Ecological goods and services (EG&S) represent the benefits that humans derive from ecosystem functions. The private wealth implications of on-farm EG&S practices that promote wildlife habitat are determined for the Lower Souris River Watershed in South-eastern Saskatchewan. Monte Carlo simulation is used, coupled with NPV analysis, to examine the impacts of practices at a representative farm level. Linear programming is utilized to determine the farm wealth implications of imposing landscape targets across selected parts of the study area. In both models, implementing an EG&S policy or practice comes with costs to farm wealth. Potential exceptions include converting cropland to tame pasture, and EG&S enhancing herd management practices. However, without policy intervention there is continued conversion of native prairie, perennial forage, and lotic riparian landscapes to cropland. Imposing landscape targets preserves these landscape uses, but with a loss in private economic value ranging from $3,196 to $7,179 per quarter section. / Agricultural and Resource Economics

No description available.

Diploma thesis deals with the development of export and import of goods and services of EU in years 2001 - 2007. There is the summary of the course before the crisis in 2001-2007 described in this work. The crisis didn't start in all EU countries at the same time. Old member countries were mostly hit by the crisis earlier than new member countries. Current crisis has had big influence at the export and the import of goods and services of EU. Crisis showed us lack both in Eurozone and in EU too.

The main purpose of the study is to explore how certain socio-economic determinants shape the way consumers behave in the consumption of wedding goods and services. These socio-economic determinants include: price, education, family tradition, social constraints and self-expression. A set of questions related to the main research question was raised in order to better illustrate the relationship between these determinants and the consumption action, as well as to discover, reveal and comprehend the complexity of the Chinese wedding industry. Both a self-completion web-administered online survey and electronic interviews were carried out to collect primary data in order to get a confirmatory set of results. The results from both of the survey and the interviews have shown that these socio-economic factors are related to the individual behaviour in the consumption of wedding goods and services. But the impact is not as strong and obvious as expected. Respondents’ perceived satisfaction differ from each other but not necessarily link to their consumption tendency according to the survey. It also revealed the fact that social convention and family tradition can help shaping the decision-making process to a certain extent. However, interviewees showed their enthusiasm to the concept of self-expression and autonomy. They found the self concept more important than tradition and convention when making choices, despite that they admitted that it would be impossible to completely discard the traditions.

This thesis analyses what effects foreign direct investments (FDI) has on a firm’s gross profit, wages and labour productivity. Focus is on the Swedish industrial goods and service sector which has shown on a rapid growth of offshore production. We use a theoretical framework with FDI and productivity theories. As a result of cost efficient alternatives to domestic production, a firm’s productivity should fall in the case of increased foreign production. Although, the increase in gross profit should rule out the negative affect that a decrease in productivity cause. There is a positive relationship between offshore production and gross profits, and expanded foreign production leads to a decreased wage rate. However, increased foreign employment showed a boost the labour productivity, which is wrong from a theoretical point of view. / I den här uppsatsen analyseras hur utländska direktinvesteringar påverkar företags vinster, löner och arbetsproduktivitet. Fokus är ställt på svenska företag inom sektorn industriella varor och tjänster. Den teoretiska delen tar upp utländska direktinvesteringar och arbetsproduktivitet. Som ett resultat av kostnadseffektiva alternativ utomlands, borde arbetsproduktiviteten falla om den utländska produktionen ökar. Den väntade vinstökningen efter utlandslokalisering borde dock ge en generell positiv effekt. Den empiriska delen visar ett positivt samband mellan utlandslokalisering och vinst. Bevis finnes också för att medellönen sjunker när utlandslokaliseringen ökar. Empiriska resultat visar också att ökad utlandslokalisering ökar arbetsproduktiviteten, vilket ur teoretisk ståndpunkt inte stämmer.

<p>This thesis analyses what effects foreign direct investments (FDI) has on a firm’s gross profit, wages and labour productivity. Focus is on the Swedish industrial goods and service sector which has shown on a rapid growth of offshore production. We use a theoretical framework with FDI and productivity theories. As a result of cost efficient alternatives to domestic production, a firm’s productivity should fall in the case of increased foreign production. Although, the increase in gross profit should rule out the negative affect that a decrease in productivity cause.</p><p>There is a positive relationship between offshore production and gross profits, and expanded foreign production leads to a decreased wage rate. However, increased foreign employment showed a boost the labour productivity, which is wrong from a theoretical point of view.</p> / <p>I den här uppsatsen analyseras hur utländska direktinvesteringar påverkar företags vinster, löner och arbetsproduktivitet. Fokus är ställt på svenska företag inom sektorn industriella varor och tjänster. Den teoretiska delen tar upp utländska direktinvesteringar och arbetsproduktivitet. Som ett resultat av kostnadseffektiva alternativ utomlands, borde arbetsproduktiviteten falla om den utländska produktionen ökar. Den väntade vinstökningen efter utlandslokalisering borde dock ge en generell positiv effekt.</p><p>Den empiriska delen visar ett positivt samband mellan utlandslokalisering och vinst. Bevis finnes också för att medellönen sjunker när utlandslokaliseringen ökar. Empiriska resultat visar också att ökad utlandslokalisering ökar arbetsproduktiviteten, vilket ur teoretisk ståndpunkt inte stämmer.</p>

The role of shelterbelts within prairie agriculture is changing. In the past, shelterbelts have been promoted and adopted for soil stabilization and their ability to protect farmsteads and livestock from harsh prairie climates. In today’s agricultural landscape advances in production technology, an increase in farm size, and changes to policy have changed the circumstances in which decisions related to shelterbelts are made. The objective of this research is to identify the costs, benefits and the barriers to adoption and retention of shelterbelts that influence agricultural producers and landowners’ management decisions related to shelterbelts in the Canadian Prairies. In the summer of 2013, surveys of producers and landowners from throughout the province of Saskatchewan (and several from Alberta) were conducted. Using the information collected in the surveys, the costs and benefits (both economic and non-economic), and potential barriers to adoption and retention of shelterbelts that influence producer’s management decisions were identified and analyzed. This research identified that overall shelterbelts removal is increasing and that there are many barriers to adoption and retention for agricultural producers related to the economic costs. In addition, it was found that many of the benefits of shelterbelts are non-economic and more difficult for producers and landowners to recognize within their operations. Going forward, shelterbelts have the potential to play a major role in climate change mitigation by sequestering significant amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) into the soil and as biomass carbon in aboveground and belowground parts of planted shelterbelt trees or shrubs within the agricultural landscape. In addition, shelterbelts provide many ecological goods and services to landowners and society. In conclusion, understanding the context in which producers are making decisions related to shelterbelts within their operations is important from an agricultural production, climate change, and policy perspective.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [82]-87).

The opening chapter gives a general overwiev of Czech and Italian national economies' characteristics. The second chapter treats the system of national export assistance adopted in the Czech Republic. Consequentially, the third chapter is dedicated to the export policy of Italy. A comparison of Czech and Italian export policies from various points of view is put forth in the fourth chapter.

Thesis advisor: James E. Anderson / This dissertation consists of two essays in international economics with a focus on the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on an economy through their impact on international capital flows and international trade. The first chapter examines the effect of exchange rate risk in foreign investors' payoff on the informativeness of security prices and home bias in portfolio holdings. I present a model with dispersed private information where foreign investors' payoff differs from domestic investors' payoff because of exchange rate changes. The equilibrium asset price aggregates private information and acts as a public signal about future payoffs. I show that higher private information acquired by foreign investors about their exchange rate adjusted payoff has two opposing effects on the information obtained by domestic investors from the equilibrium price. First, foreign investors' private information increases information about asset payoff in domestic currency, which increases information about domestic investors' payoff in the price. On the other hand, foreign investors' private information increases information about exchange rate changes, which lowers the relative information about domestic investors' payoff in the price. This second effect is higher if exchange rate volatility is high. I find support for the model's implication by using firm-level data (2000-2016) and showing that foreign institutional ownership\footnote{the fraction of common stocks outstanding that is foreign-owned} of firms from higher exchange rate volatility countries is associated with lower price informativeness. The second chapter improves on current treatment of exchange rate variation in quantitative trade models. Exchange rate changes with heterogeneous passthrough to buyers are embedded in the structural gravity model. Quantification on two digit annual bilateral trade data reveals real effects of exchange rate changes on producers that are substantial for some country-sector-time period observations. Real national income effects are small but not always negligible. Effective exchange Rates with Gravitas (ERGs) are introduced as theory-consistent indexes to guide potential policy remedies. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Economics.