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Judas Iscariot has been and remains to this day one of the most hated persons in human history. The goal of this project is to examine the evolution Judas as he appears, first within the pages of the Christian canon, then moving over to literature outside the canon, into Apocrypha. Moreover, consulting ancient and modern sources allows for the ability to raise questions regarding the possibility of redemption for Judas as well as an analysis on whether this person was real or simply a literary construct by ancient authors in order to strengthen the core of the Christian belief system. With the inclusion of a clear and present villain in the narrative, the early Christians or proto-Orthodox were able to separate themselves from the initial Jewish community and labelled Judas as the ultimate example of what not to do when it came to being a “true” Christian. The discovery of the Gospel of Judas and its subsequent publication brought mainstream attention to the early years of Christianity, with its many different structures. The exploration of its pages reveal an entirely different message in which Judas Iscariot is a central figure, amidst a more “gnostic” tradition. The character of Judas Iscariot has since travelled through the centuries and it is this project’s mission to demonstrate the evolution of this character, showing how he first appears as merely one of twelve men who follow Jesus to a personification of evil. The project will also demonstrate how a possible misunderstanding of literature could have created a literary scapegoat, resulting in Judas Iscariot’s use as a tool to foster hatred and animosity towards the Jews. The end result leaves the reader with the question of whether Judas deserves absolution for his actions, who may have been an important part of God’s plan for humanity’s salvation.

At the World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, the Woman's Department offered women of all regions of the country an opportunity to exhibit what they considered "woman's work." As women came together and attempted sectional reconciliation, controversy persisted, especially over the selection of northern suffragist Julia Ward Howe, author of the "Battle Hymn of the Republic," as the Department's president. However, during the course of the event, which lasted from December 16, 1884 to May 31, 1885, New Orleanians and other southern women learned skills and strategies from participants and famous women visitors, and these southerners insinuated their voices into the national debate on late-nineteenth-century women's issues.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-06-28T12:49:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LEONARDO HENRIQUE PIACENTE.pdf: 1178258 bytes, checksum: ff6627db41d7b7353cfeec2f755778a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-28T12:49:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LEONARDO HENRIQUE PIACENTE.pdf: 1178258 bytes, checksum: ff6627db41d7b7353cfeec2f755778a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-14 / The encounter of nascent Christianity with classical Greco-Roman culture in the second century AD had points of confluence, dispersion and conjugation. The thought of Irenaeus of Lyons (130-208 AD) in Adversus haereses shows that the relation between Christian religion and classical culture came close to the Christian gnostic groups. These, when evangelized and adept at the good news of Jesus Christ, brought with them their cultural framework, and thus Christianity marked by Jewish customs, was gaining nuances of the diverse cultures, religions, peoples and languages present in the Roman Empire. The research was not intended to value this relation Greco-Roman culture and nascent Christianity, but rather to show the importance and the tensions present in this relation, from the first book of the Demonstration and refutation to the false gnosis. Irenaeus constructed his thought in order to make clear the thinking of the various gnostic groups, in order to refute them, and in the meantime presented a systematization of the Christian faith not yet seen in his time. Its Demonstration and Refutation of the Gnostic theses was not only a way of fighting the controversies that arose in the first centuries of the Church, but was also, as presented in this research, a means of showing the interaction between Christians, especially the thinkers, with The intellectual and cultural environment that they were inserted. As a process of conjugation, Christianity and the classical culture had mutual influences, differences and points in common, in the formation from initial Christian thought. The hermeneutics of the first book of the Adversus haereses, and classical thinking, made it possible to understand and deepen the relationship between culture and religion in the second century AD. / O encontro do cristianismo nascente com a cultura cl?ssica greco-romana, no s?culo II d.C., teve pontos de conflu?ncia, de dispers?o e de conjuga??o. O pensamento de Irineu de Li?o (130-208 d.C) na obra Adversus haereses mostra que a rela??o religi?o crist? e cultura cl?ssica teve uma aproxima??o grande em virtude dos grupos gn?sticos crist?os, que evangelizados e adeptos ? boa nova de Jesus Cristo, traziam consigo seu arcabou?o cultural, sendo assim o cristianismo marcado pelos costumes judaicos, foi ganhando matizes das diversas culturas, religi?es, povos e l?nguas presentes no Imp?rio Romano. A pesquisa n?o pretende valorar esta rela??o cultura greco-romana e cristianismo nascente, mas sim mostrar a import?ncia e as tens?es presentes nessa rela??o, a partir do primeiro livro da Demonstra??o e refuta??o ? falsa gnose. Irineu construiu seu pensamento em busca de tornar claro o pensamento dos diversos grupos gn?sticos, para assim refut?-los, e neste ?nterim apresentou uma sistematiza??o da f? crist? ainda n?o vista no seu tempo. A sua Demonstra??o e Refuta??o das teses gn?sticas, foi n?o s? um caminho de combate ?s controv?rsias, que surgiram nos primeiros s?culos da Igreja, mas tamb?m foi, como apresentado nesta pesquisa, um meio de mostrar a intera??o entre os crist?os, principalmente os pensadores, com o meio intelectual e cultural que estavam inseridos. Como um processo de conjuga??o, o cristianismo e a cultura cl?ssica tiveram influ?ncias m?tuas, diferen?as e pontos em comum, na forma??o desde pensamento crist?o inicial. A hermen?utica do primeiro livro da Adversus haereses, e do pensamento cl?ssico, possibilitou compreender e aprofundar-se na rela??o cultura e religi?o no s?culo II d.C.