This dissertation studies the discussions on ghosts by the Neo-Confucians of the Song Dynasty, in particular Zhu Xi and Chen Chun. According to these thinkers, Gui (the ghost) refers to the deceased and represents the fading away of Qi (materials), and it is also part of the ancestor worship. Based on the typically Neo-Confucian interpretation of Li (principles) and Qi (materials), this dissertation demonstrates how Zhu and Chen explicated the idea of “Li persist on even though Qi fade away” by an articulation of their understanding of the ghost. The thesis consists of five chapters. The introduction summarizes previous works concerning Neo-Confucians’ discussion on Gui. It also briefly explains why the idea of Li and Qi is significant to the distinction between living people and ghosts as seen by Neo-Confucian thinkers. The definition of “Neo-Confucians” is briefly explained at the beginning of the introduction. Chapter one presents how Neo-Confucians apply the Qi theory to Gui, and their idea of an appropriate worship as intimately related to Qi, yet with its rationality lying with Li of human relations. Chapter two analyzes the Neo-Confucian idea of li gui (haunting ghosts) which is differentiated from the ghost in the ancestry worship system. For Neo-Confucians, li gui fail to understand the appropriate relation between Qi and Li and try to reject the fading away of Qi after death. In Chapter three, it is examined that Zhu Xi and Chen Chun’s opinion that living people play a role in the ghosts’ haunting because of their lack of knowledge of either Qi or Li, and suggest that they become the human form of “haunting ghosts” because of such a failure in understanding. In conclusion, the thesis suggests that the right way to live out the true potentiality of human beings is to accept the limitation of Qi but try to grasp the eternal Li through the observation of the movements of Qi. / published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 53 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-52).

Ingeniero Civil en Computación / Los ambientes de desarrollo, o IDE por su sigla en inglés, representan una ayuda fundamental para el programador. La mayoría de estos ambientes suelen integrar un sin fin de herramientas para facilitar el trabajo, como son el reporte estático de errores y los asistentes de autocompletado de código. Dentro de los ambientes de desarrollo disponibles para Java, Eclipse destaca por ser uno de los ambientes más completos. Eclipse, al igual que muchos entornos de desarrollo, cuenta con alertas de error en tiempo de compilación, alertas que permiten que el programador no incurra en errores por omisión de código. En la actualidad es frecuente el uso de metodologías ágiles para el desarrollo de aplicaciones. Dentro de estas metodologías destacan las técnicas orientadas al buen diseño, como son el Desarrollo Guiado por Pruebas (o TDD) y la programación Top-Down, técnicas en las cuales se definen las interfaces mediante las que se utiliza el código de manera previa a la implementación real del funcionamiento. Estas técnicas permiten reducir la tasa de error del código generado al estar enfocado primero en el objetivo (¿Qué funcionalidad provee?,¿Cómo se usa?) y luego en la implementación (¿Cómo realizar dicha funcionalidad?). Desgraciadamente, la programación Top-Down y TDD no están soportadas de manera adecuada en los IDE cotidianos, como Eclipse, puesto que el reporte de errores estático suele interferir fuertemente con la estructuración de código previa a su implementación, reportando al usuario muchos errores de los cuales está perfectamente consciente y que no aportan, errores del estilo dicha entidad no existe''. Estos errores además oscurecen o deshabilitan por completo el reporte de otros errores que sí son de interés para el programador, como lo es el uso inconsistente de una interfaz. Durante el transcurso de esta memoria se continuo el desarrollo de un plug-in para Eclipse, llamado Ghosts, que se encarga de atacar esta problemática, entregando un ambiente preparado para el uso de técnicas que requieren pensar primero en la interfaz y luego en la implementación. Este plug-in está basado en la noción de detectar aquellas entidades no definidas en el código y ordenar correctamente la información contextual que se puede recabar de ellas, utilizando únicamente el código provisto por el programador. Además de su desarrollo, el presente trabajo concluye con una versión que soluciona parcialmente el problema, dejando de lado exclusivamente las características más modernas del lenguaje Java, y se presentan las posibles alternativas de extensión y sus ventajas comparativas de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos.

WORLDEATER is a collection of poetry exploring the intersections of ghosts, familial trauma, queerness, and constructing one's own mythology.

Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006. / Title from title screen. Marilynn Richtarik, committee chair; Calvin Thomas, Margaret Mills Harper, committee members. Electronic text (84 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 17, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-84).

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Bibliography: leaves 271-294.

Abstract A Study about the culture of gods and ghosts in Taiwanese Proverbs Taiwanese proverbs are the essence of ancestors¡¦ wisdom and experiences. Because of speaking and listening these proverbs, we can preserve them. As we know, the proverb is part of folk literature, mass literature, and it is one of the ways people show their emotions and knowledge. So, undoubtedly, the proverbs demonstrate all kinds of experiences and thoughts. The belief in gods and ghosts plays a very important role in folk religion in Taiwan. We can say that the belief in gods and ghosts is the root of folk religion. All concepts and ceremonies of Taiwanese folk religion are based on the belief in gods and ghosts. This study discusses the religious culture of Taiwanese proverbs, and it is based on the belief in gods and ghosts. So this study is entitled ¡§A Study about the culture of gods and ghosts in Taiwanese Proverbs¡¨. The first chapter is the introduction, and the second chapter talks about the belief in ghosts of Taiwanese proverbs. The third chapter discusses the belief in gods of Taiwanese proverbs. The fourth chapter is the conclusion. In the end of this study, there are about 450 Taiwanese religious proverbs as the index, including Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, ghosts, gods, and the decree of fate and so on. I hope these proverbs present the contribution for the searchers having interest in this topic.

No description available.

Inaug.-diss.--Marburg. / Lebenslauf. "Literaturverzeichnis": 3d preliminary leaf.

This thesis analyses perceptions of ghosts in Scotland, with particular focus on the period from 1685 to c. 1830. According to traditional wisdom, this was a time when society was becoming progressively more rational, with magical beliefs melting away under the glare of Enlightenment scholarship. However, this thesis argues that ghosts actually rose to a new cultural prominence in this period, to the extent that Scotland came to be characterised as a haunted nation. The first chapter provides context, sketching attitudes towards ghosts from the Middle Ages to the late seventeenth century. It shows how ghosts were sidelined because of their questionable theological status, especially after the Reformation. The second chapter explores late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century attempts to reincorporate ghosts into Protestant society by converting them into religious propagandists. This endeavour was not only theologically problematic, but also came to be criticised on scientific grounds. Chapter three traces the evolution of sceptical and satirical depictions of ghosts, as well as discussing the debates that sprang up in the late eighteenth century as ghosts increasingly became an interesting object of enquiry. Under the pens of physicians and philosophers a medicalised vision of the ghost became widely influential. Literary works drew upon this interpretation, but also used gothic motifs to re-invest ghosts with horror. The fourth chapter discusses this theme, before exploring how romantic literature and folklore popularised a picturesque ghost that became entangled with conceptions of national identity. Finally, chapter five analyses the place of ghosts within popular culture. It uses ballads, cheap print and folklorists’ accounts to assess how and why ghosts remained important to the ordinary Scottish folk. The thesis as a whole shows how the ghost’s identity splintered in response to changing cultural contexts, allowing ghosts to take on new roles in Scottish society. This in turn reflects on broader questions of religious change, interactions between popular and elite culture, the formation of national identity and the legacy of the Enlightenment.