O propósito desta pesquisa é investigar quais as principais dificuldades que as pequenas e médias empresas do Vale do Taquari têm para exportar. Com a globalização das economias e a internacionalização dos negócios, as empresas se voltam estrategicamente para os mercados estrangeiros. A internacionalização das empresas, através da expansão de suas operações para os mercados externos ou através da aquisição de insumos, componentes e bens acabados, tornou-se uma questão de sobrevivência. Para atingir os objetivos, foi realizada uma pesquisa em duas etapas. Primeiramente, buscou-se identificar junto às empresas do Vale do Taquari as principais dificuldades para exportar. A partir desses resultados foi estruturado um questionário, enviado para 50 empresas escolhidas por fazerem parte do Comitê Regional de Qualidade do Vale do Taquari (filiado ao Programa Gaúcho de Qualidade e Produtividade - PGQP) e por possuírem a potencialidade e a possibilidade de exportar. Dos questionários enviados, 24 retornaram o que corresponde a uma taxa de resposta de 48%. Das empresas que retornaram seus questionários 37,5% não exportam. Com base nos resultados, identificou-se que dentre as principais dificuldades para exportar estão a questão de preços e a concorrência externa. Propõe-se que as empresas busquem diferenciais competitivos para minimizar as dificuldades de exportar, seja por adequação de custos, aumento de produtividade ou busca de novos mercados. / This study has the goal to go deep in knowledge about the difficulties that Vale do Taquari companies go through to place their product in the export market. With the globalization of economies and internationalization of business, the companies converge strategically for foreigners markets. The internationalization of the companies, through of expansion of their operations for external market, or through the acquisition of inputs, components and accomplished goods, became a way of survival. To reach the purpose, the study was planned in two stages. First of all, it was necessary to understand and to identify the main reasons that stop the companies from the Vale do Taquari to export. With these data, a questionnaire was developed and sent to 50 companies chosen for taking part in Comitê Regional de Qualidade do Vale do Taquari (Programa Gaúcho de Qualidade e Produtividade - PGQP) and for having potentiality and possibilities to export. From the 50 questionnaires sent, 24 returned, which correspond to a return tax of 48%. Of the companies who had returned its questionnaires 37.5% do not export. Based on the results, it was found that the main difficulties to export are the question of prices and the external competition. It is suggested that the companies search differentials competitive to minimize the difficulties to export, either for adequacy of costs, increase of productivity or search of new markets.

O propósito desta pesquisa é investigar quais as principais dificuldades que as pequenas e médias empresas do Vale do Taquari têm para exportar. Com a globalização das economias e a internacionalização dos negócios, as empresas se voltam estrategicamente para os mercados estrangeiros. A internacionalização das empresas, através da expansão de suas operações para os mercados externos ou através da aquisição de insumos, componentes e bens acabados, tornou-se uma questão de sobrevivência. Para atingir os objetivos, foi realizada uma pesquisa em duas etapas. Primeiramente, buscou-se identificar junto às empresas do Vale do Taquari as principais dificuldades para exportar. A partir desses resultados foi estruturado um questionário, enviado para 50 empresas escolhidas por fazerem parte do Comitê Regional de Qualidade do Vale do Taquari (filiado ao Programa Gaúcho de Qualidade e Produtividade - PGQP) e por possuírem a potencialidade e a possibilidade de exportar. Dos questionários enviados, 24 retornaram o que corresponde a uma taxa de resposta de 48%. Das empresas que retornaram seus questionários 37,5% não exportam. Com base nos resultados, identificou-se que dentre as principais dificuldades para exportar estão a questão de preços e a concorrência externa. Propõe-se que as empresas busquem diferenciais competitivos para minimizar as dificuldades de exportar, seja por adequação de custos, aumento de produtividade ou busca de novos mercados. / This study has the goal to go deep in knowledge about the difficulties that Vale do Taquari companies go through to place their product in the export market. With the globalization of economies and internationalization of business, the companies converge strategically for foreigners markets. The internationalization of the companies, through of expansion of their operations for external market, or through the acquisition of inputs, components and accomplished goods, became a way of survival. To reach the purpose, the study was planned in two stages. First of all, it was necessary to understand and to identify the main reasons that stop the companies from the Vale do Taquari to export. With these data, a questionnaire was developed and sent to 50 companies chosen for taking part in Comitê Regional de Qualidade do Vale do Taquari (Programa Gaúcho de Qualidade e Produtividade - PGQP) and for having potentiality and possibilities to export. From the 50 questionnaires sent, 24 returned, which correspond to a return tax of 48%. Of the companies who had returned its questionnaires 37.5% do not export. Based on the results, it was found that the main difficulties to export are the question of prices and the external competition. It is suggested that the companies search differentials competitive to minimize the difficulties to export, either for adequacy of costs, increase of productivity or search of new markets.

O propósito desta pesquisa é investigar quais as principais dificuldades que as pequenas e médias empresas do Vale do Taquari têm para exportar. Com a globalização das economias e a internacionalização dos negócios, as empresas se voltam estrategicamente para os mercados estrangeiros. A internacionalização das empresas, através da expansão de suas operações para os mercados externos ou através da aquisição de insumos, componentes e bens acabados, tornou-se uma questão de sobrevivência. Para atingir os objetivos, foi realizada uma pesquisa em duas etapas. Primeiramente, buscou-se identificar junto às empresas do Vale do Taquari as principais dificuldades para exportar. A partir desses resultados foi estruturado um questionário, enviado para 50 empresas escolhidas por fazerem parte do Comitê Regional de Qualidade do Vale do Taquari (filiado ao Programa Gaúcho de Qualidade e Produtividade - PGQP) e por possuírem a potencialidade e a possibilidade de exportar. Dos questionários enviados, 24 retornaram o que corresponde a uma taxa de resposta de 48%. Das empresas que retornaram seus questionários 37,5% não exportam. Com base nos resultados, identificou-se que dentre as principais dificuldades para exportar estão a questão de preços e a concorrência externa. Propõe-se que as empresas busquem diferenciais competitivos para minimizar as dificuldades de exportar, seja por adequação de custos, aumento de produtividade ou busca de novos mercados. / This study has the goal to go deep in knowledge about the difficulties that Vale do Taquari companies go through to place their product in the export market. With the globalization of economies and internationalization of business, the companies converge strategically for foreigners markets. The internationalization of the companies, through of expansion of their operations for external market, or through the acquisition of inputs, components and accomplished goods, became a way of survival. To reach the purpose, the study was planned in two stages. First of all, it was necessary to understand and to identify the main reasons that stop the companies from the Vale do Taquari to export. With these data, a questionnaire was developed and sent to 50 companies chosen for taking part in Comitê Regional de Qualidade do Vale do Taquari (Programa Gaúcho de Qualidade e Produtividade - PGQP) and for having potentiality and possibilities to export. From the 50 questionnaires sent, 24 returned, which correspond to a return tax of 48%. Of the companies who had returned its questionnaires 37.5% do not export. Based on the results, it was found that the main difficulties to export are the question of prices and the external competition. It is suggested that the companies search differentials competitive to minimize the difficulties to export, either for adequacy of costs, increase of productivity or search of new markets.

In this thesis, the relation between the internationalization of capital and the national state in the context of globalization is put under critical scrutiny. Elucidation of the dynamics of the globalization process constitutes a crucial significance for the understanding of the contemporary transformations in the capital accumulation and the state. It is aimed to propose a conceptual framework to transcend the dualist comprehensions between the political and economic, capital and the state, and global and national that are widespread within the analyses of globalization. It is asserted that dualist conceptualizations obscure the elucidation of the underlying social relations that pave the way for the internationalization of capital. It is argued that a relational perspective, which emphasizes the social relational character of the state and capital, can explicate the contradictory unity of the political and economic by conceiving these phenomena as forms of presence of the capitalist relations of production. It is claimed that a relational perspective provides a fertile framework of analysis for the elucidation of the process of globalization by overcoming the juxtaposition of the global capital and the national states through the argument that they exist in and through their internal relations within the capitalist relations of production. It is proposed that, the internationalization of capital should not be conceived as a recent phenomenon, but as an incessant process reconstituted through different forms beginning from the historical constitution of the capitalist relations of production. Furthermore, a relational perspective, which conceives the international system of national states not as in opposition to the international capital accumulation but as an indispensible internal part of it, is proposed. In the thesis, neo-Gramscian analyses, the regulation school and the relational approaches are critically examined in terms of their conceptualizations of the relations between the political and economic, capital and the state, and global and national. It is intended to propose a conceptualization that enables the elaboration of the continuity and unity of the internationalization of the capitalist relations as well as their differentiation and uneven development.

This master thesis aims to explore the conditions of small and medium-sized enterprises in expanding to foreign markets and to find opportunities that will help these businesses to grow. By opportunity it is meant the company's own effort, or state and non-state support of SME's. In the thesis there is analyzed the situation of SME's in the Czech market and the services and support that businesses can use while expanding abroad, it also analyses the modern methods in this area. The aim of the thesis is to analyze trends in the field of internationalization of SMEs, to identify the key needs of Czech companies and to compare them with the actual support offered in the Czech market. Based on a comparison with foreign practice, namely New Zealand, it should propose new ways and opportunities in the process of expansion.