O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar os efeitos trazidos pelo padrão 4C para a produção de café no Brasil. Mais especificamente analisar quais tipos de melhorias (upgrading) foram trazidas aos produtores que adotaram o padrão 4C. As melhorias podem ser classificadas em econômicas, sociais e ambientais. Para isso foi utilizada uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa de estudo de caso. A primeira etapa da pesquisa correspondeu a uma revisão sistemática de literatura, em que foi possível formular proposições. Em seguida foram realizadas entrevistas com agentes da cadeia de valor do café - meso-instituições, cooperativas e produtores. Através de entrevistas, análise de documentos e reportagens sobre o assunto publicados em jornais e revistas especializadas, foram levantados dados que foram analisados com o auxílio do software de análise qualitativa Atlas TI. Os resultados indicam que grande parte das melhorias podem ser caracterizadas como upgrading ambiental. Além disso, os resultados mostram que a adoção do padrão 4C fez com que os produtores organizassem melhores seus processos de produção e tivessem maior controle das atividades relacionados ao cultivo de café com padrão 4C. / The present work had as objective to investigate the effects brought by the 4C standard for Brazilian coffee agriculture. More specifically, analyze what types of improvements (upgradings) brought to producers that adopt the 4C standard. Improvements can be classified as economic, social and environmental. For this, a qualitative methodological approach of case studies was used. The first stage of the research corresponded to a systematic literature review, in which it was possible at the end to formulate the propositions. Interviews were then conducted with various agents within the coffee value chain - meso-institutions, cooperatives and producers. Through interviews, document analysis and articles published in specialized journals and journals, data were collected that were analyzed using the qualitative analysis software Atlas TI. The results indicate that most of the improvements can be characterized as environmental upgrading. In addition, the results show that the adoption of the 4C standard made farmers better organize their production processes and have more control of activities related to 4C coffee cultivation.

O presente trabalho analisou os gargalos para a industrialização dos produtos agrícolas derivados da cadeia produtiva da aquicultura no estado do Tocantins, utilizando a ótica da análise de Cadeia Global de Valor - CGV (Global Value Chain). Examinou as características que influenciam na competitividade dos entrepostos processadores de pescado, pois a cadeia produtiva apresenta crescimento de produção e características potenciais para continuidade deste crescimento, tornando-se assim alternativa de geração de emprego e renda e possível agregação de valor por meio da agroindustrialização e fortalecimento dos atores locais. A metodologia aborda o levantamento exploratório, análise e triangulação de dados baseado na abordagem CGV, procurando evidenciar impactos na competição, na compreensão de como e onde os atores se posicionam para ganhar mercado e participação, e na determinação de como atores se utilizam de upgrading para atingir maiores valores de produtos e serviços. Com base nas constatações, observa-se duas características no comportamento dos entrepostos, onde uma parcela dos atores se mostra otimista, visando a intensificação da verticalização da produção, com alto grau de individualismo empresarial, desenvolvendo alternativas de upgrading por meio da adição de valor aos produtos e expansão de mercados, enquanto outra parcela destes atores apresenta estagnação quanto a volumes de demanda e preços de venda. Observa-se ainda que a grande concorrência informal e as características de múltiplos tipos de governança entre as empresas caracterizam grande dificuldade para expansão da agroindústria local, e apresenta ainda considerável ameaça à sustentabilidade econômica da atividade dos entrepostos de pescado inspecionados. / This work analyzed the bottlenecks of the industrialization of agricultural products derived from the aquaculture production chain in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, using the Global Value Chain (GVC) approach. It considered the characteristics that influence the competitiveness of the chain actors, since it presents production growth and potential characteristics for the continuity of this growth, thus becoming an alternative of employment and income generation and possible value aggregation through agro industrialization and strengthening of local actors. The methodology addressed the exploratory survey and interviews, data analysis and triangulation based on the GCV approach, seeking to evidence changes in the competition among companies, in understanding how and where the actors position themselves to gain market and participation and in determining how actors position themselves by means of the upgrading to achieve higher values of products and services. Based on the findings, two characteristics are identified in the behavior of the fish processors, where a portion of these actors is optimistic, aimed at intensifying the verticalization of production, with a high degree of corporate individualism, developing alternatives for upgrading through the products value addition and markets expansion, while another part of these same actors presents stagnation as to volumes and prices. Moreover, it is a market that face great illegal competition and characteristics of multiple types of governance and large informal competition. Such conditions impose great difficulties for the expansion of local agroindustry, and presents a considerable threat to the economic sustainability of the activity of the inspected fish processors.

Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-07-20T13:36:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EstefaneBergamoEngProdSistemas.pdf: 736931 bytes, checksum: 54dd1e6f39bddbcfac0c53c2c69f1abb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-20T13:36:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EstefaneBergamoEngProdSistemas.pdf: 736931 bytes, checksum: 54dd1e6f39bddbcfac0c53c2c69f1abb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Nenhuma / A importância do biodiesel no Brasil não está ligada somente a questões ambientais, mas à inclusão social da agricultura familiar. Com esse objetivo o Governo Federal criou o Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso do Biodiesel (PNPB) que estimulou a produção deste novo combustível na matriz energética brasileira. O Rio Grande do Sul, por ser um dos maiores produtores de soja do País, introduziu esse cultivo como matéria-prima principal para a produção de biodiesel. Este trabalho está baseado em um estudo de caso da governança da cadeia produtiva do biodiesel no Rio Grande do Sul, descrevendo a atual cadeia produtiva do biodiesel no Estado. Para isso, analisa um modelo de governança da cadeia produtiva em dois segmentos: industrial e agrícola, utilizando a metodologia apresentada nesta pesquisa. É importante entender a governança na cadeia produtiva para que uma estratégia de produção possa ser planejada e explorada de forma mais eficaz em cada elo da cadeia. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é caracterizar e analisar a governança dos dois segmentos da cadeia global e da cadeia global de valor do biodiesel no Rio Grande do Sul, identificando que atores têm o papel principal dentro da cadeia produtiva. A pesquisa é um estudo de caso único por ser analisada somente a cadeia produtiva local e de uma cultura como matéria-prima. Para isso, utilizou-se um questionário específico para cada ator entender a visão de governança individual dos atores da cadeia. Os resultados obtidos com este instrumento são de uma cadeia global de valor conduzida pelo comprador e uma estrutura de governança modular. / The importance of biodiesel in Brazil is not only related to environmental issues, but it is also linked to the social inclusion of family farming. In order to achieve social inclusion, the Federal Government created the “Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso do Biodiesel – PNPB” (National Program of Biodiesel Production and Use) which promotes the production of this new fuel in the Brazilian energy matrix. Rio Grande do Sul, as one of the largest producers of soybeans in the country, has introduced this vegetable as the main raw material for biodiesel production. The current project is based on a case study of governance of the biodiesel productive chain in Rio Grande do Sul, which describes the current biodiesel production chain in the state. For this, this paper analysed a model of governance of the production chain into two segments: industrial and agricultural using the methodology presented in the research. It’s important to understand the governance in the production chain, so that a strategy of production can be planned and explored more effectively at every link in the chain. The objective of this research is to characterize and analyse the governance of two segments of the global value chain as well as the governance of global value chain of biodiesel in Rio Grande do Sul. In addition, the project intends to know which actors play the leading parts within the production chain. The research is a unique case study because it only studies the local production chain and one kind of raw material that belongs to this chain. In order to understand the view of governance of each of the leading actors in the chain and characterize the production chain as a whole, it was used a customised questionnaire for each actor in the chain. A global value chain driven by the buyer and a structure of modular governance were the results obtained with this instrument.

Given growing concerns regarding the chocolate sector's long-term future, ever more private-sector, public-sector and civil-society stakeholders have become involved in initiatives aiming to make cocoa production more 'sustainable'. However, despite the omnipresent term, stakeholders' understandings of associated environmental, commercial and socio-economic priorities diverge: while transforming cocoa into a more attractive livelihood for farmers is paramount for some, others prioritise links to global environmental challenges. A third dimension encompasses commercial concerns related to securing supply, an increasing qualm given projected cocoa shortages and ever-rising concentration in the marketplace. This research argues there are considerable tensions between different stakeholders' commercial, socio-economic and environmental priorities in cocoa sustainability initiatives especially in light of the sector's intensifying challenges. Further tensions emerge between underlying drivers and representations, as public-facing communication continues to emphasise altruism rather than commercial necessity, locating engagements in 'nice-to-have' rather than 'business imperative' territory. Based on documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation, this thesis aims to capture how cocoa-sector changes have driven shifts in stakeholder priorities and representations, incorporating voices from across the initiatives ranging from cocoa producers to chocolate consumers. Utilising a modified global production networks lens to represent the full spectrum of stakeholders involved, the research maps three cocoa sustainability initiatives incorporating conservation or carbon measures in terms of power and embeddedness, stakeholder drivers and representations. While identifying tensions, it also argues that acknowledging divergent understandings of the polysemic 'sustainability' concept constitutes an opportunity for a much-needed redressing of power and embeddedness asymmetries to address systemic issues threatening the sector's future. However, the thesis also observes that despite protestations of partnership, few actors are willing to contemplate the systemic changes in favour of more equitable treatment and power distribution which would be required to safeguard the sector's long-term viability. This thesis's contributions include its unprecedented critical exploration of the diverging socio-economic, commercial and environmental drivers which diverse stakeholders associate with cocoa sustainability, the meanings they create towards the public, and the link to underlying power and embeddedness structures. These analytical foci have proved instrumental in unpacking emerging tensions, which are likely to grow more marked as cocoa shortages become more acute and understandings of sustainability continue to diverge.

<p>The aim of this study is to find out the dynamics of rice supply chains and their impacts on the small-scale rice producer in Magugu village. The problem addressed in this study is the changes in the food trading paradigm and how it is shaping power relations at a local level. The empirical material in this study has been collected during a fieldtrip to the Babati district in Tanzania from the 25th of February to the 19th of March (2008). The First Mile Project (FMP) in Tanzania had the purpose to teach farmers how to build more equal and efficient supply chains and linking the producer to the consumer. A comparison between a regular rice supply chain and one involved in the FMP was made to explore how the two was forming in the changing food trade paradigm and how the farmers were adapting to this fact. Several methods were employed in this study. These include: case study method, qualitative methods, and secondary data. The results in this study was analysed with the use of the Global Value Chain (GVC) analysis and the Network theory. The conclusion was that depending on how the networks and the power relations within them, actors in the leading position in the GVC determines how the product is going to be: produced, processed, and marketed, at what time and to what price and establish requirements of the GVC. The rice farmers involved in the FMP were the once most able to adapt to the requirements of the GVC and food trading paradigm because of the cooperation among the group and good relations with other actors along the supply chain.</p>

<p>This thesis aims to contribute to global value chain studies by examining an empirical case of vietnamese apparel firms in Swedish clothing value chains with a focus on insertion and upgrading issues . we apply mixed method of  both qualitative and quantitative tools from a holistic approach researching from both vietnamese suppliers and Swedish buyers perspective. Our findings show some progressive improvements of Vietnamese suppliers in GVC especially of private sector. In swedish value chain trust and long term cooperative business realtions for mutual benefits are among the key points for insertion and ugrading. On Vietnamese suppliers side, lack of information serves as the main reson for their reluctance in approaching Swedish market . Willingness to listen to buyer's advice or suggestions and management strategic Vision of development are critical for upgrading sucess of suppliers.</p>

The production of soy in Brazil has been linked with serious ecological impacts. In order to curbenvironmental problems, there have been established public-private initiatives such as the “Round Tables”,focused on the creation of standards to make value chains of commodities products more sustainable. Thepresent study focuses on identifying the motives and challenges of the adoption of the Roundtable onResponsible Soy (RTRS) certification amongst Brazilian soy producers. The results show the adoption of the RTRS among large producer is mainly driven by potential higher pricesand access to new markets. Medium and small producer adopt the scheme in order to improve their technicalcapacity and ability to meet social and environmental regulation. On the other hand lack of demand for RTRS certified soy seems to be the main challenge for producers to adopt the certification. The gained insights willprovide practioners and academics a basis for exploring possible solutions to overcome such challenges and atthe same time, boost the adoption of the RTRS amongst Brazilian producers.

The aim of this study is to find out the dynamics of rice supply chains and their impacts on the small-scale rice producer in Magugu village. The problem addressed in this study is the changes in the food trading paradigm and how it is shaping power relations at a local level. The empirical material in this study has been collected during a fieldtrip to the Babati district in Tanzania from the 25th of February to the 19th of March (2008). The First Mile Project (FMP) in Tanzania had the purpose to teach farmers how to build more equal and efficient supply chains and linking the producer to the consumer. A comparison between a regular rice supply chain and one involved in the FMP was made to explore how the two was forming in the changing food trade paradigm and how the farmers were adapting to this fact. Several methods were employed in this study. These include: case study method, qualitative methods, and secondary data. The results in this study was analysed with the use of the Global Value Chain (GVC) analysis and the Network theory. The conclusion was that depending on how the networks and the power relations within them, actors in the leading position in the GVC determines how the product is going to be: produced, processed, and marketed, at what time and to what price and establish requirements of the GVC. The rice farmers involved in the FMP were the once most able to adapt to the requirements of the GVC and food trading paradigm because of the cooperation among the group and good relations with other actors along the supply chain.

<p>Over the last thirty years successful national economic development is considered participation in global industries, particularly in global value chains. Frequently, however, inclusion in these chains brings forth varied socioeconomic benefits for chain actors, acutely different ethnic and racial groups. Costa Rican participation in the tourism global value chain while heralded as a success story shows varied impacts for ethnoracial groups who are incorporated, excluded, and stratified in various forms. By comparing two communities in Costa Rica, Tamarindo and Cahuita, three main practices are apparent in determining the position of foreigners from the global North, Costa Ricans from the Central Valley, Afro-Costa Ricans, and Guanacastecans in the industry as workers or entrepreneur suppliers: (1) the role of <italic>governance structures</italic>, i.e., power dynamics between firms along the value chain and the importance of standards, formal and subjective; (2) <italic>institutions</italic>, including global private travel fairs, national tourism boards, and specific development policies; and (3) the dominance of environmental imagery and rural democracy narratives to <italic>market</italic> Costa Rica. Concretely, the development of global tourism in Costa Rica and its impact upon different groups is nuanced and it is a testament to both opportunities for local economic and social empowerment and stratification and marginalization.</p> / Dissertation

Increased international trade has sparked a debate on the need to coordinate dispersedactivities in Global Value Chains, linking production to end consumers. Implementationof standards has in the literature on Global Value Chains been suggested as a wayto coordinate a value chain. We have investigated the value chain of shrimp andprawns production in Bangladesh, in order to analyze if standards placed by the EUhave proven a successful way to coordinate the value chain. The implementation ofstandards has been studied to capture the coordination in the value chain. A singlecase study was conducted with interviews from a sample of actors in direct or closeconnection to the production of shrimp and prawns in Bangladesh. The focus of thestudy has been on the perspectives of the individuals and if and how standards areimplemented successfully in a social context. The attempt has been to bridgeunderstandings of implementation of standards together with knowledge of the complexnature of Global Value Chains. The results show that there are multiple challengesto successful implementation of standards. Hurdles can especially be linked tothe ability to follow standards where lack of human- and financial resources havebeen found. In addition, the will to follow standards can have an impact when traditionalmethods stand in the way and immediate financial incentives are not in place.