As sementes do gênero Brachiaria apresentam desuniformidade de maturação, degrana natural e dormência, causando problemas para a colheita e estabelecimento de estande uniforme de plantas em campo; a desuniformidade de maturação acarreta a produção de sementes com grau de dormência diferenciado. Por outro lado, o condicionamento fisiológico é uma opção interessante para uniformizar o processo germinativo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar os efeitos do condicionamento fisiológico com bioestimulantes, em sementes de Brachiaria humidicola colhidas de diferentes maneiras, armazenadas sob diferentes condições de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, procurando, também, identificar a possível superação da dormência e verificar a atividade enzimática das sementes durante esse período. As sementes foram obtidas mediante dois procedimentos de colheita: a) sementes colhidas das inflorescências inteiras e b) sementes caídas ao solo. Após a colheita foi realizada a escarificação com H2SO4, obtendo sementes sem escarificação e escarificadas de cada procedimento de colheita. Foram realizados cinco tratamentos nas sementes escarificadas ou não, para os dois procedimentos de colheita: 1- sem condicionamento e papel umedecido com água; 2- sem condicionamento e papel umedecido com KNO3; 3- biocondicionamento com 24-EpiBL, na concentração de 10-8 M; 4- biocondicionamento com GA3, na concentração de 10-4 M e 5- biocondicionamento com 24-EpiBL + GA3, nas concentrações de 10-8 e 10-4 M, respectivamente. Após os tratamentos as sementes foram armazenadas em câmara fria e seca e ambiente natural e realizadas avaliações em quatro épocas (zero, três, seis e nove meses de armazenamento), mediante os testes de germinação e vigor (primeira contagem, velocidade de germinação e, análise computadorizada de imagens de plântulas - SVIS®) e emergência de plântulas, além da determinação da atividade das enzimas α-amilase e polifenoloxidase no início e aos nove meses de armazenamento. Os resultados indicam que o armazenamento das sementes de Brachiaria humidicola, em câmara fria e seca reduz a porcentagem de sementes dormentes; o biocondicionamento com ácido giberélico e 24-EpiBL + ácido giberélico, favorece a velocidade de germinação e o crescimento de plântulas; o condicionamento fisiológico com ácido giberélico isolado ou combinado com 24-epibrassinolídeo, é vantajoso para sementes de Brachiaria humidicola, armazenadas em câmara fria e seca ou ambiente natural e, a atividade da enzima α-amilase aumenta e da polifenoloxidase diminui à medida que a dormência das sementes de Brachiaria é superada durante o armazenamento. / Seeds from the genus Brachiaria present uneven maturation, natural threshing and dormancy, leading to issues during harvest and in the establishment of a uniform plant stand; the uneven maturation entails to the production of seeds with different degrees of dormancy. On the other hand, physiological priming is an interesting option to uniform the germination process. The aim of this research was to verify the effects of physiological priming with biostimulants, on seeds of Brachiaria humidicola harvested by different methods, stored under different conditions of temperature and air relative humidity, also looking to identify the possibility of dormancy breakage and verify seed enzymatic activity during this period. Seeds were obtained through two harvest procedures: a) seeds harvested from whole inflorescences and b) dropped seeds on the ground. After harvest, scarification was performed with H2SO4, obtaining seeds with or without scarification for each harvest procedure. Five treatments were performed on seeds scarified or not, for the two harvest procedures: 1- without priming and paper moistened with water; 2- without priming and paper moistened with KNO3; 3- Bio-priming with 24-EpiBL, in the concentration of 10-8 M; 4- Bio-priming with GA3, in the concentration of 10-4 M and bio-priming with 24-EpiBL + GA3, in the concentrations of 10-8 and 10-4 M, respectively. After treatment seeds were stored in a dry cold chamber and natural environment and evaluations were performed on four periods (zero, three, six and nine months of storage), through germination and vigor tests (first count of germination, speed of germination, computerized image analysis of seedlings - SVIS® and seedling emergence), besides the determination of the activity of the α-amylase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes at the beginning and at the ninth month of storage. The results indicate that the storage of Brachiaria humidicola seeds, in a dry cold chamber reduces the percentage of dormant seeds; bio-priming with 24-EpiBL + gibberellic acid accelerates germination and favors seedling growth; the physiological priming with gibberellic acid alone or combined with 24-epibrassinolide is advantageous for Brachiaria humidicola seeds, stored in dry cold chambers or natural environments and, the activity of the α-amylase enzyme increases and of the polyphenol oxidase decreases as the dormancy of Brachiaria seeds is broken during storage.

O amadurecimento é uma etapa exclusiva do estágio de desenvolvimento dos frutos, que envolve uma série de transformações metabólicas a partir de diferentes fontes de energia. Ele é mediado por um dinâmico complexo enzimático, resultando em síntese/degradação e conversão de compostos que tornarão o fruto aceitável para o consumo. Dependendo do tipo de fruto, essa fonte de energia pode ser na forma de ácidos orgânicos, sacarose vinda da própria planta e na forma de amido. A banana (Musa acuminata) é uma fruta de comportamento climatérico que utiliza como principal fonte de carbono o amido, que é reduzido durante o climatério de teores que variam de 12 a 20% a menos de 1 %. Concomitante à esta degradação, o teor de sacarose pode atingir até 15%, dependendo da cultivar. O ácido giberélico (GA3) é um fitohormônio da família das giberelinas que tem sido muito estudado em cereais por aumentar a transcrição gênica das α-amilase. Em frutos, ele é responsável por manter a textura firme e o teor de sólidos solúveis, e atrasar o amadurecimento. Ao estudar a influência do GA3 no metabolismo amido-sacarose em fatias de banana, observou-se neste trabalho que o fitohormônio não alterou o pico respiratório nem a síntese de etileno. Entretanto, atrasou a degradação do amido e o acúmulo de açúcares solúveis por três dias. Este atraso foi acompanhado pela diminuição/atraso na atividade das enzimas que degradam o amido e sintetizam sacarose, α e β-amilase e sacarose fosfato sintase, respectivamente, sendo que não foi observada uma diferença no aumento de expressão gênica da sacarose fosfato sintase e das fosforilases. / The ripening is an exclusive stage of fruit development, that involves a serie of metabolic transformation from different energy source. It is mediated by a dynamic enzymatic complex, resulting in formation/degradation of different coumpouds that will render fruit acceptable for the consumption. Depending on the type of fruit, this energy source can be in the form of organic acid, sucrose of the plant or starch. Banana (Musa acuminata) is a climateric fruit that uses starch as main carbon source, which is reduced during banana ripening of levels that vary from 12 to 20% to less than 1 %. Concomitant to the this degradation, the levels of sucrose can reach up to 15%, depending of the cultivar. The gibberellic acid, GA3-mediated is a plant growth regulation of the giberellins family, that has been studied in cereals because of their enhancing effect of gene expression of αamylase. In fruits, it is responsible for keeping the texture firm and the soluble solid levels, and delaying the ripening. The influence of the GA3 in the starch-sucrose metabolism in banana slices, were observed. That the phytohormone did not modify the respiratory peak nor the synthesis of ethylene. However, it delayed the starch degradation and the soluble sugars accumulation for about three days. This delay was followed by decrease and/or delay in the activity of the enzymes related to starch degradation: the α and β-amylases; and sucrose synthesis the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). However, was not observed a difference in the increase of gene expression of SPS and phosphorilase

The effects of polyamines, indole-3-acetic acid ( IAA ) and gibberellic acid ( GA3 ) on root elongation in radish ( Raphanus sativus L. cv. Luh Chin ) were studied. Incubation of radish seedlings in spermine or spermidine at 0.01 mM for 1hour, and then transferred to deionized water for 24 hours at 25¢J in the dark promoted root elongation as compared with concentration at 0.1 or 2 mM. When roots were treated with spermine or spermidine at 1 mM for 5 minutes, and then transferred to deionized water for 24 hours, root length increased significantly compared with controls. However, root length reduced gradually with increasing treatment times. Putrescine did not affect root elongation when treated in the same manner as spermine or spermidine. Exogenous spermidine synthesis inhibitor ( cyclohexylamine ) at 0.01, 0.1, 1 or 2 mM to the roots inhibited root elongation. The inhibition of root elongation was parallel to cyclohexylamine doses. Root length increased when spermine at 1 mM plus IAA at 10¡Â¹ ¡Ñ 6 nM was applied for 1 hour, and then transferred to deionized water for 24 hours compared with spermine at 1 mM plus IAA 10¡Â² or 1¡Ñ 6 nM. Root length was longer when treated with spermidine at 1 mM plus IAA at 10¡Â²¡Ñ 6 nM than at 10¡Â¹ or 1¡Ñ 6 nM. Root treated with spermine at 1 mM plus GA3 at 10¡Â²¡Ñ3 £gM Resulted in a longer root than treated with spermine at 1 mM plus GA3 at 10¡Â¹ or 1¡Ñ 3 £gM. Roots treated with spermidine at 1 mM plus GA3 at 10¡Â²¡Ñ3 £gM promoted root elongation. However, any treatments of spermine or spermidine in combination with IAA or GA3 significantly reduced the root length when compared with controls. Furthermore, either IAA or GA3 could not restore the inhibitory effects of root elongation caused by spermine or spermidine treatment at 1 mM for 1 hour and then transferred to deionized water for 24 hours. Endogenous spermidine and spermine contents after exogenous spermine plus GA3 treatment increased by increasing GA3 concentrations. But endogenous spermidine and spermine contents was the least in spermine 1 mM plus IAA 10¡Â¹ ¡Ñ 6 nM treatment. However, endogenous spermidine contents after exogenous spermidine plus IAA or GA3 application reduced significantly when compared with controls. But there is no significant difference of spermidine content between different exogenous IAA doses. In contrast, spermidine content maintained at a high level in spermidine at 1 mM plus GA3 at 10¡Â²¡Ñ3 £gM as compared with other spermidine plus GA3 combinations. However, endogenous spermine contents were not affected by exogenous spermidine plus IAA or GA3.

No description available.

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xvii, 255 leaves : photos, tables, graphs ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Physiology, 1979

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.