Les matelas fibreux à base de fibres de verre produits par voie humide ont des applications industrielles en tant que séparateur de batterie et matériaux d’isolation (cœur de panneaux d’isolation sous vide). Ces matériaux utilisent principalement des fibres submicroniques, relativement chères et pouvant présenter des risques pour la santé. Ce projet est une contribution à l'élaboration d'un procédé de fabrication par voie humide de matelas de fibres de verre visant à valoriser des fibres plus grossières, le produit final devant respecter un cahier des charges précis. Nous avons été amenés à étudier le comportement des fibres de verre dans les différentes étapes du procédé et à caractériser les matelas résultants. Nous nous sommes intéressés en particulier au comportement physico-chimique des suspensions aqueuses de fibres de verre. Nous avons caractérisé les propriétés de contexture, la résistance mécanique en traction, la compressibilité et la conductivité thermique des matelas fibreux. Les travaux expérimentaux nous ont permis de proposer une formulation de la composition optimisée et des conditions opératoires du procédé afin que le matelas final soit conforme au cahier des charges. Cette nouvelle composition intègre des fibres de renfort en faible quantité. Elle permet d’améliorer les caractéristiques mécaniques sans affecter les autres propriétés.Enfin, nous avons quantifié les coûts de production et les avons comparés à ceux du procédé actuellement utilisé avec des fibres grossières (production par voie sèche).Mots-clés : Génie papetier, physico-chimie, milieu poreux, fibres de verre, caractérisation. / Glass fibre - based mats produced by a wetlaid process have industrial applications as a battery separator and insulation materials (core of vacuum insulation panels). These materials are mainly made with sub-micron fibres which relatively expensive and can present a risk to health. This project is a contribution to the production of glass fibre-based mats by a wet-laid process to add value to coarser fibres, the final product should respect precise specifications. We have been led to study the behavior of glass fibers in different stages of the process and to characterize the resulting mats. We investigated especially the physico-chemical behavior of aqueous suspensions of glass fiber. We have characterized structure properties, the mechanical resistance to traction, the compressibility and the thermal conductivity of fibrous mats. The experimental work has allowed us to give a formulation of the optimized composition and operational conditions of the process so that the final mattress conforms to the specifications. This new composition includes reinforcement fibres in small quantities. It allows improving the mechanical characteristics without affecting the other properties. Finally, we quantified the production costs and compared them to those of the process currently used with coarse fiber (dry-laid production).Keywords: Paper engineering, physical chemistry, porous media, glass fibre, characterization.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mold temperature, initial resin temperature, and the vacuum, applied at resin exit ports, on the mechanical properties of epoxy matrix woven glasss fiber reinforced composite specimens produced by Resin Transfer Molding (RTM). For this purpose, six different mold temperatures (25&ordm / , 40&ordm / , 60&ordm / , 80&ordm / , 100&ordm / , and 120&ordm / C), two initial resin temperatures (15&ordm / and 28&ordm / C), and vacuum (0.03 bar) and without vacuum (~1 bar) conditions were used. Specimens were characterized by using ultrasonic (C-Scan) inspection, mechanical tests (Tensile, Flexural, Impact), thermal analyses (Ignition Loss, TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was generally observed that mechanical properties of the specimens produced with a mold temperature of 60&ordm / C were the best (e.g. 16%, 43%, and 26% higher tensile strength, Charpy impact toughness and flexural strength values, respectively). When vacuum was not applied, the percentage of &ldquo / voids&rdquo / increased leading to a decrease in mechanical properties such as 26% in Charpy impact toughness and 5% in tensile and flexural strength. Lower initial resin temperature also decreased mechanical properties (e.g. 14% in tensile strenght and 18% in Charpy impact toughness).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1961. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-162).

Low profile additives (LPA) are thermoplastics that are incorporated to unsaturated polyester (UP) resins in order to improve the surface finish of UP/fibreglass composites, widely used in automotive applications. The effect of using LPA on the thermo-mechanical properties of resin transfer moulded UP/fibreglass composites is investigated. The flexural and shear properties are measured by three-point bending tests. The trend of these mechanical properties is identified for 0% to 40% LPA content. All the mechanical properties like flexural strength, flexural modulus and short beam strength reduce upon addition of LPA. The specimens fail by tension in the flexural test and show a mixed shear/tension failure mode in case of short beam tests. From scanning electron microscopy, morphological change of the fractured surface is observed with an LPA-rich phase. Glass transition temperature (Tg) measured by thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) show reproducible data and compare well with each other. Tg is improved by LPA addition due to the development of a more compatible system compared to neat resin. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is also performed to detect Tg, which gives unreliable results.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 21, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-72).

Orientadores: Rosa Cristina Cecche Lintz, Marco Antonio Carnio / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T15:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vaz_VivianeVisnardi_M.pdf: 4951532 bytes, checksum: 5513fc36c7d951f9241a2649baca2fcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O concreto possui propriedades estruturais desejáveis como a resistência à compressão elevada, a rigidez e a durabilidade, mas, ao mesmo tempo, apresenta algumas limitações, como a baixa capacidade de deformação e a rápida propagação de fissuras quando submetido a esforços de tração. A utilização de fibras como material de reforço é uma alternativa para minimizar as limitações deste material. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o comportamento mecânico do Concreto Reforçado com Fibras de Vidro (CRFV) e verificar a viabilidade da aplicação do CRFV em peças de pavimento intertravado. A escolha do traço foi feita levando-se em consideração a norma brasileira que estabelece para pavimentos com tráfego de pedestres, veículos leves e veículos comerciais de linha resistência característica à compressão mínima de 35 MPa e para pavimentos com tráfego de veículos especiais e solicitações capazes de produzir efeitos de abrasão acentuados resistência característica à compressão mínima de 50 MPa. A análise dos resultados obtidos permite concluir que a adição de fibras ao concreto proporciona aumento na resistência à tração na flexão e a resistência residual pós-fissuração aumenta com o teor crescente de fibras de vidro na mistura. Verificou-se também um aumento na resistência à compressão das peças de pavimento intertravado moldadas com o concreto reforçado com fibra de vidro possibilitando a aplicação deste traço em pavimentos com tráfego de veículos especiais, de acordo com os limites estabelecidos pela norma brasileira / Abstract: The concrete has desirable structural properties such as high compressive strength, stiffness and durability, but at the same time it has some limitations such as low deformability and rapid crack propagation when subjected to tensile stresses. The use of fibers as reinforcement material for the concrete is an alternative to minimize the limitations of this material. The objective of this report is to evaluate the mechanical behavior of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) and verify the viability of the application of GFRC in interlocked floor blocks. The choice of recipe was made assuming the Brazilian Standard establishes floor with pedestrian traffic, light vehicles and line commercial vehicles minimum characteristic compressive strength of 35 MPa and special vehicle traffic floors and requests can produce marked effects of abrasion minimum characteristic compressive strength of 50 MPa. The analysis of the results shows that the addition of concrete to the fibers provides increased flexural tensile strength and residual flexural tensile strength post-cracking increases with increasing content glass fibers in the mixture. It was also verified an increase in the compressive strength of interlocked floor blocks made with glass fiber reinforced concrete making it possible the application of these recipe in the floors with special vehicle traffic, in accordance with the limits set by the Brazilian Standard / Mestrado / Ciência dos Materiais / Mestra em Tecnologia

Nous présentons dans ce travail une étude approfondie de la rhéologie à l'état fondu de composites très chargés en particules inorganiques. Les systèmes modèles étudiés sont composés de particules de ferrites ou de fibres de verre dispersées dans une matrice polypropylène. Le comportement rhéologique linéaire et non-linéaire ainsi que la morphologie des composants du mélange ont été étudiés. Sous différentes conditions d'écoulement, nous avons pu mettre en évidence la relation étroite qu'il existe entre la microstructure du matériau, sa formulation et ses propriétés rhéologiques. Nous avons ainsi évalué les principaux paramètres liés à la charge (e.g., distribution de taille, facteur de forme, chimie de surface) sur la viscosité du mélange. Ces travaux ont montré que l'ajout de charges dans une matrice thermoplastique change fondamentalement la rhéologie linéaire et non-linéaire du mélange. Sous écoulement dynamique, nous avons pu quantifier les interactions entre les charges (force de contact) et charges-polymère. D'une part, les systèmes ferrites/polypropylène ont montré une forte structuration dans le temps, ce qui se traduit par un comportement type réseaux à très faibles déformation. D'autre part, les systèmes fibres/polypropylène ont montré qu'un facteur de forme plus élevé et de meilleures interactions fibre-fibre favorisaient la création du réseau de particules. Sous écoulement permanent, les phénomènes non-linéaires ont été également étudiés. Nous n'avons pas mis en évidence de phénomènes de glissement pour l'ensemble de ces systèmes. Plus particulièrement, le système ferrites/polypropylène a montré une atténuation du comportement pseudo-plastique à haute vitesse de cisaillement. Ainsi, ce travail expérimental a contribué à la compréhension des propriétés d'écoulement de ces systèmes complexes / We present in this work a complete study of the melt rheological behavior of highly filled polymers. We study the rheological behavior of two model systems, ferrite particles and short-glass fibers dispersed in polypropylene. We investigate the structural features of such complex materials by linear and non-linear rheological behavior. Under different flow conditions, we show the close relationship between the variation in the microstructure, the formulation and the flow properties. We evaluate the effect of the main parameters related to the filler (e.g., particle size distribution, aspect ratio, surface chemistry) on the viscosity of the mixture. This work shows that the addition of fillers fundamentally changes the linear and non-linear viscoelasticity of the molten composite. Under dynamic flow, we are able to quantify the particle-particle and matrix-particle interactions. Therefore, we study the creation of the filler network with increasing the particulate phase. On the one hand, ferrite/polypropylene systems presented a network structure that evolves over time which manifest by a solid-like behavior accentuation at very low deformations. On the other hand, fibers/polypropylene composites showed that the higher the aspect ratio and the interparticle interactions, the higher is the probability to create a network structure. Under steady state flow, the non-linear behavior is studied. Wall slip effects were found to be negligible under the flow conditions studied in this work. In particular, ferrite/polypropylene showed an attenuation of the shear-thinning behavior at low shear rates. Thus, this experimental work has contributed to the understanding of the flow properties of these complex materials

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering. Johannesburg, May 2016 / In this study, hybrid multiscale epoxy composites were developed from woven glass fabrics and PAN nanofibers embedded with short ECNFs (diameters of ~200nm) produced via electrospinning. Unlike VGCNFs or CNTs which are prepared through bottom-up methods, ECNFs were produced through a top-down approach; hence, ECNFs are much more cost-effective than VGCNFs or CNTs. Impact absorption energy, tensile strength, and flexural strength of the hybrid multiscale reinforced GFRP composites were investigated. The control sample was the conventional GFRP composite prepared from the neat epoxy resin. With the increase of ECNFs fiber volume fraction up to 1.0%, the impact absorption energy, tensile strength, and flexural strength increased. The incorporation of ECNFs embedded in the PAN nanofibers resulted in improvements on impact absorption energy, tensile strength, and flexural properties (strength and modulus) of the GFPC. Compared to the PAN reinforced GRPC, the incorporation of 1.0% ECNFs resulted in the improvements of impact absorption energy by roughly 9%, tensile strength by 37% and flexural strength by 29%, respectively. Interfacial debonding of matrix from the fiber was shown to be the dominant mechanism for shear failure of composites without ECNFs. PAN/ECNFs networks acted as microcrack arresters enhancing the composites toughness through the bridging mechanism in matrix rich zones. More energy absorption of the laminate specimens subjected to shear failure was attributed to the fracture and fiber pull out of more ECNFs from the epoxy matrix. This study suggests that, the developed hybrid multiscale ECNF/PAN epoxy composite could replace conventional GRPC as low-cost and high-performance structural composites with improved out of plane as well as in plane mechanical properties. The strengthening/ toughening strategy formulated in this study indicates the feasibility of using the nano-scale reinforcements to further improve the mechanical properties of currently structured high-performance composites in the coming years. In addition, the present study will significantly stimulate the long-term development of high-strength high-toughness bulk structural nanocomposites for broad applications. / MT2016

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