Hydrates, wax, and other fluids forms in cold subsea pipelines which restrict flow of petroleum products during operation. This thesis analyses the global buckling behaviour of subsea pipelines with Direct Electric Heating cables (DEH) through a combination of analytical and FEM simulations. A subsea pipeline with an attached DEH cable has limited impact on the pipelines initial global buckling behaviour. The DEH cable holds back and reduces the buckle size. Strap distance and cable rotational location has very limited impact on buckling behaviour. Analytical and FEM model has in places low convergence, this is likely due to limitations in the models. / Hydrater, vax, och andra fluider formas i kalla undervattensrörledningar som begränsar flödet av petroleumprodukter i drift. Detta examensarbete analyserar global buckling av undervattensrörledningar med Direct Electric Heating (DEH) kabel med en kombination av analytisk och FEM simuleringar. En undervattensrörledning med tillhörande DEH kabel har begränsad påverkan på en rörlednings initiala globala bucklingsbeteende. DEH kabeln håller tillbaka och reducerar bucklingsstorleken. Avstånd mellan remmar och kabelns läge har mycket begränsad påverkan på bucklingsbeteendet. Den analytiska och FEM‐modellen har i vissa fall låg konvergens, troligen på grund av begränsningar i modellerna.

[pt] Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o desempenho de pilares de Concreto Têxtil (CT) sujeitos a compressão. Um programa experimental foi conduzido incluindo caracterização do material, ensaios de flexão de quatro pontos em placas e ensaios de compressão em pilares retangulares e de seção I com diferentes comprimentos e condições de contorno. Um modelo normal-momento-curvatura de um grau de liberdade foi proposto e seus resultados, utilizando propriedades do material determinadas experimentalmente, são comparados aos obtidos para os ensaios de flexão de quatro pontos, para validação. Curvas força-deslocamento obtidas experimentalmente são apresentadas juntamente com as cargas máximas e modos de falha e o modelo numérico é usado para determinar imperfeições, bem como para dar suporte à análise de resultados. As influências de imperfeições e propriedades mecânicas do concreto no comportamento do pilar real são discutidas e é mostrado que a resistência à tração do concreto tem uma forte influência na carga de pico de pilares com maior esbeltez. Foram observadas reduções de capacidade de até 53,6 por cento em relação às esperadas para um pilar perfeito e é mostrado que o modelo pode ser usado com precisão para a previsão de carga. No que diz respeito ao tecido, é demonstrado que a contribuição do reforço em membros comprimidos não deve ser desconsiderada. / [en] This work aims to investigate the performance of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) columns subject to compression. An experimental program including material characterization, four-point bending tests on plates and compression tests on rectangular and I-section columns with different lengths and end conditions was conducted. A one-degree of freedom axial force-moment-curvature model is proposed and the results using experimentally determined material properties are compared to those obtained for four-point bending tests, for validation. Load vs lateral deflection curves obtained experimentally are reported along with maximum loads and failure modes and the numerical model is used to determine imperfections as well as to support the analysis of results. The influences of imperfections and mechanical properties of concrete in the actual column behavior are discussed and it is shown that the tensile strength of concrete has a strong influence in the peak load of columns with greater slenderness. Erosions of capacity up to 53.6 percent were observed with respect to those expected for a perfect column and it is shown that the model can be accurately used for strength prediction. Concerning the textile, it is shown that the reinforcement contribution should not be neglected for members in compression.

Presented are approximate finite strip methods for use in predicting elastic buckling strength of cold-formed steel columns. These methods were developed by examining elemental behavior of cross-sections in eigen-buckling analyses and validated using a large database of finite element rack-type columns with perforation patterns. The influence of perforations is accounted by reduced thicknesses related to the plate buckling coefficient and transverse web rotational stiffness in the prediction of local and distortional buckling respectively. Global buckling prediction including the influence of perforations uses critical elastic loads of an unperforated section multiplied by the ratio of weighted to gross cross-sectional moment of inertia for flexural buckling and the ratios of weighted to gross cross-sectional warping torsion constant and weighted to gross St. Venant torsional constant for flexural-torsional buckling. Concern for end-user was given and methods are presented in a way for incorporation into governing design standards. Data to support these findings are available at http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23797 / Master of Science

Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) is a popular solution for a floating production facility in the deep and ultra-deep ocean. In the analysis of SCR, the behavioral characteristics are investigated to check the failure modes by assessing the magnitude and the frequency of the stress and strain which SCR goes through in time series. SCR is affected by the motions of connected floating production facility and exciting environmental loads. The driven force and motion of SCR has an interaction with seabed soil which represents the stiffness and friction force where SCR touches the seabed. Dynamic response of SCR is primarily caused by the coupled motion of floating structure. The displacement of floating structure is often large and fast enough to cause short cycles of negative and positive tension on SCR. The interaction between SCR and seabed is concentrated at the touchdown zone resulting into the compression and corresponding deformation of pipeline at the position. This paper presents models of floating production facilities and connected mooring lines and SCRs in 100-year hurricane environmental loads and seabed, focusing on the motional characteristics of SCR at the touchdown zone. In time series simulation, the model of SCR is first analyzed as a pipeline with indefinite elasticity so that the SCR does not fail even if the exciting loads exceed the property limit of SCR. Then the SCR design is manually checked using criteria for each failure mode to estimate the integrity.

[pt] Essa pesquisa possui como objetivo investigar os mecanismos de vigas casteladas quanto à sua estabilidade e interação entre modos de flambagem lateral com torção (FLT) e local do tê comprimido (FT). São verificadas as capacidades resistentes de vigas casteladas e, subsequentemente, uma abordagem baseada no Método da Resistência Direta é proposta. As normatizações e guias de dimensionamento atuais tratam dos modos de falha de maneira pouco clara ao considerar a possível interação entre eles, evidenciando a necessidade de estudos e de um método que considere tais efeitos. É realizado um amplo estudo constituído por um universo de 197 vigas casteladas do tipo Litzka biapoiadas sujeitas à flexão pura por meio de modelagem e simulação por análises de elementos finitos lineares e não lineares de material com imperfeições geométricas. Os modelos são validados e o momento último resistente é computado, bem como os momentos críticos dos modos de flambagem global e local. Por fim, são aplicados os conceitos do Método da Resistência Direta e, através de regressão, são propostas equações para previsão do momento nominal resistente levando em conta a interação entre modos de flambagem global e local. Os resultados são comparados com a atual normatização demonstrando melhores valores de previsão para todos os casos, principalmente os que são governados pelo modo local de falha e/ou pela interação dos modos de flambagem. É evidenciada certa discordância dos resultados propostos pelas normas e guias atuais em alguns casos quanto ao dimensionamento à flexão de vigas casteladas, podendo sub ou superestimar sua resistência. / [en] The objective of this research is to investigate the stability mechanisms of castellated beams and the interaction between lateral-torsional and compression tee local buckling modes. A verification of the strength capacity of castellated beams is carried out. Subsequently, an approach based on the Direct Strength Method is proposed for the design of these beams. The treatment of failure modes by current standards and design guides is unclear when considering possible interactions between buckling modes, thus there is a need for more studies and for the development of a design method that takes into account these effects. Firstly, a comprehensive study of 197 simply supported Litzka castellated beams under pure bending moment is carried out. The study involves finite element analyses considering both linear behavior and nonlinear behavior that, which included both material nonlinearity and geometric imperfection. The models are then validated. After computing the moments associated with critical local and global failure modes, and the ultimate moments, along with their respective modes, an approach based on the Direct Strength Method is performed. Equations that consider the interaction for nominal moments prediction are obtained through regression. The developed equation is then compared with current standards procedures. The results show that the proposed equation predicts better values for strength prediction in all cases, especially those in which local and/or interaction failure modes govern the behavior of the beam. The results also show that some of the procedures suggested in standards and guides for the design of castellated beams under flexure, either underestimate or overestimate the failure moment.