MATOS FILHO, Jo?o. A descentraliza??o das Pol?ticas de desenvolvimento rural - uma an?lise da experi?ncia do Rio Grande do Norte. 2002. 259f. Tese (Doutorado em Ci?ncias Econ?micas)? Instituto de Economia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2002. / Submitted by Rildeci Medeiros (rildeci@hotmail.com) on 2010-10-18T23:41:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE.pdf: 949823 bytes, checksum: 71591e86cd6f90e9f5efce1ef220774c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by clediane guedes(clediane@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2010-12-06T19:37:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE.pdf: 949823 bytes, checksum: 71591e86cd6f90e9f5efce1ef220774c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-12-06T19:37:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE.pdf: 949823 bytes, checksum: 71591e86cd6f90e9f5efce1ef220774c (MD5) / Analisa as principais experi?ncias de gest?o descentralizada de programas de desenvolvimento rural no estado do Rio Grande do Norte e procura avaliar em que medida o Projeto de Combate ? Pobreza Rural (PCPR) e o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) est?o contribuindo para o fortalecimento econ?mico e social das organiza??es comunit?rias e dos seus quadros de associados. Examina os distintos significados e a multiplicidade de usos do processo de descentraliza??o nas organiza??es p?blicas e na gest?o dos programas de desenvolvimento rural. Reconstitui as caracter?sticas das experi?ncias de descentraliza??o na trajet?ria dos principais programas de desenvolvimento rural no Rio Grande do Norte. Examina as especificidades do atual padr?o de gest?o descentralizada de pol?ticas de desenvolvimento rural segundo o discurso de lideran?as pol?ticas, sindicais, religiosas e comunit?rias e realiza uma an?lise comparada da gest?o descentralizada do PCPR e do PRONAF no Rio Grande do Norte. Registra que a experi?ncia com a implementa??o descentralizada de programas de desenvolvimento rural n?o ? um fen?meno novo no Rio Grande do Norte; ao contr?rio, ? um fen?meno antigo e recorrente que mais uma vez se apresenta justificado pelo discurso da descentraliza??o e da participa??o social. O que h? de novo ? o aprofundamento do processo de descentraliza??o, materializado na transfer?ncia de recursos financeiros e de poder decis?rio para as prefeituras municipais, conselhos municipais e organiza??es comunit?rias,configurando distintos desenhos institucionais que ora descentralizam, ora re-centralizam a gest?o p?blica no ?mbito local. A an?lise explorat?ria dos dados evidenciou a exist?ncia de desempenho diferenciado entre esses dois programas ou dentro de um mesmo programa, denotando a import?ncia relativa de fatores como capacidade de planejamento, capacidade de assessoramento t?cnico e n?mero de organiza??es comunit?rias executoras de projetos como fatores explicativos desse desempenho. programas de desenvolvimento rural, pol?tica, gest?o descentralizada. ABSTRACT: This thesis analyzes the most important experiences in decentralized management of rural development programs in state of Rio Grande do Norte and looks forward to evaluate in which manner specific programs directed to rural poverty and familiar agriculture are contributing to strength community organizations and to increase the income levels of their memberships. It examines different meanings and multiple uses of decentralization process inside public organizations and on the management of rural development programs. It reconstitutes the characteristics of decentralization experiences on the rural development programs implementation in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. It examines specificities of the actual standard rural decentralized management of rural development policies, according to speeches of politic, syndicate, religious and communitarian leaders. It makes a comparative analyses between two of the most important rural development programs in Rio Grande do Norte, that is, the ?Projeto de Combate ? Pobreza Rural? (PCPR), financed by the World Bank, and the ?Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF)?, financed by the Brazilian Federal Government. These programs have been implemented by the federal, state and local governments with the participation of the civil society, organized on several institutions, like municipal councils, non-government organizations and civil associations. It concludes that the establishment of rural development decentralized program is not a new phenomenon; to the contrary, it is an ancient and recurrent one, which once more presents justified by decentralization and social participation speech. What is a new fact on that is to deepen the decentralization process, making it real through the transfer of financial resources and administration to local governments, municipal councils, non-government organizations and civil associations, demonstrating different institutional designs which may contributes to decentralize but also to centralize the traditional forms of local government. The exploratory analysis suggests the existence of different performances between the two programs or inside only one program, denoting the relative importance of some factors as: capable of planning, capable of giving technical assistance and the number of community organizations that execute projects as those ones that can explain this performance

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T18:20:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaSSB.pdf: 1271079 bytes, checksum: 66bc2e413f41a8a35f562f0745fd9469 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Study about environment education public policies, emphasizing the directress since the 1970 . It analyses the environment education administration of Mossor? city, indentifying its articulation with the international directresses and the Environment Education National Policy (PNEA), established according the law number 9.795/99. The text takes as empiric reference the Environment Education National Policy (PNEA) of Mossor? city, realized since 2006. In order to make the research, we employed as methodologic proceedings a bibliographical and documental revision from wich we developed a contextualization of the propolsals toward a environment Education policy and administration, the institution of the environment Education in Brazil, in the neoliberal context on the State reform ambit. We also employed a semi-structured interview, having as individuals two Environment Education Municipal Program Administration of Mossor? city / RN state administrators and nine Municipal Education System educators. The analysis was done from the historic and dialetic perspective, trying to understand the facts in its totallity. The results revealed that the environment Education has become to be emphasize as an environment crises superation strategy since the 1970 s. In this context, the environment Education administration directress, in the United Nations (UN) initiative ambit, emphasizes the participation and the partnership as a way to share responsabilities between the State and society. In the neoliberalism affirmation context, in the 1990 s, these directresses were fortified, once, since the State reform, their functions were redimensioned and the State turns into a stronger planner an controller, inducing the society to act as a public polcies executor. Therewith, a deconcentration action process is consolidated, rather than an administrative and pedagocgic decentralization, historically revendicated on Education by the progressist sectors. Even though the administrators interviewed have revealed the wish that the schools become autonomous on the PMEA execution, through the NEAs, we notice that the methods employed do not contribute to that, because of the decisions concentration on the associated managership ambit and the few human and financial resources. In spite of the difficulties, the research showed that the Mossor? municipality innovated on the environment Education field, by the institution of the NEAs, even though they demonstrate fragilities regarding their performance, revealed on the educators and adiminstration talk on the interviews. We verify that the main difficulties come from the politc culture installed on the municipality, ruled by a technocracy and power concentration wich brings difficulties to the implementation of a democratic and participative administration, even though it would not be totally impossible, even on the circumstances described / Estudo sobre as pol?ticas p?blicas de educa??o ambiental, enfatizando as diretrizes formuladas a partir da d?cada de l970. Tem como objetivo analisar a gest?o da educa??o ambiental do munic?pio de Mossor?, identificando sua articula??o com as diretrizes internacionais e com a Pol?tica Nacional de Educa??o Ambiental (PNEA), institu?da com a Lei 9.795/99. O trabalho toma como refer?ncia emp?rica, o Programa Municipal de Educa??o Ambiental (PMEA) de Mossor?, em execu??o desde 2006. Para realiza??o da pesquisa utilizamos como procedimentos metodol?gicos: revis?o bibliogr?fica e documental, a partir das quais desenvolvemos uma contextualiza??o das proposi??es para a pol?tica e a gest?o da educa??o ambiental formuladas a partir da d?cada de l970; o processo de institucionaliza??o da educa??o ambiental no Brasil, no contexto neoliberal e, portanto no ?mbito da reforma do Estado. Utilizamos tamb?m, a entrevista semi-estruturada, tendo como sujeitos: dois gestores do Programa Municipal de Educa??o Ambiental de Mossor? e nove educadores da rede municipal de ensino. A an?lise foi feita a partir da perspectiva hist?rica e dial?tica, buscando compreender os fatos em sua totalidade. Os resultados revelaram que a educa??o ambiental come?ou a ser enfatizada como estrat?gia de supera??o da crise ambiental a partir da d?cada de 1970. Nesse contexto, as diretrizes para a gest?o da educa??o ambiental formuladas no ?mbito das iniciativas da Organiza??o das Na??es Unidas (ONU), enfatizaram a participa??o e as parcerias, como forma de dividir responsabilidades entre o Estado e a sociedade. No contexto de afirma??o do neoliberalismo nos anos de l990, estas diretrizes foram fortalecidas, uma vez que a partir da reforma do Estado, suas fun??es foram redimensionadas e este passa a agir mais como planejador e fiscalizador, induzindo a sociedade a agir como executora das pol?ticas p?blicas. A educa??o ambiental no Brasil surgiu nesta conjuntura e, portanto incorpora parte das orienta??es internacionais. A proposta do Programa Municipal de Educa??o Ambiental de Mossor?, implementado atrav?s dos N?cleos de Educa??o Ambiental (NEAs), incorporou orienta??es contidas na PNEA e no Programa Nacional de Educa??o Ambiental (ProNEA), enfatizando a participa??o das escolas e da comunidade como estrat?gia para garantir a sua execu??o de modo descentralizado. No entanto, o estudo demonstrou que a participa??o democr?tica proposta, n?o tem se efetivado plenamente no cotidiano na gest?o, uma vez que as escolas e a comunidade s?o chamadas para a execu??o das a??es formuladas no ?mbito da gest?o municipal. Com isto, consolida-se um processo de desconcentra??o das a??es e n?o uma descentraliza??o administrativa, financeira e pedag?gica, historicamente reivindicada na educa??o pelos setores progressistas. Embora os gestores entrevistados tenham revelado um desejo de que as escolas se tornem aut?nomas na execu??o do PMEA atrav?s dos NEAs, percebemos que os m?todos utilizados n?o colaboram para isto, haja vista a concentra??o das decis?es no ?mbito das Ger?ncias parceiras e os poucos recursos humanos e financeiros. Apesar das dificuldades, a pesquisa demonstrou que Mossor? inovou no campo da educa??o ambiental, ao instituir os NEAs, embora estes demonstrem fragilidades quanto ao seu funcionamento, reveladas na fala dos educadores e gestores entrevistados. Constatamos que as principais dificuldades adv?m da cultura pol?tica instalada no Munic?pio pautada pela tecnocracia e pela concentra??o de poder, o que tr?s dificuldades para a implementa??o de uma gest?o democr?tica e participativa, embora isto n?o seja totalmente imposs?vel, mesmo na conjuntura descrita