This paper aims to determine the value of the product based on the mathematical concept of Differential Privacy, by assessing the value of the business opportunities it enables and the value of the possible GDPR-fines it prevents. To delimit the scope of the research the analysis will focus on what the value of personal data is for companies within the mobility sector. Mobility is a cross-industrial sector consisting of companies within connectivity-technology, transportation, and automotive. The method used to assess the final value of anonymizing personal data, such as consumer data, using a DP-solution (meaning, an implementation of the theory) has consisted of both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis aims to assess the ‘Cost of Risk’ for mobility companies that are exposed to personal integrity regulation due to data processing. To further conclude the true cost of the financial impact caused by getting fined for infringing on privacy regulation because of unlawful data processing is done through a complementary qualitative assessment. Lastly, the 'Opportunity Cost', or rather the cost of missed financial opportunities, is determined qualitatively for a case study company within Sweden’s mobility ecosystem to conclude the overall value of a DP-solution for a specific company. The final product of this research paper is to provide a framework assessing the total value, for specifically companies in the mobility sector, of implementing differential privacy solutions. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att fastställa värdet av anonymisering baserat på det matematiska konceptet Differential Privacy, genom att bedöma värdet av de affärsmöjligheter det skapar, samt värdet av de möjliga GDPR- böter det förhindrar. För att avgränsa studiens omfattning består analysen endast av att uppskatta dessa värden för företag inom mobilitetssektorn. Mobilitetssektorn är en tvärindustriell sektor som består av företag inom uppkoppling-, transport- och bilindustrin. Metoden som använts för att ta fram det slutliga värdet av att anonymisera persondata genom en differential privacy lösning, består både av en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ analys. Målet med den kvantitativa analysen är att estimera kostnadsrisken för företag inom mobilitetssektorn som exponeras mot GDPR-böter med avseende på dess datahantering. För att vidare ta reda på den totala finansiella inverkan av sådana böter, kompletteras analysen av en kvalitativ studie, som delvis omfattas av de finansiella möjligheterna ett företag går miste om i en sådan situation. Den kvalitativa analysen består också av en fallstudie av ett svenskt företag inom mobilitetssektorn, med målet att estimera värdet av de affärsmöjligheter som uppstår med hjälp av anonymisering av data. Slutligen är målet med denna uppsats att förse läsaren med att ramverk för att estimera det totala värdet av att implementera differential privacy lösningar i företag inom mobilitetssektorn.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:26:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiano Maciel Carneiro Leao.pdf: 392528 bytes, checksum: 1252eccfde01f96d3495999f83348d64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-25 / The present work has the purpose of analyzing the amendments to the 1988 Federal Constitution resulting from the Constitutional Amendment n.º 33/2001, more specifically as regards to the ICMS Importation [State Goods and Services Circulation Tax]. As it is known, it is not a new matter that the States and the Federal District are trying to collect the ICMS Importation on every and any entrance of assets or goods to the country. They were lacking only the indispensable constitutional authorization in order to do that. The legislator of the aforementioned Amendment, on its side, tried to make effective the intention of the States and the Federal District, taking steps for the amendment of the constitutional archetype of the ICMS Importation so as such tribute could be collected at the time of every and any importation, regardless the nature of the operation arranged abroad, who/which is fostering it and, finally, the utilization to be given to the imported assets. It seems to us that the intention, as referred to, was very successful as regards to some of its purposes as the newest ICMS Importation can be collected by means of the in abstracto tribute levying as regards to assets or goods, not taking into account the utilization that will be given to them. However, the purpose of the Constitutional Amendment n.º 33/01 was not fully reached. This problem so happened because the Amendment had not the ability of modifying the archetype of the ICMS Importation so as such exaction could have an incidence over merely physical circulations. Due to that reason, it is our conclusion, and the conclusion of the present work, that in spite of the modification as implemented by the Constitutional Amendment n.º 33/01 regarding the ICMS Importation, the exaction, as referred to, may not have an incidence over mere physical circulation, but only over operations that have to do with juridical circulation that is made effective only with the transfer of the ownership of the asset or good / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as alterações da Constituição Federal de 1988 produzidas pela Emenda Constitucional n.º 33/2001, mais especificamente em relação ao ICMS Importação. Não é de agora que os Estados e o Distrito Federal vêm tentando operar a cobrança de ICMS Importação sobre toda e qualquer entrada de bens ou mercadorias no país. Faltava-lhes tão-somente a indispensável autorização constitucional para tanto. A Emenda tentou realizar o anseio dos Estados e do Distrito Federal promovendo a alteração do arquétipo constitucional do ICMS Importação, de modo que tal tributo pudesse ser cobrado por ocasião de toda e qualquer importação, independentemente da natureza da operação entabulada no exterior, de quem a promove e da destinação dos bens importados. Parece-nos que a intenção foi bem-sucedida em relação a parte de seus objetivos, pois o novel ICMS Importação pode ser cobrado mediante a instituição do tributo in abstracto relativamente a bens ou mercadorias independentemente da destinação que lhes for dada, o que afeta, necessariamente, o rol das pessoas que podem ser contribuintes de tal exação. O objetivo da Emenda Constitucional n.º 33/01, todavia, não foi alcançado integralmente. Isso porque a mesma não teve o condão de modificar o arquétipo do ICMS Importação para que tal exação pudesse incidir sobre circulações meramente físicas. Em razão disso, é nossa conclusão, e conclusão do presente trabalho, que, a despeito das modificações implementadas pela Emenda Constitucional n.º 33/01 quanto ao ICMS Importação, a pretendida exação não pode incidir sobre mera circulação física, mas tão-somente sobre operações que contemplem circulação jurídica, que só se opera com a transferência da titularidade de bem ou mercadoria

<p>In most business sectors environmental programs focus on direct, production-related environmental impacts. The design and development of products with reduced environmental impact is considered more difficult. The opposite applies in the environmental technology sector. The business model of environmental technology companies focuses on delivering solutions that contribute to improving the environmental performance of their customers. Products and services delivered by this sector have prominent environmental profiles. However, companies in this sector may not necessarily set and implement environmental goals for their own activities and manufacturing processes, and may not clearly distinguish between production and product related environmental aspects.</p><p>This thesis presents results of an online survey of environmental technology companies listed by the Swedish Environmental Technology Council (Swentec). The survey found that depending on the subsector, only between 21% and 45% of companies provide information about their environmental work on their website.</p><p>Environmental impacts of a company may be product and/or production related. The survey found that these dimensions are treated differently, and are not always clearly differentiated in environmental tools and guidelines, such as the ISO 14000 series, the Reporting Guidelines for UK Business, the GRI and The Swedish Annual Accounts (ÅRL). There are also differences in the ways that information about production and product related environmental impacts are considered within the environmental technology industry. Some companies clearly distinguish between product and activity related environmental issues, while others are unclear about the distinction between their products and their activities in environmental policies and management. While some companies in the sector limit the environmental information they disseminate to the environmental benefits of their products, others explicitly articulate that the predominantly product related environmental profiles in the sector drive them to additionally minimise environmental impacts of their own activities.</p><p>This thesis proposes environmental aspects of products and production as bases for corporate environmental profiles, corporate greening, and for defining ‘green’ and ‘green-green’ business, and concludes that companies within the environmental industry should be expected to be green-green business. This thesis concludes that companies within the environmental technology sector should increase their use of both production and product related environmental profile information in their presentations on their own websites and at platforms such as Swentec. Furthermore, the thesis shows that the use of the term ‘process’ within environmental technology sector to describe both the companies’ own operations and their products can create ambiguities in understanding. Companies that deliver ‘processes’ as products should avoid ambiguity by describing their own operations with terms such as ‘production processes’, ‘production’, ‘manufacturing process’, ‘operation’ or ‘activity’.</p> / <p>Ett företags miljöpåverkan kan vara kopplad till tillverkningsprocesser och till produkter. Miljöprogram inom de flesta industrisektorer är inriktade på direkta, produktionsrelaterade miljöaspekter. Däremot anses design och utveckling av produkter med minskad miljöpåverkan svårare. Inom miljötekniksektorn gäller det motsatta. Miljöteknikföretag erbjuder produkter och tjänster med framträdande miljöprofil och levererar lösningar som bidrar till förbättrad miljöprestanda hos deras kunder. Det betyder inte nödvändigtvis att dessa företag arbetar med miljömässiga mål för egna aktiviteter och tillverkningsprocesser, dvs. att dessa företag gör distinktion mellan tillverknings- och produktrelaterade miljöaspekter.</p><p> </p><p>Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att öka förståelse av och insikt i miljöengagemang och miljöprofil inom miljöteknikföretag. Studien innehåller en onlineundersökning av miljöarbetet inom företag som är listade av Sveriges miljöteknikråd, Swentec i dess nätverk för den svenska miljöteknik­ sektorn. Studien visar att, beroende på undersektor, mellan 21 % och 45 % av företagen i undersökta miljöteknikområden har lagt ut information om sitt miljöarbete på företagets hemsida. Information om produktions- och produktrelaterade miljöfrågor varierar. Det finns företag som tydligt skiljer mellan produktorienterade miljöfrågor och miljöfrågor som berör deras tillverkningsprocesser och aktiviteter. Andra företag gör ingen tydlig åtskillnad mellan dessa frågor i sina miljöpolicydokument och miljöprogram. Vissa företag i branschen begränsar sin miljöinformation till miljömässiga fördelar med deras produkter. Det finns dock företag som tydligt uttalar att sektorns produktrelaterade miljöprofil är en drivkraft för att minimera miljöpåverkan från sin egen verksamhet.</p><p>I studien framkommer också att produktions- och produktrelaterade miljöaspekter behandlas på olika sätt, och är inte alltid tydligt differentierade i olika miljöverktyg och riktlinjer, som i ISO 14000 serien, Rapporteringsriktlinjer för UK Business, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) och i den svenska årsredovisningslagen (ÅRL).</p><p> </p><p>Produktions- och produktrelaterade miljöaspekter föreslås som dimensioner i ett företags miljöprofil och i beskrivning av företagets miljövänlighet. Det samma gäller som grund för definition av ’gröna’ och ’grön-gröna’ företag. En viktig ståndpunkt i denna avhandling är att företag inom miljötekniksektorn bör vara ’grön-gröna’ företag och att dessa företag bör öka användningen av informationen om produktions- och produktrelaterad miljöprofil, både på sina egna hemsidor och i sina presentationer inom nätverk som Swentec. Dessutom visar studien att användningen av begreppet "process" inom miljöteknikföretag för såväl den egna verksamheten som för sina produkter i vissa fall är otydlig. För att undvika denna oklarhet bör företag med ’processer’ som egna produkter, beskriva företagens egna verksamheter med begrepp som ’produktionsprocess’, ’produktion’, ’tillverkningsprocess’, ’aktiviteter’ eller liknande.</p>

Per XX a. paskutinius dešimtmečius viešojo ir privataus sektorių santykis gerokai pasikeitė. Tradiciškai viešojo sektoriaus veiklos sričiai priskirtų paslaugų teikimui ar infrastruktūros modernizavimui ir plėtimui imta naudoti viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystę. Koncesija yra vienas iš partnerystės modeliu. Ją galima apibūdinti kaip susitarimą tarp viešojo ir privataus sektorių, kurio tikslas sujungti viešuosius ir privačius išteklius, siekiant realizuoti viešosios politikos tikslus. Lietuvoje koncesijos, lyginant su kitomis valstybėmis, yra naujas reiškinys, neturintis tradicijų ir patirties. Viešosios institucijos retai nusprendžia investicijas pritraukti koncesijos sutarčių pagrindu. Šio darbo objektas yra koncesija. Tikslas - išnagrinėti koncesijų taikymo galimybes Lietuvoje. Tikslo pasiekimui iškelti trys uždaviniai, kurie nulėmė darbo struktūrą. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje analizuojant mokslinę literatūrą ir taikant apibendrinimo metodą nagrinėjamos ekonominės – socialinės viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės atsiradimo prielaidos ir partnerystės sąvoka. Antrojoje dalyje, analizuojant viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės taikymo galimybes atliekama mokslinės literatūros ir informacinių šaltinių analizė, taikomas klasifikavimo ir sisteminimo metodas. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje vertinant koncesijų taikymo galimybės atliekamas kokybinis tyrimas, suformuluojami pagrindiniai klausimai, atliekama norminių teisės aktų ir informacinių šaltinių lyginamoji analizė... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Infrastructure has been traditionally viewed as a natural monopoly under the management, control, financial responsibility of the central and local government. However, various countries of the world have shown a growing interest in Concessions (one of the Public Private Partnership model) over the last two decades. Concession is arrangement in which the public and private sectors join together to produce and deliver goods and services. It is a sufficiently new phenomenon in Lithuania and some shortcomings are noticeable in its application. The object of this thesis is Concession. The aim of work is to analyze possibilities to apply the concession in Lithuania. Three tasks were established for the realizing the goal meanwhile determining the structure of thesis. In the first part of thesis there is analysed Public Private Partnership, as phenomena, using analysis of academic literature. In the second part, by using analysis of special and statistical literature, there are analysed subjects influencing Public Private Partnership and experience of various countries of the world in the developing Partnership policy. Situation in Lithuania by excluding main prerequisites for developing concessions is analysed in the third part, using qualitative analysis of academic and special literature, laws, conference materials, comparative, case study methods and quantitative analysis by carrying out a survey of Municipalities opinion. Analysis of theoretical and practical aspects has shown... [to full text]

In most business sectors environmental programs focus on direct, production-related environmental impacts. The design and development of products with reduced environmental impact is considered more difficult. The opposite applies in the environmental technology sector. The business model of environmental technology companies focuses on delivering solutions that contribute to improving the environmental performance of their customers. Products and services delivered by this sector have prominent environmental profiles. However, companies in this sector may not necessarily set and implement environmental goals for their own activities and manufacturing processes, and may not clearly distinguish between production and product related environmental aspects. This thesis presents results of an online survey of environmental technology companies listed by the Swedish Environmental Technology Council (Swentec). The survey found that depending on the subsector, only between 21% and 45% of companies provide information about their environmental work on their website. Environmental impacts of a company may be product and/or production related. The survey found that these dimensions are treated differently, and are not always clearly differentiated in environmental tools and guidelines, such as the ISO 14000 series, the Reporting Guidelines for UK Business, the GRI and The Swedish Annual Accounts (ÅRL). There are also differences in the ways that information about production and product related environmental impacts are considered within the environmental technology industry. Some companies clearly distinguish between product and activity related environmental issues, while others are unclear about the distinction between their products and their activities in environmental policies and management. While some companies in the sector limit the environmental information they disseminate to the environmental benefits of their products, others explicitly articulate that the predominantly product related environmental profiles in the sector drive them to additionally minimise environmental impacts of their own activities. This thesis proposes environmental aspects of products and production as bases for corporate environmental profiles, corporate greening, and for defining ‘green’ and ‘green-green’ business, and concludes that companies within the environmental industry should be expected to be green-green business. This thesis concludes that companies within the environmental technology sector should increase their use of both production and product related environmental profile information in their presentations on their own websites and at platforms such as Swentec. Furthermore, the thesis shows that the use of the term ‘process’ within environmental technology sector to describe both the companies’ own operations and their products can create ambiguities in understanding. Companies that deliver ‘processes’ as products should avoid ambiguity by describing their own operations with terms such as ‘production processes’, ‘production’, ‘manufacturing process’, ‘operation’ or ‘activity’. / Ett företags miljöpåverkan kan vara kopplad till tillverkningsprocesser och till produkter. Miljöprogram inom de flesta industrisektorer är inriktade på direkta, produktionsrelaterade miljöaspekter. Däremot anses design och utveckling av produkter med minskad miljöpåverkan svårare. Inom miljötekniksektorn gäller det motsatta. Miljöteknikföretag erbjuder produkter och tjänster med framträdande miljöprofil och levererar lösningar som bidrar till förbättrad miljöprestanda hos deras kunder. Det betyder inte nödvändigtvis att dessa företag arbetar med miljömässiga mål för egna aktiviteter och tillverkningsprocesser, dvs. att dessa företag gör distinktion mellan tillverknings- och produktrelaterade miljöaspekter.   Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att öka förståelse av och insikt i miljöengagemang och miljöprofil inom miljöteknikföretag. Studien innehåller en onlineundersökning av miljöarbetet inom företag som är listade av Sveriges miljöteknikråd, Swentec i dess nätverk för den svenska miljöteknik­ sektorn. Studien visar att, beroende på undersektor, mellan 21 % och 45 % av företagen i undersökta miljöteknikområden har lagt ut information om sitt miljöarbete på företagets hemsida. Information om produktions- och produktrelaterade miljöfrågor varierar. Det finns företag som tydligt skiljer mellan produktorienterade miljöfrågor och miljöfrågor som berör deras tillverkningsprocesser och aktiviteter. Andra företag gör ingen tydlig åtskillnad mellan dessa frågor i sina miljöpolicydokument och miljöprogram. Vissa företag i branschen begränsar sin miljöinformation till miljömässiga fördelar med deras produkter. Det finns dock företag som tydligt uttalar att sektorns produktrelaterade miljöprofil är en drivkraft för att minimera miljöpåverkan från sin egen verksamhet. I studien framkommer också att produktions- och produktrelaterade miljöaspekter behandlas på olika sätt, och är inte alltid tydligt differentierade i olika miljöverktyg och riktlinjer, som i ISO 14000 serien, Rapporteringsriktlinjer för UK Business, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) och i den svenska årsredovisningslagen (ÅRL).   Produktions- och produktrelaterade miljöaspekter föreslås som dimensioner i ett företags miljöprofil och i beskrivning av företagets miljövänlighet. Det samma gäller som grund för definition av ’gröna’ och ’grön-gröna’ företag. En viktig ståndpunkt i denna avhandling är att företag inom miljötekniksektorn bör vara ’grön-gröna’ företag och att dessa företag bör öka användningen av informationen om produktions- och produktrelaterad miljöprofil, både på sina egna hemsidor och i sina presentationer inom nätverk som Swentec. Dessutom visar studien att användningen av begreppet "process" inom miljöteknikföretag för såväl den egna verksamheten som för sina produkter i vissa fall är otydlig. För att undvika denna oklarhet bör företag med ’processer’ som egna produkter, beskriva företagens egna verksamheter med begrepp som ’produktionsprocess’, ’produktion’, ’tillverkningsprocess’, ’aktiviteter’ eller liknande.

Στην παρούσα διπλωματική μελέτη, σχεδιάζεται και αναπτύσσεται ένα αξιόπιστο σύστημα βαθμολόγησης και άρα αξιολόγησης των προμηθευτών απαραίτητων σε μία Εφοδιαστική Αλυσίδα Αγαθών και Υπηρεσιών. Η μεθοδολογία περιλαμβάνει: Καθορισμό Ομάδας Αξιολόγησης, Ταξινόμηση Εφοδιαστικών Απαιτήσεων (Supply Positioning) σε υλικά και υπηρεσίες (υψηλής κερδοφορίας, κρίσιμα, μη κρίσιμα, στρατηγικής σημασίας, χαμηλού κόστους & υψηλού κινδύνου), Κατάσταση Κρίσιμων Υλικών και Υπηρεσιών, Επισήμανση Δυνητικών Προμηθευτών, Προεπιλογή Προμηθευτών, Συνεργασία - Συζήτηση με Προμηθευτές, Προσδιορισμό Κριτηρίων επιλογής Προμηθευτών, Συντελεστές Βαρύτητας Κριτηρίων, Ανάπτυξη Ανάλυσης SWOT, Έρευνα για επί πλέον πληροφορίες, Σύνταξη και αποστολή Ερωτηματολογίου – Επεξεργασία, Βαθμολογία Δυνητικών Προμηθευτών, Τήρηση Αρχείου Εγκεκριμένων Προμηθευτών. Εν συνεχεία γίνεται μία επισκόπηση τεσσάρων-πέντε κύριων μεθόδων επιλογής και μία βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση των ερευνητικών προσπαθειών. Παρουσιάζονται αναλυτικά τα κριτήρια απόφασης, οι μέθοδοι επιλογής (εξάλειψης ή βελτιστοποίησης), τα χαρακτηριστικά του προβλήματος επιλογής προμηθευτή (στρατηγική απόφαση, συνενωτικοί κανόνες, πολλαπλοί εμπλεκόμενοι-παίκτες & διαμορφωτές λήψης απόφασης, πολλαπλά αντικειμενικά και υποκειμενικά κριτήρια, περιορισμοί τόσο των προμηθευτών όσο και της εταιρείας, και ο πιθανοκρατικός χαρακτήρας του προβλήματος) . Η προσέγγιση απαιτεί η απόφαση να ληφθεί σε δύο στάδια. Στο πρώτο στάδιο, επιλέγουμε τους στρατηγικούς προμηθευτές διαμέσου της εταιρικής στρατηγικής για να επιλεχθούν οι προμηθευτές εκείνοι που εγγυώνται την μακροπρόθεσμη βιωσιμότητα της εταιρείας και το ελάχιστο κατώφλι κάθε κριτηρίου. Στο δεύτερο στάδιο της προσέγγισης αυτής, προτείνεται ένα γραμμικό μοντέλο μικτού ακέραιου προγραμματισμού για να επιλεγούν οι καλύτεροι προμηθευτές και οι απαιτούμενες ποσότητες θεωρώντας τους περιορισμούς τόσο των προμηθευτών όσο και της επιχείρησης. Ο σκοπός αυτού του μοντέλου είναι να μεγιστοποιηθεί η συνάρτηση U που αναπαριστά τον ολικό βαθμό που δίνεται από την ομάδα απόφασης. Προτείνεται ένας τρόπος για να ληφθεί υπόψη η πιθανοκρατική συμπεριφορά των υποψήφιων προμηθευτών. Τέλος, για καλύτερη κατανόηση, παρουσιάζεται ένα αριθμητικό παράδειγμα βελτιστοποίησης α) χωρίς περιορισμούς με την προσέγγιση της μεθόδου Αναλυτικής Ιεράρχησης (AHP) και β) με περιορισμούς. Το παράδειγμα μας δείχνει ότι η μαθηματική προσέγγιση ήταν η καλύτερη μέθοδος η οποία λαμβάνει υπόψη όλους τους περιορισμούς. / In this thesis study, it is designed and developed a reliable system calibration and evaluation of suppliers so necessary in a Supply Chain of Goods and Services. The methodology includes: Evaluation Team Specification, Supply Requirements Sorting (Supply Positioning) for materials and services (high profitability, critical, non-critical, strategic, low cost & high risk), Critical Materials and Services Condition, Potential suppliers Highlight, Suppliers Pre-selection, Cooperation - Discussion with Suppliers, Vendor Selection Criteria Identification,, Criteria Weight Credits, SWOT Analysis Development, Research for additional information, Writing, Editing and sending questionnaires, Potential suppliers Review, Approved Suppliers File Records (Archives). An overview of four to five core selection methods and a literature review of research efforts are following. The decision criteria, the selection methods (optimization or elimination) and the characteristics of the supplier selection problem (strategic decision, conjunctive rules, multiple stakeholders-players & decision makers, multiple objective and subjective criteria, constraints regarding to suppliers and the company, the probabilistic nature of the problem) are presenting in details. This approach requires a decision taken in two stages. In the first stage, we select strategic suppliers through the corporate strategy in order to select those suppliers that guarantee the long term viability of the company and the minimum threshold for each criterion. In the second stage of this approach, it is proposed a mixed-integer linear programming model to select the best suppliers and the required quantities considering the limitations of suppliers and the business as well. The purpose of this model is to maximize the function U representing the overall degree given by the group decision. It is also proposed a way to take into account the probabilistic behavior of supply candidates. Finally, for better understanding, a numerical example of optimization is presented a) without restrictions with the approach of Analytic Hierarchy process (AHP) and b) with restrictions. The example shows that the mathematical approach was the best method which takes into account all the constraints.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-24T19:53:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANNA MARQUES ROCHA FERREIRA –TESE (PPGRN) 2018.pdf: 4043233 bytes, checksum: 486e1ad8ad7101f70e07637566fa13f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T19:53:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANNA MARQUES ROCHA FERREIRA –TESE (PPGRN) 2018.pdf: 4043233 bytes, checksum: 486e1ad8ad7101f70e07637566fa13f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-27 / A urbanização tem sido uma das principais causas de mudança do uso e ocupação da terra em todo o mundo, muitas vezes com consequências irreparáveis para a prestação de bens e serviços ecossistêmicos fundamentais para o bem-estar físico, metal e espiritual humano, bem como para a manutenção da vida no planeta. Esta pesquisa analisa a mudança da disponibilidade de bens e serviços ecossistêmicos em função do uso e ocupação da terra, no período de 1989, 2007 e 2014; e a valoração social de benefícios prestados por uma microbacia hidrográfica predominantemente urbanizada, inserida no ecótono Agreste (área de transição entre os biomas Mata Atlântica e Caatinga), no Nordeste do Brasil. Técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e sistema de informação geográfica foram utilizadas para quantificar as mudanças no uso e ocupação da terra na Microbacia Hidrográfica Riacho das Piabas, Paraíba. Método de transferência de benefícios foi aplicado para quantificar as mudanças na oferta de bens e serviços ecossistêmicos, entre os anos analisados. A percepção das partes interessadas (comunidade, técnico e especialista) acerca dos ambientes que ofertam bens e serviços ecossistêmicos na área de estudo e seus respectivos níveis de importância foram obtidos por meio de mapeamento participativo. A substituição de área de vegetação arbórea (46% da área de estudo em 1989 e 5% em 2014) por ambiente construído foi o fator-chave que impulsionou o declínio de 73% da disponibilidade de bens e serviços ecossistêmicos entre os anos de 1989 e 2014. A expansão urbana promoveu a perda de 89% da oferta de oito serviços ecossistêmicos, incluindo regulação do clima, regulação do fluxo de água, moderação de perturbações, ciclagem de nutrientes e controle biológico, que quando se considera a tendência regional de aridificação e as pressões existentes sobre os recursos hídricos, são relevantes localmente. Houve diferença significativa entre a percepção das partes interessadas quanto ao número de áreas mapeadas por seção de bens e serviços ecossistêmicos disponibilizados pela área de estudo para a população (Anova fatorial, F= 21,62; p< 0,001). A visão da comunidade sobre os benefícios oferecidos pela microbacia hidrográfica estudada distinguiu de técnicos e de especialistas. Os ambientes que mais ofertaram bens e serviços ecossistêmicos foram as áreas de transição entre ambiente dulcícola e terrestre; e espaços verdes. O serviço de manutenção do ciclo hidrológico e fluxos de águas apresentou média de nível de importância social muito alto. A gestão que deseja reduzir os impactos do processo de urbanização na provisão de bens e serviços ecossistêmicos deve considerar implementação do planejamento espacial baseado em ecossistemas, com foco na infraestrutura urbana verde e na restauração de habitats naturais e sua conectividade. Ademais, é fundamental abordar a percepção de partes interessadas no processo de planejamento e tomada de decisão para minimizar e gerenciar potenciais conflitos sociais. / Urbanisation has been a main cause of land use land cover (LULC) change worldwide, often with irreparable consequences to the provision of goods and ecosystem services that are fundamental to human physical, mental and spiritual well-being, as well as to the maintenance of life on the planet. This research analyzes the goods and ecosystem services availability change as a function of LULC, in the period of 1989, 2007 and 2014; and the social valuation of ecosystem benefits provided by a predominantly urbanised microwatershed, located in the Agreste ecotone (transition area between Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes), in Northeast Brazil. Remote sensing techniques and geographic information system were used to quantify LULC changes in Riacho das Piabas microwatershed, Paraíba. The benefit transfer method was applied to quantify changes in the ecosystem goods and services supply between the years analyzed. The stakeholders perception (community, technical and expert) about the environments that offer ecosystem goods and services in the study area and their respective importance levels were obtained through participatory mapping. Replacement of tree vegetation area (46% of the study area in 1989 and 5% in 2014) by the built environment was the key factor driving the 73% decline in the ecosystem goods and services availability between 1989 and 2014. Urban sprawl resulted losses of 89% in the eight ecosystem services supply, including climate regulation, water flow regulation, moderation of disturbance, nutrient cycling and biological control, which are critical locally when considering the regional trend towards aridification and the existing pressures on water resources. There was a significant difference between the stakeholders perception about the mapped areas number per ecosystem goods and services section available by the study area to the population (Factorial Anova, F = 21.62, p <0.001). The community perception about the benefits offered by the studied microwatershed distinguished from technicians and experts. The environments that most offered ecosystem goods and services were transitional areas between the between freshwater and terrestrial environments; and green spaces. The service maintenance of hydrological cycle and water flux presented very high average importance level. Management that wishes to reduce the urbanisation impacts on the provision of ecosystem goods and services should consider implementation of ecosystem-based spatial planning, focusing on urban green infrastructure and natural habitats restoration and their connectivity. In addition, it is fundamental to approach the stakeholders perception in the planning process and decision making to minimize and manage potential social conflicts.

This master thesis deals with analysis of providing of public services at the municipal level. Thesis is evaluated on the basis of information gathered in 10 municipalities from which 7 are situated in the Jihočeský kraj region and 3 are situated in the Vysočina region. Since the law not specifies strict variant of providing the services, municipalities may choose the most suitable alternative. Data were gathered in the period from the year 2001 to 2006. Five chosen services were the object of the analysis. The services were: Municipal solid waste disposal, public green foliage maintenance, local communications maintenance, streetlight maintenance and funeral services. The results of thesis are the ways of providing examined services by municipalities and whether there are possibilities to raise the effectiveness of providing these services.

This work deals with the foreign trade and economic relations between the Czech Republic and Turkey. Turkey currently belongs to the most perspective developing merkets with high potential of growth. It is situated on the border of the European continent and Muslim part of Asia, thus it is influenced by both of these cultures. Turkish population is mostly Muslim. The essential values, habits and traditions of the Turkish society result from the Islamic philosophy and ideology. On the other hand, the Turkish Muslims are considered among the Islamic nations as the most liberal and open to modern ideas. Due to the legacy of its founder, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the Republic of Turkey is the secular state, which ensures the independency of public affairs on the political influence of the clerical elite. Turkey keeps due to its strategy position very close relations with the Western Europe. It represents the most importanat foreign trade partner of Turkey, but also its economic, political, cultural and social ideal, which inspired Turkey after the downfall of the Ottoman empire when looking for the new identity of the Turkish state. Therefore the Republic of Turkey applied for the association to the European Economic Community just at the end of 1950's. The access negotiation between Turkey and EU started in 2005. However, the prospective membership of Turkey in EU remains very controversial and results in very conflicting reactions of the European population, politicians, non-governmental organizations and various networks. The first part of this work deals with the summary characteristic of Turkey. The second part includes the analysis of the development of foreign trade and economic cooperation between the Czech Republic and Turkey. The second part of this work summarizes the conditions and respective legislation applied in the foreign trade between the Czech Republic and Turkey. It deals with the development of the foreign trade with goods and services (tourism and transportation) and direct foreign investment flow between the countries. It also attends the area of the state support of the Czech export and investment in Turkey. Special chapter is dedicated to the sectors of Turkish economy, which can be considered as most perspective for the Czech exporters and investors, and potential risks that can threaten the success of the Czech trade and investment activities in Turkey.

Presented dissertation is focused on commercial suburbanization in terms of the Prague agglomeration specific aspects and assessment of some of its impacts on the affected locations. The aim is to identify local economic structures from the perspective of commercial suburbanization and assess their level of socio-economic significance in the suburban zone of Prague and their influence on the design of local medium-term priorities. This objective is further specified in terms of the five partial aims and five hypotheses. Monitored spatial units are analyzed at the level of municipalities, administrative districts of municipalities with extended powers and districts of Prague-East and Prague-West. The work represents the first comprehensive attempt to assess the extent of commercial suburbanization in the suburban area of Prague by using index methods. With the use of indexes, impacts of commercial suburbanization have been evaluated, especially the level of local action of companies and the formation of local markets in those local areas. The analysis shows that there is a greater degree of formation of local labor markets compared to rather negligible degree of formation of local markets of goods and services. Local economic structures continue to shape significantly in the regional centers of lower category rather than in the suburban zone of Prague. Following part of the thesis analyzes the socio-economic situation in the selected suburbanized municipality and reflection of key aspects of suburbanization in its medium-term development priorities and brings also a generalization of the findings. For the performed analysis, data from the author's own surveys and available statistical databases were used.