The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of teachers in rural locales towards giftedness and gifted education. Gagné and Nadeau’s (1991) Opinions About the Gifted and Their Education was used as the survey instrument. A total of 78 teachers from four public school districts in Kentucky classified as rural participated in the study. The respondents indicated slightly positive attitudes toward the need for specialized instruction for gifted students and the social value of giftedness but slightly negative mindsets towards acceleration. These results as a whole mirrored the findings of several previous studies utilizing the same survey instrument. However, individual teacher’s attitudes varied widely, with some very negative responses and some more positive, rendering the results determined using averaged scores from the full sample a somewhat inaccurate indicator of broad-scope, overall teacher mindset towards gifted education. When comparing the attitudes towards acceleration of teachers who had graduated from the district in which they teach to those who graduated from a district outside of where they teach, a significantly more negative attitude was indicated in teachers who remained within their home districts. Further study is recommended to determine if this could be an influence of more traditional and anti-intellectual mindsets often found in rural communities and if it has any effect on the quality of services and programming opportunities available to gifted students in rural locales.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (Autism Spectrum Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by impairment to social communication adjoined by the presence of rigidity, restricted interests, and/or repetitive behaviors. Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder recently shifted from a series of pervasive developmental disorders recognized in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) to a single, comprehensive diagnosis in the 5th edition of the same manual (DSM-5; APA, 2013). To evaluate the appropriateness in this shift in diagnostic practice, the current study evaluates the consistency in symptom presentation amongst the previous DSM-IV-TR diagnoses. Additionally, this study identifies several novel considerations for Autism Spectrum Disorder symptom presentation in high ability youth. Thus, the current study addresses broad considerations for discrete versus continuous symptom presentation in Autism Spectrum Disorder, as well as contributes to the limited literature addressing Autism Spectrum Disorder symptom presentation features in high ability youth. A review of literature on theory, conceptualization, and assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder is provided, as well as a review of relevant literature for high ability youth diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Progression of Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis is discussed, with emphasis upon the current debate regarding shifts from utilization of many diagnoses to a single, comprehensive diagnosis. Next, unique challenges associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder in high ability youth are identified, including current conceptualization, assessment, and treatment considerations. Due to identified gaps in consistent understanding of Autism Spectrum Disorder presentation, including Autism Spectrum Disorder in high ability youth, the author conducted two complementary studies. The first of these studies evaluated consistency in parent ratings on Autism Spectrum Disorder screening tools across previously used diagnostic labels (i.e., Autistic Disorder (AD), Asperger's Syndrome (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)) now subsumed under Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5. The second study analyzed Autism Spectrum Disorder symptoms reported by parents of high ability youth. Data collection for this latter study included a novel research measure intended for identifying symptoms associated with high ability Autism Spectrum Disorder. Items on this form were derived through a card sort of items included in current symptom screening tools completed by content area experts. Additionally, this novel research measure included an open-ended item for parents of high ability youth to report additional symptoms. Results from the first study suggest that parents of children diagnosed with AD, AS, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified do not differentially report symptoms on two current Autism Spectrum Disorder screening tools: (1) The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS; Constantino & Gruber, 2005) and (2) the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ; Ehlers, Gillberg, & Wing, 1999). Results from the second study provide evidence of parental perceptions of several nuances in symptom presentation associated with high ability youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Specifically, parents frequently endorsed impairment in development and maintenance of social relationships; however, insight into these weaknesses was not consistently reported as impaired. Additionally, restricted interests were acknowledged, with some parents identifying academic or pseudo-academic subjects as common areas of interest. The collective findings from these studies provide evidence of broad consistency in Autism Spectrum Disorder symptom presentation across previously used diagnoses, yet also unique symptom features for high ability youth. Implications for education, clinical practice, and research in both Autism Spectrum Disorder and twice-exceptionality are discussed.

<p>The current project is the first study to investigate the competence of academically gifted youth across multiple dimensions of the peer system. To date, there is no comprehensive examination of the social functioning of gifted youth, severely limiting what is known about the overall social world of gifted youth and the extent to which the subset of gifted youth with peer problems experience the same adjustment difficulties related to negative peer interactions. By examining how aspects of sociometric status, friendship and social network centrality relate to a myriad of outcome variables, the current study permits a comprehensive investigation of the risk profile associated with problematic peer relations among gifted youth within the adjustment domains (behavioral, academic and psychological functioning). Participants included 327 adolescents, 149 identified as gifted, who were initially assessed in the 7th grade and were then reassessed 2 years later. </p><p>Consistent with prior research, findings from the current student provided evidence that academic giftedness was generally associated with more positive peer relations as well as more positive functioning across behavioral, academic and adjustment domains when compared to non-gifted adolescents. However, findings from the current study did not find evidence suggesting that gifted youth experience significantly less peer problems than their non-gifted peers. As such, the current study substantiates predictions that there are indeed subgroups of gifted youth who experience peer problems and they were found to be similarly at risk as non-gifted adolescents with peer problems regarding negative behavioral, academic and psychological adjustment. However, the most alarming finding revealed that the negative effects of being rejected were more pronounced for gifted students, who were the most victimized students in the entire sample, even more than non-gifted peers who were rejected. Findings from the current study highlight the complexity of the social world of gifted adolescents and underscore the importance for future research to continue examining the social difficulties of gifted youth. Limitations and implications of these results are discussed.</p> / Dissertation

Enligt Skollagen ska skolledaren leda den pedagogiska verksamheten. Den här studien utreder hur fyra skolledare arbetar för att främja matematiskt begåvade elever. Studien utreder vidare om de fyra skolorna har en gemensam strategi för att identifiera matematiskt begåvade elever. Studien utreder dessutom om det finns en gemensam strategi på varje skola för att stimulera de eleverna med vidareutvecklande arbetsmetoder. Rektorerna får även ta ställning till en handlingsplan för särbegåvade elever som SKL (Sveriges kommuner och landsting) har tagit fram i samarbete med sju av Sveriges kommuner. Det som framkommer i resultat och analys är att ingen av de intervjuade rektorerna har en klar bild av hur de identifierar matematiskt begåvade elever. Tre rektorer nämner intellektuella förmågor och en rektor pratar om höga betyg. Alla fyra rektorer förespråkar främjandet av matematiskt begåvade elever och har lämnat det största ansvaret till pedagogerna. Dock framkommer i studien att rektorerna är osäkra på att skolan klarar av att leva upp till främjandet av begåvade elever och önskar dessutom ett mer utvecklat arbete med de här eleverna i framtida skola. Ingen utav de fyra skolorna i studien har en gemensam strategi för hur de identifierar matematisk begåvning och inte heller en gemensam arbetsmetod för att stimulera dessa elever. Skolorna använder dock den enskilde läraren, specialpedagoger, tester, matematikgrupper samt nivågruppering, för att identifiera samt stimulera matematiskt begåvade elever. Studien visar att brister i det pedagogiska ledarskapet ofta rör sig om okunskap, tidspress samt om en ekonomisk aspekt, något som rektor själv ofta inte styr över. / According to the Education Act, school leaders should lead the educational activities. This study investigates how four school leaders working to promote mathematically gifted students. The study also investigates if those four schools are having a common strategy to identify mathematically gifted students and if there is a common strategy at each school to encourage the students toward further development using stimulating work methods. Principals also get to see an action for gifted students that SKL (Sveriges kommuner och landsting) has developed in cooperation with seven of Sweden's municipalities. What shows in the results and analysis is that none of the interviewed principals have a clear picture of how they identify mathematically gifted students. Three principals mentioned abilities and one principal talks about good grades. All four principals advocating the promotion of mathematically gifted students and has left the biggest responsibility for the teacher. It also shows in the study that the principals are unsure that the school is even able to live up to the promotion of gifted students and wishes for a more developed method of working with these students in the future. None of the four schools in the study have a common approach to how they identify mathematical talent and no united method for stimulating these students. However, schools do use the individual teacher, special education teachers, tests, math groups and level group, to identify and stimulate mathematically gifted students. The study also shows that shortcomings in educational leadership has often been due to many reasons, such as: lack of knowledge, time pressure and an economic aspect, something that the principals often don’t control by him or herself.

Whereas conceptions of giftedness, assessment tools, and models espoused in contemporary psychology are all grounded in the West, there are different ways to look at giftedness. This study investigated Shona culture of Zimbabwe’s conceptions of giftedness with a view to generate theoretical ideas that inform gifted programming from an African cultural perspective. The study was conducted at two levels using different research designs: a) a cultural level seeking to highlight Shona culture’s implicit theories of giftedness and b) an individual level seeking to understand Shona artists’ talent attributions. At the first level, Shona culture’s implicit theories of giftedness were explored by a questionnaire completed by 16 Zimbabwean academics of Shona cultural background. Data were analyzed in thematic frames, using frequency tables to gauge a consensus of responses among the respondents. The second study adopted a grounded theory study approach to generate a mid-range theory of Shona stone sculptors’ talent attributions focusing on how they propel a field of art. Participants in the study were 20 top talented Shona stone sculptors (icons of creative works in Zimbabwe). The Shona model of giftedness that emerged is spiritual, participatory and community focused. The grounded theory generated in the study suggested a dynamic interactive process model (DIPM) which explains how artists’ talent attributions help to propel a field of art. The DIPM posits that creativity emerges from dynamic and interactive processes activated or reactivated (by some trigger stimulus) in interactions evoking one’s unique experiences, cultural consciousness and domain specific consciousness and realized through practice and experience. In the DIPM model, creative vision and inspiration in art evolve from the interplay of six major factors which are not necessarily discrete: a) inherent/inborn potential, b) cultural consciousness, c) individual’s unique experiences, d) activation/reactivation stimulus, e) domain specific consciousness, and f) practice and experience. The DIPM model is based on beliefs systems as the magic carpets by which the artists ascend into the unknown to unleash their creativity. The study suggests that belief systems could become an interesting focus for future studies to understand creativity. The study makes a case for diversity sensitivity in gifted programming.

Whereas conceptions of giftedness, assessment tools, and models espoused in contemporary psychology are all grounded in the West, there are different ways to look at giftedness. This study investigated Shona culture of Zimbabwe’s conceptions of giftedness with a view to generate theoretical ideas that inform gifted programming from an African cultural perspective. The study was conducted at two levels using different research designs: a) a cultural level seeking to highlight Shona culture’s implicit theories of giftedness and b) an individual level seeking to understand Shona artists’ talent attributions. At the first level, Shona culture’s implicit theories of giftedness were explored by a questionnaire completed by 16 Zimbabwean academics of Shona cultural background. Data were analyzed in thematic frames, using frequency tables to gauge a consensus of responses among the respondents. The second study adopted a grounded theory study approach to generate a mid-range theory of Shona stone sculptors’ talent attributions focusing on how they propel a field of art. Participants in the study were 20 top talented Shona stone sculptors (icons of creative works in Zimbabwe). The Shona model of giftedness that emerged is spiritual, participatory and community focused. The grounded theory generated in the study suggested a dynamic interactive process model (DIPM) which explains how artists’ talent attributions help to propel a field of art. The DIPM posits that creativity emerges from dynamic and interactive processes activated or reactivated (by some trigger stimulus) in interactions evoking one’s unique experiences, cultural consciousness and domain specific consciousness and realized through practice and experience. In the DIPM model, creative vision and inspiration in art evolve from the interplay of six major factors which are not necessarily discrete: a) inherent/inborn potential, b) cultural consciousness, c) individual’s unique experiences, d) activation/reactivation stimulus, e) domain specific consciousness, and f) practice and experience. The DIPM model is based on beliefs systems as the magic carpets by which the artists ascend into the unknown to unleash their creativity. The study suggests that belief systems could become an interesting focus for future studies to understand creativity. The study makes a case for diversity sensitivity in gifted programming.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 moraes_lap_me_mar.pdf: 7495311 bytes, checksum: 5204b47408b33935ede8150ba5ca645b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A proposta desta pesquisa é apresentar aos estudantes com comportamento de superdotação, participantes, dois jogos como instrumento para identificar a presença dos três anéis de Renzulli (1986; 2014), com ênfase no anel da criatividade, observando podem impactar no desenvolvimento de suas habilidades sociais, escolares e em seu processo de ensino. para o presente estudo, utilizamos o jogo eletrônico Minecraft e o RPG GURPS – Módulo Básico.o estudo contou com a participação de estudantes que frequentam regularmente o programa de atenção ao aluno precoce com comportamento de superdotação (PAPCS), no qual foi coletada parte dos dados da pesquisa na forma de oficinas realizadas durante 2017. Essas atividades tiveram como objetivo investigar também, o grau de comprometimento com a tarefa, e a eficiência do uso das potencialidades dos jogos pensados. esta pesquisa apresenta discussões sobre as relações entre a superdotação, criatividade e jogos, visando a contribuição desses elementos tal discussão. Denotamos, através de uma revisão bibliográfica, a carência de produções científicas sobre o tema. Como resultados, compreendemos que o Minecraft, enquanto instrumento de apoio para o enriquecimento pode ser considerado como uma ferramenta promissora, mas que ainda carece de mais investigação científica, enquanto o RPG foi notado como uma importante ferramenta estimuladora de ações criativas e de comprometimento com a tarefa. Apesar de as pesquisas sobre estudantes superdotados estarem crescendo no Brasil, acreditamos que ainda há muito a ser feito, especialmente em relação a trabalhos que sejam elaborados a partir do interesse destes, visando seu enriquecimento, e nesse sentido, no que diz respeito à utilização de jogos, as produções científicas na área ainda são escassas. / The proposal of this research is to present to students with gifted behavior, participants of the survey, two games as an instrument to identify the presence of the three rings of Renzulli (1986, 2014), with emphasis on the ring of creativity, observing how they can impact the development of their social skills, school and in their teaching process. For the present study, we use the electronic game, Minecraft and the RPG GURPS – Basic Set. The study counted on the participation of students who regularly attend the Program of Attention to the Precocious student With Gifted Behavior (PAPCS), in which part of the research data was collected in the form of workshops held during 2017. These activities had the objective to investigate also , the degree of commitment to the task, and the efficiency of the use of the potentialities of the games considered. We present discussions about the relationships between giftedness, creativity and games, aiming at the contribution of these elements to this discussion. We denote, through a bibliographical review, the lack of scientific productions on the subject. As a result, we understand that minecraft, as a support tool for enrichment, can be considered as a promising tool, but still requires more scientific research, while RPG has been perceived as an important stimulating tool for creative actions and commitment to assignment. Although research on gifted students is growing in Brazil, we believe that there is still a lot to be done, especially in relation to works that are elaborated based on their interest, aiming at their enrichment, and in this sense, regarding the use of games, the scientific productions in the area are still scarce. / CAPES: 1588899

Definitions about giftedness and talent involving motivation as a significant variable either in the genesis of giftedness or in the development of intellectual talent are analyzed. An analysis on the influence of motivation in successful achievers, underachievers, as well as in the socialemotional development of the gifted is presented. An update view of the goals achieved by Peru as a country, as well as the actual challenges that faces Peru in the development of giftedness and talent in multicultural and poverty conditions, at the conceptualization, identification, and program levels are presented. Moreover, an economic and viable project of advocacy on the development of giftedness in Peru within the regular educational system along Elementary, Secondary and College level is presented. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for the development of state policies in order to promote giftedness in Peru are presented. / Se analizan las definiciones actuales sobre el talento y la sobredotación, con énfasis en la variable motivación, presentándose diferentes posturas sobre la influencia de la motivación en la génesis de la sobredotación y en el desarrollo del talento. Posteriormente se analiza la influencia de la motivación en el desempeño sobresaliente, en el bajo rendimiento, así como en el desarrollo socioemocional del sobredotado. Se presenta una visión panorámica de los logros y desafíos del Perú en el desarrollo del talento y la sobredotación, a nivel de conceptualización, identificación e intervención en contextos multiculturales y de pobreza. Se propone un proyecto económico y viable de fomento al desarrollo del talento en el Perú dentro del sistema educativo regular, a lo largo de los tres niveles educativos: primaria, secundaria y terciaria. Finalmente, se incluyen conclusiones y recomendaciones para el desarrollo de políticas de estado de fomento al talento en el Perú.

Traditional methods of schooling can fail to bring about schools as places for developing the broadest and richest experiences for creating talent in the young. The field of gifted education has put forward many innovations that have become mainstays of the American educational system. The Schoolwide Enrichment Model comprises strategies for increasing student effort, enjoyment, and performance, and for integrating a range of advanced-level learning experiences and thinking skills into all curricular areas. Every school has students within it who possess the highest potential for advanced-level learning, creative problem solving, and the motivation to pursue rigorous and rewarding work. Rather than being sources for the acquisition of information, schools should be places for developing the talents of all students. / Los métodos tradicionales de escolaridad pueden llevar al fracaso la intención de hacer de los colegios lugares de desarrollo de experiencias enriquecedoras para el talento creativo de los jóvenes. El campo de la educación para el sobredotado ha formulado numerosas innovaciones que se han constituido en pilares del sistema educativo en EE. UU. El Modelo de Enriquecimiento Escolar comprende estrategias para incrementar el esfuerzo del estudiante, su gozo y desempeño, así como para integrar un rango de experiencias de aprendizaje de nivel avanzado, junto con destrezas de pensamiento, en todas las áreas curriculares. Cada colegio tiene estudiantes que poseen elevado potencial para el aprendizaje en niveles avanzados, la solución de problemas creativos y la motivación para seguir un trabajo de excelencia y rigor. Más que fuentes de adquisición de información, los colegios deben ser lugares para el desarrollo de talentos en todos sus estudiantes.

Whereas conceptions of giftedness, assessment tools, and models espoused in contemporary psychology are all grounded in the West, there are different ways to look at giftedness. This study investigated Shona culture of Zimbabwe’s conceptions of giftedness with a view to generate theoretical ideas that inform gifted programming from an African cultural perspective. The study was conducted at two levels using different research designs: a) a cultural level seeking to highlight Shona culture’s implicit theories of giftedness and b) an individual level seeking to understand Shona artists’ talent attributions. At the first level, Shona culture’s implicit theories of giftedness were explored by a questionnaire completed by 16 Zimbabwean academics of Shona cultural background. Data were analyzed in thematic frames, using frequency tables to gauge a consensus of responses among the respondents. The second study adopted a grounded theory study approach to generate a mid-range theory of Shona stone sculptors’ talent attributions focusing on how they propel a field of art. Participants in the study were 20 top talented Shona stone sculptors (icons of creative works in Zimbabwe). The Shona model of giftedness that emerged is spiritual, participatory and community focused. The grounded theory generated in the study suggested a dynamic interactive process model (DIPM) which explains how artists’ talent attributions help to propel a field of art. The DIPM posits that creativity emerges from dynamic and interactive processes activated or reactivated (by some trigger stimulus) in interactions evoking one’s unique experiences, cultural consciousness and domain specific consciousness and realized through practice and experience. In the DIPM model, creative vision and inspiration in art evolve from the interplay of six major factors which are not necessarily discrete: a) inherent/inborn potential, b) cultural consciousness, c) individual’s unique experiences, d) activation/reactivation stimulus, e) domain specific consciousness, and f) practice and experience. The DIPM model is based on beliefs systems as the magic carpets by which the artists ascend into the unknown to unleash their creativity. The study suggests that belief systems could become an interesting focus for future studies to understand creativity. The study makes a case for diversity sensitivity in gifted programming. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate