Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, 2015. / Submitted by Ana Cristina Barbosa da Silva (annabds@hotmail.com) on 2015-04-27T15:56:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_DaniloFilgueiraMendonça.pdf: 15442097 bytes, checksum: 3fd8f92515216f0962560e658342894f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2015-05-14T19:16:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_DaniloFilgueiraMendonça.pdf: 15442097 bytes, checksum: 3fd8f92515216f0962560e658342894f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T19:16:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_DaniloFilgueiraMendonça.pdf: 15442097 bytes, checksum: 3fd8f92515216f0962560e658342894f (MD5) / Um contexto de operação estático não é a realidade para muitos sistemas de software atualmente. Variações de contextos impõe novos desafios ao desenvolvimento de sistemas seguros, o que inclui a ativação de falhas apenas em contextos específicos de operação. A engenharia de requisitos orientada a objetivos (GORE) explicita o ‘por quê’ dos requisitos de um sistema, isto é, a intencionalidade por trás de objetivos do sistema e os meios de se atingi-los. Um Runtime goal model (RGM) adiciona especificação de comportamento ao modelo de objetivos convencional, enquanto um Contextual goal model (CGM) especifica efeitos de contextos sobre objetivos, meios e métricas de qualidade. Visando uma verificação formal da dependabilidade de um Contextual-Runtime goal model (CRGM), nesse trabalho é proposta uma nova abordagem para a análise de dependabilidade orientada a objetivos baseada na técnica de verificação probabilística de modelos. Em particular, são definidas regras para a transformação de um CRGM para um modelo cadeia de Makov de tempo discreto (DTMC) com o qual se possa verificar a confiabilidade de se satisfazer um ou mais objetivos do sistema. Adicionalmente, para diminuir o esforço de análise e aumentar a usabilidade de nossa proposta, um gerador automatizado de código CRGM para DTMC foi implementado e integrado com sucesso à ferramenta gráfica que dá suporte às fases de modelagem e análise de objetivos da metodologia TROPOS. A verificação contextual de dependabilidade resultante reflete os requisitos no CRGM, que podem representar: o projeto de um sistema, cuja verificação ocorreria em fase de projetos; ou um sistema em execução, cujo comportamento pode ser verificado em tempo de execução como parte de uma análise de auto-adaptação com foco em dependabilidade. / A static and stable operation environment is not a reality for many systems nowadays. Context variations impose many threats to systems safety, including the activation of context specific failures. Goal-oriented requirements engineering (GORE) brings forward the ‘why’ of system requirements, i.e., the intentionality behind system goals and the means to meet then. A runtime goal model adds a behaviour specification layer to a conventional design goal model, and a contextual goal model specifies the context effects over system goals, means and qualitative metrics. In order to formally verify the dependability of a CRGM, we propose a new goal-oriented dependability analysis based on the probabilistic model checking technique. In particular, we define rules for the transformation of a CRGM into a DTMC model that can be verified for the reliability of the fulfilment of one or more system goals. Also, to mitigate the analysis overhead and increase the usability of our proposal, we have successfully implemented and integrated a CRGM to DTMC code generator to the graphical tool that supports the goal modelling and analysis phases of the TROPOS development methodology. The resulting contextual dependability verification reflects the system requirements in a CRGM, which may represent: a system-to-be, whose verification would take place at design-time; or a running system, whose behaviour can be verified at runtime as part of a self-adaptation analysis targeting dependability.

This thesis investigates the patterning of the Algonquian “central agreement”, i.e. the primary person-number agreement marking, from a diachronic and comparative perspective. The central agreement patterns differ in the two orders: in the conjunct it is fusional and often portmanteau while in the independent it is discontinuous and non-portmanteau. In addition to these differences, there are also some commonalities, such as a pattern in which 1p consistently outranks 2p in both orders. This thesis shows that the differences between the two orders can be taken to reflect variation in the features of the syntactic probe and different morphological spell-out rules, while the shared properties follow from the underlying structure of φ-features. In particular, it is proposed that an additional person feature under the [plural] node causes first person plural to be privileged over second person plural in the competition among vocabulary items in post-syntactic spellout. / October 2016

This thesis presents a preliminary goal oriented modeling of situation awareness in a command and control system. Tropos, an agent oriented software development methodology, has been used for modeling. Use of Tropos allows us to represent, at the knowledge level, the Command and Control actors along with their goals and interdependencies. Through refinement we aim to derive an architectural design for the Situation Awareness component of an Air Defense Command and Control system. This work suggests that goal oriented methodologies can be successfully used in the modeling of the complex systems at the requirement analysis phase. By analyzing dependencies between Command and Control entities, it should be possible to improve the modularity of the Command and Control system architecture.

While several approaches exist for modeling goals and business processes in organizations, the relationships between these two views are often not well defined. This inhibits the effective reuse of available knowledge in models. This thesis aims to address this issue through the introduction of a Goal-oriented Pattern Family (GoPF) framework that helps constructing business process models from organization goals while expanding these goals, establishing traceability relationships between the goal and process views, and improving reusability. Methods for extracting domain knowledge as patterns, which are composed of goal model building blocks, process model building blocks, and their relationships, and for maintaining the patterns over time are also presented. The GoPF framework provides the infrastructure for defining pattern families, i.e., collections of related patterns for particular domains. The foundation of GoPF is formalized as a profile of the User Requirements Notation, a standard modeling language that supports goals, scenarios, and links between them. A method for the use of GoPF is defined and then illustrated through a case study that targets the improvement of patient safety in healthcare organizations. The framework and the extraction/maintenance methods are also validated against another case study involving aviation security in a regulatory environment. The GoPF framework is expected to have a positive impact on the scientific community through the formalization, evolution, and reuse of patterns in domain-specific business domains. From an industrial viewpoint, this framework will also help intermediary organizations (such as consulting firms) who are required to repeatedly create and document goal and process models for other organizations in their business domain.

While several approaches exist for modeling goals and business processes in organizations, the relationships between these two views are often not well defined. This inhibits the effective reuse of available knowledge in models. This thesis aims to address this issue through the introduction of a Goal-oriented Pattern Family (GoPF) framework that helps constructing business process models from organization goals while expanding these goals, establishing traceability relationships between the goal and process views, and improving reusability. Methods for extracting domain knowledge as patterns, which are composed of goal model building blocks, process model building blocks, and their relationships, and for maintaining the patterns over time are also presented. The GoPF framework provides the infrastructure for defining pattern families, i.e., collections of related patterns for particular domains. The foundation of GoPF is formalized as a profile of the User Requirements Notation, a standard modeling language that supports goals, scenarios, and links between them. A method for the use of GoPF is defined and then illustrated through a case study that targets the improvement of patient safety in healthcare organizations. The framework and the extraction/maintenance methods are also validated against another case study involving aviation security in a regulatory environment. The GoPF framework is expected to have a positive impact on the scientific community through the formalization, evolution, and reuse of patterns in domain-specific business domains. From an industrial viewpoint, this framework will also help intermediary organizations (such as consulting firms) who are required to repeatedly create and document goal and process models for other organizations in their business domain.

While several approaches exist for modeling goals and business processes in organizations, the relationships between these two views are often not well defined. This inhibits the effective reuse of available knowledge in models. This thesis aims to address this issue through the introduction of a Goal-oriented Pattern Family (GoPF) framework that helps constructing business process models from organization goals while expanding these goals, establishing traceability relationships between the goal and process views, and improving reusability. Methods for extracting domain knowledge as patterns, which are composed of goal model building blocks, process model building blocks, and their relationships, and for maintaining the patterns over time are also presented. The GoPF framework provides the infrastructure for defining pattern families, i.e., collections of related patterns for particular domains. The foundation of GoPF is formalized as a profile of the User Requirements Notation, a standard modeling language that supports goals, scenarios, and links between them. A method for the use of GoPF is defined and then illustrated through a case study that targets the improvement of patient safety in healthcare organizations. The framework and the extraction/maintenance methods are also validated against another case study involving aviation security in a regulatory environment. The GoPF framework is expected to have a positive impact on the scientific community through the formalization, evolution, and reuse of patterns in domain-specific business domains. From an industrial viewpoint, this framework will also help intermediary organizations (such as consulting firms) who are required to repeatedly create and document goal and process models for other organizations in their business domain.

<p>This thesis emphasizes on surveying the state-of-the-art in software requirements specification with a focus on, autonomic, self-adapting software systems. Since various requirements are brought forward accord with environments, modeling requirements for adaptive software systems may be changed at run-time. Nowadays, Keep All Objectives Satisfied (KAOS) is an effective method to build goal model. Various manipulations, such as change, remove, active and de-active goals, appear new goals, could mediate conflicts among goals in adaptive software system. At specification time, specifications of event sequences to be monitored are generated from requirements specification.</p>

This thesis emphasizes on surveying the state-of-the-art in software requirements specification with a focus on, autonomic, self-adapting software systems. Since various requirements are brought forward accord with environments, modeling requirements for adaptive software systems may be changed at run-time. Nowadays, Keep All Objectives Satisfied (KAOS) is an effective method to build goal model. Various manipulations, such as change, remove, active and de-active goals, appear new goals, could mediate conflicts among goals in adaptive software system. At specification time, specifications of event sequences to be monitored are generated from requirements specification.

The growing need for computer software in different sectors of activity, (health, agriculture, industries, education, aeronautic, science and telecommunication) together with the increasing reliance of the society as a whole on information technology, is placing a heavy and fast growing demand on complex and high quality software systems. In this regard, the anticipation has been on non-functional requirements (NFRs) engineering and formal methods. Despite their common objective, these techniques have in most cases evolved separately. NFRs engineering proceeds firstly, by deriving measures to evaluate the quality of the constructed software (product-oriented approach), and secondarily by improving the engineering process (process-oriented approach). With the ability to combine the analysis of both functional and non-functional requirements, Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering (GORE) approaches have become de facto leading requirements engineering methods. They propose through refinement/operationalisation, means to satisfy NFRs encoded in softgoals at an early phase of software development. On the other side, formal methods have kept, so far, their promise to eliminate errors in software artefacts to produce high quality software products and are therefore particularly solicited for safety and mission critical systems for which a single error may cause great loss including human life. This thesis introduces the concept of Complementary Non-functional action (CNF-action) to extend the analysis and development of NFRs beyond the traditional goals/softgoals analysis, based on refinement/operationalisation, and to propagate the influence of NFRs to other software construction phases. Mechanisms are also developed to integrate the formal technique Z/Object-Z into the standardised User Requirements Notation (URN) to formalise GRL models describing functional and non-functional requirements, to propagate CNF-actions of the formalised NFRs to UCMs maps, to facilitate URN construction process and the quality of URN models. / School of Computing / D. Phil (Computer Science)