Adaptation finance has recently become an essential component to address internationalclimate change impacts. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) is the main mechanismproviding financial adaptation assistance from developed to developing countries. Underthis mechanism, Bolivia figures as the country with more projects than any other eligiblecountry, giving the impression that Bolivia receives favourable treatment when resourcesare allocated. This study analyzes the process by which Bolivia receives funding foradaptation projects using the principle of good governance and elements of accountability,fairness and effectiveness in the allocation of resources, to understand how suchadaptation projects are granted. The analysis results showed the process in Bolivia has lowlevels of accountability, neither low or high levels of fairness and low levels ofeffectiveness and that the theories presented by the literature review reflect the resultsfound. The analyses also suggested that it is difficult to determine that Bolivia receivesfavourable treatment because all projects where Bolivia received funding are all sharedwith other countries. It was also found that two projects are currently suspended and notyet implemented.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 2000. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

No / This paper examines the concept of global public goods (GPGs) and in that context explores the extent of aid (ODA) presently being diverted to GPG provision and whether such diversion skews aid-flows towards some recipients. These are examined on the basis of OECD data for the late 1990s. The main argument of this paper is that ODA should not be used for financing GPG provision by developing countries. Instead, it is suggested that other sources of financing the provision of GPGs should be developed keeping in view the various technologies by which the GPGs can be produced and design principles for supra-national institutions. Various arguments from Sandler, Barrett and Kanbur are considered. In particular, Kanbur's suggestion of two tensions involving the principles of economies of scale, subsidiarity, economies of scope and specialisation, is explored further.

168 p. / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2012-12-18T16:35:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_mateus_santos_da_silva.pdf: 1410735 bytes, checksum: c1d0091778aaf52f68d4841ee7c638e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-18T16:35:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_mateus_santos_da_silva.pdf: 1410735 bytes, checksum: c1d0091778aaf52f68d4841ee7c638e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / A partir da consolidação do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável, enquanto um novo modelo de desenvolvimento do capitalismo, associado ao processo concomitante, de inserção da temática ambiental no cenário político internacional, no contexto da globalização caracterizada pelo aumento dos fluxos financeiros, econômicos, culturais, dentre outros e com reflexo direto na maior porosidade entre nas noções de interno e externo, a partir da maior atuação dos atores não-estatais no cenário internacional e pelo processo de reformulação do Estado frente às novas demandas desencadeadas durante esse processo, o presente trabalho se concentra na análise da atuação do Global Environment Facility, enquanto um fundo internacional criada nos anos 1990, para fornecer suporte financeiro aos países em desenvolvimento dentro de temas ligados ao meio ambiente, no processo de construção da política externa ambiental brasileira, entre os anos de 1994 e 2010. O trabalho apresenta uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa, assim como se caracteriza enquanto uma pesquisa explicativa quanto aos seus fins, utilizando-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, aliado ao desenvolvimento de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com atores-chave para a realização do trabalho. A cooperação internacional, dentro do contexto apresentado, é construída a partir da teoria dos regimes e também da abordagem da governança, como base para a caracterização tanto da organização estudada quanto das mudanças na política externa brasileira durante a década de 1990, e dos impactos dessas mudanças na política ambiental do Brasil, com atuação direta do Fundo, enquanto principal financiador dos projetos e políticas desenvolvidas pelo país na construção das respostas aos compromissos assumidos pelo governo nas quatro convenções internacionais que o Brasil faz parte e que têm o Fundo como instrumento oficial de financiamento, com ênfase especial, para a Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica e a Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre Mudanças Climáticas. / Salvador

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-04-06T21:19:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva, Mateus da.pdf: 1410735 bytes, checksum: c1d0091778aaf52f68d4841ee7c638e9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-04-06T21:24:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva, Mateus da.pdf: 1410735 bytes, checksum: c1d0091778aaf52f68d4841ee7c638e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-06T21:24:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva, Mateus da.pdf: 1410735 bytes, checksum: c1d0091778aaf52f68d4841ee7c638e9 (MD5) / A partir da consolidação do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável, enquanto um novo modelo de desenvolvimento do capitalismo, associado ao processo concomitante, de inserção da temática ambiental no cenário político internacional, no contexto da globalização caracterizada pelo aumento dos fluxos financeiros, econômicos, culturais, dentre outros e com reflexo direto na maior porosidade entre nas noções de interno e externo, a partir da maior atuação dos atores não-estatais no cenário internacional e pelo processo de reformulação do Estado frente às novas demandas desencadeadas durante esse processo, o presente trabalho se concentra na análise da atuação do Global Environment Facility, enquanto um fundo internacional criada nos anos 1990, para fornecer suporte financeiro aos países em desenvolvimento dentro de temas ligados ao meio ambiente, no processo de construção da política externa ambiental brasileira, entre os anos de 1994 e 2010. O trabalho apresenta uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa, assim como se caracteriza enquanto uma pesquisa explicativa quanto aos seus fins, utilizando-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, aliado ao desenvolvimento de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com atores-chave para a realização do trabalho. A cooperação internacional, dentro do contexto apresentado, é construída a partir da teoria dos regimes e também da abordagem da governança, como base para a caracterização tanto da organização estudada quanto das mudanças na política externa brasileira durante a década de 1990, e dos impactos dessas mudanças na política ambiental do Brasil, com atuação direta do Fundo, enquanto principal financiador dos projetos e políticas desenvolvidas pelo país na construção das respostas aos compromissos assumidos pelo governo nas quatro convenções internacionais que o Brasil faz parte e que têm o Fundo como instrumento oficial de financiamento, com ênfase especial, para a Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica e a Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre Mudanças Climáticas. From the consolidation of the sustainable development’s concept, while a new model of development of capitalism, associated to the concomitant process, the environmental theme’s insertion in the international policy scene, in the globalization context characterized by the increase of financial flow, economic, cultural, among others and with a direct reflection in the biggest porosity between the notions of internal and external, from the higher interaction of the non-estate-owned actors in the international scene and through the Estate reformulation process facing the new demands triggered during this process, this paper focuses in the analyses of the Global Environment Facility acting, as an international fund created in the 90’s, to give financial support to developing countries in themes connected to the environment, in the process of the Brazilian foreign policy’s construction, between the years of 1994 and 2010. The paper presents a quality-like approach, as well as it characterizes itself as an explanatory research about its purposes, using both a bibliographical and a documental research, allied to the development of semi-structured interviews with key-actors to the work’s achievement. The international cooperation, in the presented context, is built from the regimen theory and it also uses the governance approach, as a basis to the characterization thus of the studied organization as to the changes in the Brazilian foreign policy during the 90’s decade, and of the impact of such changes in the Brazilian environmental policies, with the Fund’s direct proceeding, as the main sponsor of projects and policies developed by the country as a built answer to the engagements taken on by the government in the four international conventions in which Brazil takes part and that have the Fund as an official sponsoring instrument, with special emphasis, to the Convention towards Biological Diversity and the United Nation Convention about Weather Changes.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2008. Graduate Programme in Political Science. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 347-364). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR51701

The gap observed between the rhetoric and reality of biodiversity conservation draws critical attention to the discourse of conservation and to claims that local and global interests can be balanced. In this work, I suggest that the spatial framing of organized biodiversity conservation inhibits attempts to produce such 'balance'. I examine the processes by which biodiversity conservation projects are brought into being through the discursive production of scale within the institutional framework of the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Using five case studies of projects proposed under the GEF’s operational program for agrobiodiversity, I analyze how the GEF brings actors and sites into relation and engages them in the reproduction of articulations of scale through the GEF project cycle. In so doing, I reveal how the mechanisms that structure conservation projects around global goals systematically undermine the claims of situated resource users and prevent questions of justice from being raised.

The gap observed between the rhetoric and reality of biodiversity conservation draws critical attention to the discourse of conservation and to claims that local and global interests can be balanced. In this work, I suggest that the spatial framing of organized biodiversity conservation inhibits attempts to produce such 'balance'. I examine the processes by which biodiversity conservation projects are brought into being through the discursive production of scale within the institutional framework of the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Using five case studies of projects proposed under the GEF’s operational program for agrobiodiversity, I analyze how the GEF brings actors and sites into relation and engages them in the reproduction of articulations of scale through the GEF project cycle. In so doing, I reveal how the mechanisms that structure conservation projects around global goals systematically undermine the claims of situated resource users and prevent questions of justice from being raised.

Maintaining rapid economic growth and protecting national sovereignty have been immovable national aims expressed in Chinese foreign policy behaviour since economic reforms were introduced in the late 1970s. Climate change, for its part, is a global concern and monetarily expensive issue which necessitates collective action. At face value, encouraging economic expansion and guarding national sovereignty could easily be viewed as conditions which oppose national actions to mitigate climate change and its potential effects. However in recent years, China has adopted a positive foreign policy tone expressing interest in mitigating climate change through the multilateral United Nations (UN) climate regime. Hence, China is a curious and perhaps contradictory participant in the UNFCCC regime’s institutions. This thesis seeks to answer the following research question: “Why is Chinese foreign policy able to balance supporting national economic development objectives and protect its sovereignty while also increasing UNFCCC multilateral cooperation to abate climate change?” In the course of answering this question, China’s foreign policy motivations in the climate regime are scrutinized using economic nationalism. Briefly, economic nationalism is applied here as an economically oriented ideological construct which incorporates sovereignty and national interests together with diverse economic policies, including interdependence. Supporting this thesis’ research is the three-fold argument which remarks that: First, China’s multilateral climate change engagement is consistent with established foreign policy goals to sustain national economic development and preserve national sovereignty. Second, China has redefined its foreign policy to accommodate the ideological construct of economic nationalism, embodied in the course of its international economic and image-status benefits. Third, as a consequence, comprehending Chinese climate foreign policy consistency will contribute to improving general knowledge and understanding of the climate regime and the methods it uses to encourage developing countries to increase their respective participation in mitigating climate change. This thesis studies China’s strategic cooperation with the climate regime using three climate-related cases, as well as a contrast case which compares contemporary climate mitigation with the abatement of ozone depleting substances (ODS), a precursor environmental issue to climate change. The four cases include: the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the Multilateral Fund (MLF), the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and the Group of 77 (G77). On the first, the GEF is the climate regime’s original redistributive funding mechanism and China receives the largest quantity of GEF funding. Moreover, China’s experience with the GEF on climate change is contrasted with its earlier experience in combating ODS using the MLF financial redistributive mechanism. Second, the CDM is the foremost financial redistributive mechanism to pay for climate mitigation and clean development projects in developing countries. China, for its part, is host for the largest share CDM projects and the economically valuable GHG Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) they issue. Third, China is the de facto leader for developing countries in climate negotiations through the G77 negotiating bloc. The conclusions reached show that while China’s tone has changed through increased openness and participation, fundamentally, Chinese climate policy is based upon maintaining the continuity of its national interests. Modern economic nationalist ideology has deepened China’s foreign policy engagement on climate change by reconceptualising the global environmental issue as an economic development and image-status growth opportunity. Essentially, for China which is a country that prides itself on high rates of economic growth and whose foreign policy staunchly defends its national sovereignty, embracing forces of globalization through the act of multilaterally engaging on climate change is by no means a contradiction and is rather fully consistent with supporting its longstanding foreign policy objectives.

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