. The town of Santos structure itself about a complex prominence, now associated the zones of mountain range that present declivities until 45°, now to the flooding areas plains zones and deposition of sediments. Of that form, the town characterizes-itself by present features geomorphologic distinct and erosive trials diversified, beyond present an intense development with big actions anthropic about the natural environment. Because of the big environmental fragility in that is consolidated the setting of the town of Santos, this work, utilizing the methodology proposal by Ross (1990), search elaborate na environmental zoning, starting from the identification and mapping of the features geomorphologies, of the trials and morphology observed in the study's area. That work's final product, the Potential Fragility Units Letter of the town of Santos, will be able to help in the argument of territorial planning of the use of soil that light in consideration the resignation and dynamics of the landscape as prerogative in the use norms establishment and occupation. Beyond that, will be able to serve for help in the seen, environmental planning that this area presents an extremely fragile natural environment with long date of action anthropic / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia
44

Cartografia geomorfológica comparada: aplicações no município de Juiz de Fora (MG) como subsídio ao planejamento

Eduardo, Carolina Campos 05 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-05-18T12:27:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinacamposeduardo.pdf: 16613210 bytes, checksum: 50681f7c53a14f21b1f4376c8eeca0d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T11:24:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinacamposeduardo.pdf: 16613210 bytes, checksum: 50681f7c53a14f21b1f4376c8eeca0d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T11:24:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinacamposeduardo.pdf: 16613210 bytes, checksum: 50681f7c53a14f21b1f4376c8eeca0d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-05 / A confecção dos mapas geomorfológicos, em consonância com os aspectos morfoestruturais e morfoesculturais conduz aos estudos efetivos sobre a integração da paisagem, direcionando o uso do mapa em trabalhos, como os de regionalização e questões sobre o planejamento ambiental nos assentamentos urbanos. Efetivamente, ao mapa geomorfológico atribui-se às expressões de cunho genético, morfométrico, morfográfico, cronológico e a dinâmica dos processos decorrentes da atuação climática ao longo tempo. Pela complexidade, de informações que cumpre o trato do levantamento geomorfológico, seu registro cartográfico ainda encontra entraves para uma normatização de procedimentos ou simbologias no roteiro de produção final da carta geomorfológica. Desse modo, ampliando o debate das metodologias e técnicas, o presente trabalho confere a abordagem da cartografia geomorfológica aplicada ao município de Juiz de Fora, cujo relevo se insere nos domínios dos “mares de morros” das Serranias da Zona da Mata. Apoiado nessa perspectiva, foi produzida uma carta geomorfológica e ainda a comparação desse documento com o mapa de morfologia existente para o município, bem como a pesquisa em trabalhos acadêmicos, que levantaram informações sobre o sistema geomorfológico local. A carta geomorfológica produzida, apoiada nos métodos e técnicas da cartografia de relevo, foi levada a efeito com adequações e resultou em um documento comunicativo iconográfica da simbologia, sendo assessorada pelos recursos gráficos com a utilização do Sistema de informação Geográfica (SIG). Com isso, os expedientes voltados para a elaboração das cartas desse gênero, contribuem para as discussões no tocante aos procedimentos metodológicos para a execução desse documento, e enfatiza a aplicação dos métodos aqui aplicados para o reconhecimento dos sistemas geomorfológicos de outras paisagens em domínios tropicais. / The production of geomorphological maps, in consonance with the morphostructural and morpho-sculptural aspects, leads to effective studies on the integration of the landscape, directing the use of these maps in related studies, such as in those about regionalization and on issues concerning environmental planning in urban settlements. Effectively, genetic, morphometric, morphographic and chronological expressions are attributed to the geomorphological map, as well as the dynamics of the processes resulting from the climatic performance over time. Due to the complexity of information the geomorphological survey covers, its cartographic registry still finds obstacles to a standardization of procedures or symbologies in the production script of the final geomorphological chart. Thus, the present work grants the approach of geomorphological cartography applied to the municipality of Juiz de Fora, broadening the debate on methodologies and techniques. The relief of the mentioned municipality belongs to the domains of the “sea of hills” (chain of hills), on Zona da Mata region. Based on this perspective, a geomorphological chart was produced, as well as the comparison of this document with an existing map of morphology for the municipality. Applied research has been also carried out, in order to collect information about the local geomorphologic system. The geomorphological chart that has been produced, based on the methods and techniques of relief cartography, was carried out with adaptations and resulted in an iconographic communicative document of the symbology. The formatting of the legend component has been assisted by graphic resources using the Geographic Information System (Sistema de informação Geográfica - SIG). Hence, the efforts related to the elaboration of this type of chart contribute to the discussions regarding the methodological procedures for the production of this document and emphasize the application of the methods developed in this work for the recognition of geomorphological systems of other landscapes in tropical domains.
45

Geomorfologická analýza a vývoj reliéfu centrální části Troskovické vrchoviny / Geomorphological analysis and relief development of central part of Troskovická Highland

David, Daniel January 2010 (has links)
David, D. (2010): Geomorphological analysis and development relief of central part in Troskovická vrchovina (Highland) (Bohemian Paradise). Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Sience, Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology. The central part of Troskovická vrchovina Highland lies between towns Turnov and Jičín in Jičínská pahorkatina (Hilly land) in Geopark Bohemian Paradise. It is a rugged rocky area mostly built of sedimetary rocks (Cretaceous quartz sandstones). The relief is cut by canyons and in the center of plateau is vulcanic neck Trosky. This book contains results of detailed geomorphological mapping and analysing of the area. The major product of this study is detailed geomorphological map 1:10 000. Key words: Bohemian Paradise, detailed geomorphological mapping, geomorphological analysis, Střeleč pit (main), sandstone relief, vulcanic rocks and Trosky neck.
46

RECONSTRUCTING ICE SHEET SURFACE CHANGES IN WESTERN DRONNING MAUD LAND, ANTARCTICA

Jennifer C H Newall (10724127) 29 April 2021 (has links)
<p>Understanding climate-driven changes in global land-based ice volume is a critical component in our capability to predict how global sea level will rise as a consequence of the current human-driven climate change. At the last glacial maximum (LGM, which peaked around 20 ka), ephemeral ice sheets covered vast regions of the northern hemisphere while both the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets were more extensive than at present. As global temperatures rose at the transition into the Holocene, driving the LGM deglaciation, eustatic sea level rose by approximately 125 m. The east Antarctic ice sheet (EAIS) is the largest ice sheet on Earth today, holding an ice volume equivalent to ca. 53 m rise in global sea level. Considering current trends in global climate, specifically rapidly increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> levels and global temperature, it is important to improve our understanding of how the EAIS will respond to global warming so that we can make better predictions of future sea level changes to guide community adaptation and planning efforts. Numerical ice sheet models which inform projections of future ice volume changes, and can, therefore, yield projections of sea level rise, rely on empirical data to test their ability to accurately represent former and present ice configurations. However, there is a general lack of data on the paleoglaciology of the EAIS along the western Dronning Maud Land (DML) margin. In order to address this situation, the paleoglaciology of western DML forms the focus of the work presented in this thesis.</p><p><b> </b></p><p>Together with collaborators within the MAGIC-DML consortium (Mapping, Measuring and Modelling Antarctic Geomorphology and Ice Change in Dronning Maud Land) that provides the funding for this MS project, the author has performed geomorphological mapping across western DML; an area of approximately 200,000 km<sup>2</sup>. The results of the mapping presented in this thesis will provide the basis for a detailed glacial reconstruction of the region. The geomorphological mapping was completed almost entirely by remote sensing using very high-resolution (sub-meter in the panchromatic) WordView-2 and WorldView-3 (WV) satellite imagery, combined with ground validation studies during field work. Compared to Landsat products, the improved spatial resolution provided by WV imagery has fundamentally changed the scale and detail at which remote sensing based geomorphological mapping can be completed. The mapping presented here is focused on the glacial geomorphology of mountain summits and flanks that protrude through the ice sheet’s surface (nunataks). In our study area of western DML these nunatak surfaces make up <0.2 % of the total surface area, and the landforms mapped here are generally smaller than can be identified from Landsat products (30 m spatial resolution). The detail achieved in our mapping, across such a vast, remote area that presents numerous obstacles to accessibility highlights the benefits of utilizing the new VHR WV data. As such an evaluation of the WV data, as applied to geomorphological mapping is presented here together with our mapping of the glacial geomorphology of western DML. The results of which provides evidence of ice having overridden sites at all elevations across the entire study area; from the highest elevation inland nunataks that form the coast-parallel escarpment, to low-elevation emerging nunataks close to the coast. Hence from our studies of the glacial geomorphology of this region we can ascertain that, at some point in the glacial history of western DML, ice covered all of the mountain summits that are exposed today, indicating an ice sheet surface lowering of up to 700 m in some places.</p>

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