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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Moving Evidence into Practice: Early Sepsis Identification and Timely Intervention in the Emergency Department (Project Code Sepsis)

Macalintal, Jonjon 01 January 2016 (has links)
Sepsis is the leading cause of death among hospitalized patients in the United States, is responsible for more than 200,000 deaths annually, and has as high as a 50% mortality rate. Sepsis requires prompt identification so that early goal-directed therapy can be instituted to lead to better outcomes. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to determine if implementing an evidence-based identification and intervention program, Project Code Sepsis, in the emergency department can increase the number of patients who receive antibiotics within the first hour of triage and decrease the length of hospital stay. Specifically, the primary project goals were: (a) to administer initial antibiotic treatments within 1 hour of triage to more than 75% of patients, and (b) to reduce length of hospital stay to an average of less than 7 days. The project was developed from the Donabedian Healthcare Quality Triad and guided by the Six Sigma DMAIC method. A total of 306 patients were included in this project conducted from May to October 2015. The sepsis-screening tool was fully implemented during August when more than 75% of patients received their initial antibiotic within one hour of triage time. However, this accomplishment was not sustained during the next two months. Interestingly, August was also the month with the highest length of hospital stay (7.49 days) among sepsis patients. This quality improvement project did not show that the provision of antibiotic therapy within the first hour of triage time decreases the length of hospital stay among sepsis patients. Multiple factors including administration of intravenous fluids and vasopressors for hypotension, nurse and physician experiences, patient acuity, and local sepsis bacteria profile should be considered together in future studies and quality improvement projects.
2

Barriers affecting compliance with the implementation of early goal directed therapy in the emergency department

Castro, Ivan 01 May 2013 (has links)
Early Goal Directed Therapy (EGDT) has been thoroughly researched and clinically supported to be effective at lowering morbidity and mortality associated with severe sepsis and septic shock. Due to the strengths of its efficacy, it has been integrated as an essential component of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign. However, very few studies have explored the barriers that affect compliance of the protocol in actual practice. The purpose of this study was to synthesize current research findings regarding nursing barriers associated with EGDT. This research was limited to studies performed in the United States between 2003-2012, with patients at least 18 years old, and with data obtained from studies conducted within emergency departments (EDs) only. These findings may serve to help increase the compliance rate with the protocol among nurses in the ED. Findings indicated that compliance rates were mostly affected by two major barriers: 1) Lack of knowledge regarding the presentation and management of sepsis and septic shock, and 2)Lack of resources in the ED to perform the protocol to its full potential. Limitations of the review noted were that most research studies used were in major academic hospitals which limited the generalizability of the findings to other hospital settings. Nursing education should emphasize early recognition and aggressive treatment of sepsis. Future research should focus on addressing the most efficient ways to educate nurses on sepsis presentation and management and the ways these can be implemented in practice.
3

Estudo randomizado para avaliação da terapia guiada por metas em cirurgia cardíaca de alto risco / A randomized controlled trial to evaluate goal directed therapy in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Osawa, Eduardo Atsushi 11 November 2015 (has links)
Introdução: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da terapia guiada por metas (TGM) sobre desfechos em pacientes de alto risco submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo randomizado que avaliou 126 pacientes submetidos às cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio ou valvar internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Cirúrgica (UTI) do Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Os pacientes foram randomizados para um algoritmo de terapia guiada por metas (grupo TGM, n=62) ou grupo controle (n=64). No grupo TGM, um índice cardíaco superior a 3 L/min/m2 foi utilizado como alvo através de fluidos, inotrópicos e transfusão de concentrado de hemácias, com início após desmame da circulação extracorpórea e com término após 8 horas de admissão na UTI. Resultados: O desfecho primário foi um composto de mortalidade e complicações maiores em 30 dias. Os pacientes do grupo TGM receberam maior volume (mediana e intervalo interquartílico) de fluidos em relação ao grupo controle [1000 (625 - 1500) vs. 500 (500 - 1000) mL (P < 0,001)], e não houve diferença na administração de inotrópicos ou hemotransfusão. A incidência do desfecho primário foi menor no grupo TGM (27,4 vs. 45,3%, p=0,037). O grupo TGM apresentou menor incidência de infecção (12,9 vs. 29,7%, P=0,002) síndrome do baixo débito cardíaco (6,5 vs. 26,6%, P=0.002). Foram também observados menor dose acumulada de dobutamina (12 vs. 19 mg/Kg, P=0,003), menor tempo de internação na UTI (3 [3-4] vs. 5 [4-7] dias; P < 0,001) e no hospital (9 [8-16] vs. 12 [9-22] dias, P=0,049) no grupo TGM comparado ao grupo controle. Não houve diferença nas taxas de mortalidade em 30 dias. (4,8% vs. 9,4%, respectivamente; P = 0,492). Conclusão: A estratégia de terapia guiada por metas através de fluidos, inotrópicos e transfusão sanguínea reduziu a incidência de complicações maiores em 30 dias em pacientes de alto risco submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca / Introduction: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of goal-directed therapy on outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial that evaluated 126 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass or valve repair in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Heart Institute/Faculty of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo. Patients were randomized to a cardiac output-guided hemodynamic therapy algorithm (GDT group, n=62) or to usual care (n=64). In the GDT arm, a cardiac index of greater than 3 L/min/m2 was targeted with intravenous fluids, inotropes and red blood cell transfusion starting from cardiopulmonary bypass and ending eight hours after arrival to the ICU. Results: The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of 30-day mortality and major postoperative complications. Patients from the GDT group received a greater median (interquartile range) volume of intra-venous fluids than the usual care group [1000 (625 - 1500) vs. 500 (500 - 1000) mL (P<0.001)], with no differences in the administration of either inotropes or red blood cell transfusions. The primary outcome was reduced in the GDT group (27.4 vs. 45.3%, p=0.037). The GDT group had a lower incidence of infection (12.9 vs. 29.7%, P=0.002) and low cardiac output syndrome (6.5 vs. 26.6%, P=0.002). We also observed lower ICU cumulative dosage of dobutamine (12 vs. 19 mg/Kg, P=0.003) and a shorter ICU (3 [3-4] vs. 5 [4-7] days; P < 0.001) and hospital length of stay (9 [8-16] vs. 12 [9-22] days, P=0.049) in the GDT compared to the usual care group. There were no differences in 30-day mortality rates (4.8% vs. 9.4%, respectively; P = 0.492). Conclusions: Goal directed therapy using fluids, inotropes and blood transfusion reduced 30-day major complications in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery
4

Terapia hemodinâmica guiada por saturação venosa central contínua em pacientes pediátricos submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca ensaio clínico randomizado / Hemodynamic therapy guided by continuous central venous oxygen saturation in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a clinical randomized study

Ferreira, Flavio Mauá Chaves 21 May 2018 (has links)
Introdução: A terapia hemodinâmica perioperatória baseada em metas modificou a evolução dos pacientes pediátricos cirúrgicos de alto risco, demonstrando ser eficaz na redução de complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de um protocolo perioperatório guiado por metas baseado na adequação da saturação venosa central mensurada de forma contínua na perfusão tecidual e nas complicações pós-operatórias de pacientes pediátricos submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, randomizado, e controlado, realizado no Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Universidade de São Paulo(Incor-HCFMUSP). Pacientes pediátricos submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca eletiva foram randomizados para grupo terapia hemodinâmica baseado na monitorização da saturação venosa contínua pelo cateter PediaSat (grupo intervenção) ou para grupo padrão. O grupo intervenção foi tratado no intraoperatório e nas primeiras 24 horas de pós-operatório de acordo com um protocolo guiado por metas, baseado na adequação da saturação venosa central (SvcO2 >= 65% nas cardiopatias acianóticas e >= 55% nas cardiopatias cianóticas). O desfecho primário foi a depuração do lactato nas primeiras 24 horas de pós-operatório. Os desfechos secundários foram a ocorrência de complicações pós-operatórias durante a internação hospitalar (insuficiência renal, vasoplegia, baixo débito cardíaco, arritmia, infecção, sangramento e reoperação), tempo de ventilação mecânica, tempo de uso de inotrópicos e de vasopressores e tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva e no hospital e mortalidade operatória. Também foram analisados dados hemodinâmicos e variáveis de perfusão tecidual dos pacientes no período perioperatório. Resultados: No período de julho de 2014 a março de 2016, 65 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. O número de pacientes que apresentou depuração dos níveis de lactato maior que 30% foi semelhante nos dois grupos (60% no grupo padrão e 59,4% no grupo intervenção, P=0,919). Não houve diferenças em relação a quantidade de dobutamina ou de transfusão de hemácias entre os grupos durante o protocolo. Em relação aos desfechos secundários, o grupo intervenção apresentou menor tempo de ventilação mecânica em comparação como grupo padrão (24,59 h ± 19,69 vs. 85,63 h ± 86,54, P < 0.001), menor tempo de uso de vasopressor [0 h (0-0) vs. 0 h (0-54), P = 0,021], e menor tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva [6 dias (4-10) vs. 8 dias (6-21), p = 0,030 ]. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos em relação aos outros desfechos. Conclusões: Em crianças submetidas a cirurgia cardíaca, uma estratégia de terapia hemodinâmica guiada tendo como alvo a adequação da saturação venosa central de oxigênio não teve impacto na depuração dos níveis de lactato em 24 horas. Entretanto, a estratégia de terapia hemodinâmica guiada foi associada a redução do tempo de ventilação mecânica, da necessidade de vasopressores e do tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva / Introduction: Perioperative hemodynamic therapy through defined goals improves outcomes in high surgical risk patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of a perioperative hemodynamic protocol based on the optimisation of the continuous oxygen central venous saturation reduces complications in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: This was a randomized clinical study, performed at the Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Universidade de São Paulo. Pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery were randomized to hemodynamic therapy based on continous monitorization of central venous saturation of oxgen through the PediaSat catheter (intervention group) or to usual care group. The intervention group during the intraoperative and in the first 24 hours of postoperative were submitted to a hemodynamic protocol of care based on the optimization of central venous saturation (SvcO2 >= 65% in acyanotic disorders and >= 55% in cyanotic disorders). The primary outcome was lactate clearance in 24 hours of postoperative. Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications during hospital stay (acute kidney injury, vasoplegic shock, low cardiac output syndrome, arrhythmia, infection, bleeding and reoperation), duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of inotropes and vasopressors, length of intensive care unit and hospital stay) and death. We also evaluated hemodynamic data and perfusion tissue markers in patients during perioperative care. Results: In the period of July 2014 to March 2016, 65 patients were included in the study. The number of patients presenting lactate clearance higher than 30% in 24 hours was not different between groups (60.6% in the usual care group and 59.4% in the intervention group, P=0.919). There was no difference between groups in the use of dobutamine and in the number of transfused red blood cells units during the protocol. The intervention group had a lower duration of mechanical ventilation when compared to usual care group (24.59 h ± 19.69 s. 85.63 h ± 86.54, P < 0.001). The intervention group had also lower duration of vasopressor therapy [0 h (0-0) vs. 0 h (0-54), P = 0,021], and reduced length of intensive care unit stay [6 days (4-10) vs. 8 days (6-21), p = 0,030].There was no differences between groups in other outcomes. Conclusions: In pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery, a strategy of hemodynamic optimization aiming to adequate central venous saturation of oxygen had no influence in lactate clearance. However, hemodynamic therapy was associated with a lower duration of mechanical ventilation, less needing of vasopressors and shorter length of intensive care unit stay
5

Terapia hemodinâmica guiada por saturação venosa central contínua em pacientes pediátricos submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca ensaio clínico randomizado / Hemodynamic therapy guided by continuous central venous oxygen saturation in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a clinical randomized study

Flavio Mauá Chaves Ferreira 21 May 2018 (has links)
Introdução: A terapia hemodinâmica perioperatória baseada em metas modificou a evolução dos pacientes pediátricos cirúrgicos de alto risco, demonstrando ser eficaz na redução de complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de um protocolo perioperatório guiado por metas baseado na adequação da saturação venosa central mensurada de forma contínua na perfusão tecidual e nas complicações pós-operatórias de pacientes pediátricos submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, randomizado, e controlado, realizado no Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Universidade de São Paulo(Incor-HCFMUSP). Pacientes pediátricos submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca eletiva foram randomizados para grupo terapia hemodinâmica baseado na monitorização da saturação venosa contínua pelo cateter PediaSat (grupo intervenção) ou para grupo padrão. O grupo intervenção foi tratado no intraoperatório e nas primeiras 24 horas de pós-operatório de acordo com um protocolo guiado por metas, baseado na adequação da saturação venosa central (SvcO2 >= 65% nas cardiopatias acianóticas e >= 55% nas cardiopatias cianóticas). O desfecho primário foi a depuração do lactato nas primeiras 24 horas de pós-operatório. Os desfechos secundários foram a ocorrência de complicações pós-operatórias durante a internação hospitalar (insuficiência renal, vasoplegia, baixo débito cardíaco, arritmia, infecção, sangramento e reoperação), tempo de ventilação mecânica, tempo de uso de inotrópicos e de vasopressores e tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva e no hospital e mortalidade operatória. Também foram analisados dados hemodinâmicos e variáveis de perfusão tecidual dos pacientes no período perioperatório. Resultados: No período de julho de 2014 a março de 2016, 65 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. O número de pacientes que apresentou depuração dos níveis de lactato maior que 30% foi semelhante nos dois grupos (60% no grupo padrão e 59,4% no grupo intervenção, P=0,919). Não houve diferenças em relação a quantidade de dobutamina ou de transfusão de hemácias entre os grupos durante o protocolo. Em relação aos desfechos secundários, o grupo intervenção apresentou menor tempo de ventilação mecânica em comparação como grupo padrão (24,59 h ± 19,69 vs. 85,63 h ± 86,54, P < 0.001), menor tempo de uso de vasopressor [0 h (0-0) vs. 0 h (0-54), P = 0,021], e menor tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva [6 dias (4-10) vs. 8 dias (6-21), p = 0,030 ]. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos em relação aos outros desfechos. Conclusões: Em crianças submetidas a cirurgia cardíaca, uma estratégia de terapia hemodinâmica guiada tendo como alvo a adequação da saturação venosa central de oxigênio não teve impacto na depuração dos níveis de lactato em 24 horas. Entretanto, a estratégia de terapia hemodinâmica guiada foi associada a redução do tempo de ventilação mecânica, da necessidade de vasopressores e do tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva / Introduction: Perioperative hemodynamic therapy through defined goals improves outcomes in high surgical risk patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of a perioperative hemodynamic protocol based on the optimisation of the continuous oxygen central venous saturation reduces complications in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: This was a randomized clinical study, performed at the Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Universidade de São Paulo. Pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery were randomized to hemodynamic therapy based on continous monitorization of central venous saturation of oxgen through the PediaSat catheter (intervention group) or to usual care group. The intervention group during the intraoperative and in the first 24 hours of postoperative were submitted to a hemodynamic protocol of care based on the optimization of central venous saturation (SvcO2 >= 65% in acyanotic disorders and >= 55% in cyanotic disorders). The primary outcome was lactate clearance in 24 hours of postoperative. Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications during hospital stay (acute kidney injury, vasoplegic shock, low cardiac output syndrome, arrhythmia, infection, bleeding and reoperation), duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of inotropes and vasopressors, length of intensive care unit and hospital stay) and death. We also evaluated hemodynamic data and perfusion tissue markers in patients during perioperative care. Results: In the period of July 2014 to March 2016, 65 patients were included in the study. The number of patients presenting lactate clearance higher than 30% in 24 hours was not different between groups (60.6% in the usual care group and 59.4% in the intervention group, P=0.919). There was no difference between groups in the use of dobutamine and in the number of transfused red blood cells units during the protocol. The intervention group had a lower duration of mechanical ventilation when compared to usual care group (24.59 h ± 19.69 s. 85.63 h ± 86.54, P < 0.001). The intervention group had also lower duration of vasopressor therapy [0 h (0-0) vs. 0 h (0-54), P = 0,021], and reduced length of intensive care unit stay [6 days (4-10) vs. 8 days (6-21), p = 0,030].There was no differences between groups in other outcomes. Conclusions: In pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery, a strategy of hemodynamic optimization aiming to adequate central venous saturation of oxygen had no influence in lactate clearance. However, hemodynamic therapy was associated with a lower duration of mechanical ventilation, less needing of vasopressors and shorter length of intensive care unit stay
6

Estudo randomizado para avaliação da terapia guiada por metas em cirurgia cardíaca de alto risco / A randomized controlled trial to evaluate goal directed therapy in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Eduardo Atsushi Osawa 11 November 2015 (has links)
Introdução: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da terapia guiada por metas (TGM) sobre desfechos em pacientes de alto risco submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo randomizado que avaliou 126 pacientes submetidos às cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio ou valvar internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Cirúrgica (UTI) do Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Os pacientes foram randomizados para um algoritmo de terapia guiada por metas (grupo TGM, n=62) ou grupo controle (n=64). No grupo TGM, um índice cardíaco superior a 3 L/min/m2 foi utilizado como alvo através de fluidos, inotrópicos e transfusão de concentrado de hemácias, com início após desmame da circulação extracorpórea e com término após 8 horas de admissão na UTI. Resultados: O desfecho primário foi um composto de mortalidade e complicações maiores em 30 dias. Os pacientes do grupo TGM receberam maior volume (mediana e intervalo interquartílico) de fluidos em relação ao grupo controle [1000 (625 - 1500) vs. 500 (500 - 1000) mL (P < 0,001)], e não houve diferença na administração de inotrópicos ou hemotransfusão. A incidência do desfecho primário foi menor no grupo TGM (27,4 vs. 45,3%, p=0,037). O grupo TGM apresentou menor incidência de infecção (12,9 vs. 29,7%, P=0,002) síndrome do baixo débito cardíaco (6,5 vs. 26,6%, P=0.002). Foram também observados menor dose acumulada de dobutamina (12 vs. 19 mg/Kg, P=0,003), menor tempo de internação na UTI (3 [3-4] vs. 5 [4-7] dias; P < 0,001) e no hospital (9 [8-16] vs. 12 [9-22] dias, P=0,049) no grupo TGM comparado ao grupo controle. Não houve diferença nas taxas de mortalidade em 30 dias. (4,8% vs. 9,4%, respectivamente; P = 0,492). Conclusão: A estratégia de terapia guiada por metas através de fluidos, inotrópicos e transfusão sanguínea reduziu a incidência de complicações maiores em 30 dias em pacientes de alto risco submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca / Introduction: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of goal-directed therapy on outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial that evaluated 126 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass or valve repair in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Heart Institute/Faculty of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo. Patients were randomized to a cardiac output-guided hemodynamic therapy algorithm (GDT group, n=62) or to usual care (n=64). In the GDT arm, a cardiac index of greater than 3 L/min/m2 was targeted with intravenous fluids, inotropes and red blood cell transfusion starting from cardiopulmonary bypass and ending eight hours after arrival to the ICU. Results: The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of 30-day mortality and major postoperative complications. Patients from the GDT group received a greater median (interquartile range) volume of intra-venous fluids than the usual care group [1000 (625 - 1500) vs. 500 (500 - 1000) mL (P<0.001)], with no differences in the administration of either inotropes or red blood cell transfusions. The primary outcome was reduced in the GDT group (27.4 vs. 45.3%, p=0.037). The GDT group had a lower incidence of infection (12.9 vs. 29.7%, P=0.002) and low cardiac output syndrome (6.5 vs. 26.6%, P=0.002). We also observed lower ICU cumulative dosage of dobutamine (12 vs. 19 mg/Kg, P=0.003) and a shorter ICU (3 [3-4] vs. 5 [4-7] days; P < 0.001) and hospital length of stay (9 [8-16] vs. 12 [9-22] days, P=0.049) in the GDT compared to the usual care group. There were no differences in 30-day mortality rates (4.8% vs. 9.4%, respectively; P = 0.492). Conclusions: Goal directed therapy using fluids, inotropes and blood transfusion reduced 30-day major complications in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery
7

Hemodynamika v časné fázi kritických stavů a perioperační medicíně / Hemodynamics in the early stages of the critical illness and in the perioperative setting

Beneš, Jan January 2012 (has links)
Beneš J.: HEMODYNAMIKA V ČASNÉ FÁZI KRITICKÝCH STAVŮ A PERIOPERAČNÍ MEDICÍNĚ - Využití méně invazivních monitorovacích prostředků k cílené hemodynamické péči ABSTRACT Hemodynamic instability occurs very often in critically ill patients and during the perioperative period. Insufficiency in the preload, contractility and afterload contribute in major part to this phenomenon. Hemodynamic monitoring allows clinicians to recognize and to intervene early the underlying cause. Due to new technologies development in recent years it is possible to provide continuous monitoring of hemodynamic parameters with diminished invasivity. Hemodynamic optimization and goal directed therapy show treatment benefit in some groups of critically ill patients and mainly during the perioperative period. Aim of hemodynamic optimizations is to attain the best obtainable hemodynamic conditions with use of fluid loading and inotropic support. In many studies in recent years goal-directed therapy was associated with morbidity and mortality reduction. According to the results of our clinical research hemodynamic optimization using stroke volume variation and minimally invasive device based on the pressure wave analysis is feasible and show the same results as other works with more invasive devices. Key words Hemodynamic monitoring,...

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