No description available.

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Aim: To present a literature review of the positive effects and overall reduction of depressive symptoms that an intervention such as therapeutic gardening has on individuals living within memory care facilities. Background: As most humans age, they often lose abilities or skills that they have had for their entire lives (e.g. driving, grooming, toileting, seeing and/or hearing). By implementing programs that involve therapeutic garden therapy, individuals with dementia who are at greater risk for clinical depressive symptoms may find that this alternative approach improves their symptoms. Methods: A comprehensive, electronic, literature search in the CINAHL database was completed and included the keywords therapeutic garden, horticulture therapy, and dementia or Alzheimer's. Information has been extracted from sources based on whether they met specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and if they showed positive effects of alleviating depressive symptoms within the defined population. The literature was critically analyzed and common themes were extracted to gain a deeper understanding of the existing research and presented as a written report. Significance: In 2018, dementia costs in the United States were upwards of $215 billion, and is said to potentially double by 2040 due to an increase in aging within the baby boomer generation (PRB, 2018). These numbers are spiking at a rapid rate which then leads to a rise in elderly individuals with dementia needing more specialized care. Memory care facilities assist with this care and are integrating newer non pharmacological ways to approach managing symptoms of dementia, such as Therapeutic Gardening. Conclusions: This review has shown proof from multiple studies that there are a large amount of positive findings when a therapeutic gardening intervention is applied to help the dementia population. The majority of the findings were related to an increase in an overall quality of life, but there were many other changes noted in individuals receiving this therapy including, but not limited to: reduction in agitation, positive changes in behavior, physical and mental health benefits, alleviation of social isolation, and potential changes in cortisol levels. Key words: Dementia, therapeutic gardening, depression

The current research examined the influence of the emotional labor strategies of faking emotion and suppression of emotion, empowerment, and geriatric caregiving self-efficacy on the relationship between work stress and emotional exhaustion—one dimension of burnout—for a sample of nursing staff members employed in a state-level geriatric psychiatric hospital. The total sample included 79 participants, which included registered nurses (n = 15), licensed practical nurses (n = 23) , and human service care workers (n = 41) who completed the Stress in General scale (Stanton, Balzer, Smith, Parra, & Ironson, 2001), Maslach Burnout Inventory (Human Services Survey; Maslach, Jackson & Leiter, 1996), Discrete Emotions Emotional Labor Scale (Glomb & Tews, 2004), Psychological Empowerment Scale (Spreitzer, 1995), and Geriatric Nursing Self-efficacy Scale (Mackenzie & Peragine, 2003). The mean emotional exhaustion score for the sample fell in the moderate range of burnout. First, it was hypothesized that work stress and emotional labor strategies (i.e., faking emotion and suppression of emotion) would have positive relationships with the burnout domain of emotional exhaustion while empowerment and geriatric caregiving self-efficacy would have negative relationships with this outcome. Next, a series of regression analyses tested emotional labor (i.e., faking emotion and suppression of emotion), empowerment, and geriatric caregiving self-efficacy as moderators for the relationship between stress and burnout. Results indicated that study variables were all related to emotional exhaustion in the expected direction, although several relationships fell short of statistical significance. In addition, emotional labor was a significant predictor of emotional exhaustion, with suppression of emotion playing a larger role. There was no support for the potential moderating role of emotional labor or empowerment on the relationship between work stress and burnout. However, geriatric caregiving self-efficacy was a significant moderator of this relationship. More specifically, when staff reported high work stress, those who had low self-efficacy experienced the highest emotional exhaustion values. However, when self-efficacy was high for this group, their emotional exhaustion scores decreased. For this sample, higher levels of self-efficacy appeared to play a protective role from experiencing more emotional exhaustion when in a high stress condition.

Thesis (MEd)(Human Resource Studies)--University South Australia, 1996

Thesis (PhD) -- University of Western Sdyney, 2001. / Bibliography: leaves 163-186.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1999. / Running title: Nurse practitioners' perception on functional decline. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

The purposes of this secondary study were to explore the case detection phenomena of elder abuse by determining the congruence between nurses' assessments of abuse and elders' self-reports of abuse; to identify factors that may account for differences between abusive situations and nonabusive situations; then to describe differences between abused elders correctly identified and abused elders incorrectly identified by nurses. Both quantitative and qualitative data were used. The theory of attribution directed this research. The conceptual framework consisted of four concepts: structural factors, relationship factors, elder factors, and caregiver factors. A descriptive-comparison design was used to address the research questions. The sample included 48 elder-caregiver dyads, of whom 24 were self-reported abused elders and 24 self-reported nonabused elders. Descriptive analysis was used, including chi-square and t-tests. Results indicated that the nurses' assessments of elder abuse and elders' self reports of abuse were congruent in only one-fifth (N = 5) of the abused cases (N = 24). The findings confirmed allegations that nurses have difficulty identifying elder abuse unless outright battering is observed. Five variables were significant between abused and nonabused elders, and 10 variables were significant between abused elders correctly identified by nurses and abused elders incorrectly identified by nurses.

A responsabilidade de cuidar de um idoso dependente normalmente recai sobre a família, e o número de idosos cuidadores está crescendo. As atitudes em relação à velhice, que referem-se a percepções pré-aprendidas que uma pessoa possui sobre características peculiares ao idoso, são importantes, pois podem interferir diretamente no modo de lidar com o outro. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar quais fatores sociodemográficos, de saúde física e mental e de aspectos do cuidado estão associados às atitudes em relação à velhice, dos idosos cuidadores de idosos dependentes, residentes na área de abrangência das Unidades de Saúde da Família, de um município do interior paulista. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal e exploratório, realizado com 313 idosos cuidadores de idosos dependentes. Para a coleta de dados, utilizaram-se um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica, de saúde e de aspectos do cuidado, o Índice de Katz, a Escala de Lawton e Brody, o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), o Inventário de Sobrecarga de Zarit (ZBI), a Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS), a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS-15) e a Escala Neri de Avaliação de Atitudes em Relação à Velhice. Os idosos dependentes de cuidado tinham em média 74,0 anos, 68,7% eram homens, 68,4% independentes no Índice de Katz e 86,6% dependentes parciais na Escala de Lawton. Quanto aos idosos cuidadores, a média foi de 69,7 anos, 75,4% eram mulheres e 85,0% cuidavam do cônjuge. O escore médio nas escalas de avaliação foi de 17,7 na ZBI; 18,5 na PSS; 3,6 na GDS-15 e 22,9 no MEEM. Na avaliação funcional, 87,7% eram independentes no Índice de Katz e 57,5% dependentes parciais na Escala de Lawton. A pontuação média na Escala Neri de atitude foi de 3,0 pontos, a pontuação possível varia de 1 a 5 e quanto maior, mais negativas as atitudes. O domínio, desta escala, com pontuação mais negativa foi o Agência (3,2) e o mais positivo o Relacionamento Social (2,7). Na análise de regressão logística multinomial, as atitudes mais negativas em relação à velhice estiveram significativamente associadas (p<=0,05) à maior idade, morar na área urbana, tomar mais medicamentos por dia, cuidar de idosos dependentes (Índice de Katz), estar mais ou menos satisfeito com a vida e apresentar maiores níveis de estresse percebido. Menores níveis de escolaridade foram considerados fatores protetores para atitudes mais positivas. Evidencia-se a necessidade de políticas públicas voltadas à promoção de atitudes mais positivas em relação à velhice, com enfoque nos fatores a elas associados / The responsibility to care for a dependent elderly at home is usually given to the family, and the number of elderly caregivers is increasing. Attitudes toward the elderly, which refer to pre-conceptions that a person has on peculiar characteristics of the elderly, are important because they can influence a range of behaviors. This study analyzes which sociodemographic, physical and mental health, and care aspects are associated with attitudes toward aging, in a sample of older caregivers that cared for dependent elderly living in the area covered by the Family Health Units, of a municipality in São Paulo. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional, and exploratory study, developed with 313 elderly caregivers. Data collection was conducted using a sociodemographic, health, and care aspects questionnaire, Katz Index, Lawton and Brody Scale, Mini Mental Examination State (MMSE), Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Geriatric Depressive Scale (GDS-15), and Neri Scale to Assess Attitudes Toward the Elderly. The dependent elderly had a mean age of 74 years, 68.7% were men, 68.4% independent in Katz Index, and 86.6% partial dependent in Lawton Scale. Regarding the elderly caregivers, the mean age was 69.7 years, 75.4% were women, and 85% cared for the spouse. The mean score was 17.7 in ZBI; 18.5 in PSS; 3.6 in GDS-15 and 22.9 in MMES. On functional evaluation 87.7% were independent in Katz Index and 56.5% partial dependents in Lawton Scale. The mean score in Neri Scale was 3.0, the possible score ranged from 1-5 with higher scores representing more negative attitudes. The more negative domain was Agency (3.2) and the more positive was Social Relationship (2.7). The multivariate logistic regression showed that attitudes toward the elderly was significantly associated (p<=0,05) with being older, living in urban setting, taking more medications per day, caring for dependent older person (Katz Index), being more or less satisfied with life, and having higher levels of perceived stress. To be less educated was considered a protector factor to more positive attitudes. The results highlight the need for public policies to promote more positive attitudes toward the elderly, focusing on their associated factors