Community participation has been hailed as the panacea for most community programmes. Community participation at high levels empowers communities, increases self-reliance, selfawareness and confidence in self-examination of problems and seeking solutions for them Behavioural changes are promoted and utilisation and support of services is facilitated, which is of great importance in antenatal care and generally in this present day of HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which women were participating in the provision of antenatal care. Secondly, the study sought the pregnant women's perceptions and expectations regarding their participation in the provision of antenatal care and to find out at what level if any, the women wanted to be involved in the provision of antenatal care. The theoretical model guiding this study was Rifkin' s model for evaluating community participation. A guided interview was conducted with 30 conveniently selected pregnant mothers residing in the area of the Chinamhora clinic. The results indicated limited participation in the five process indicators of community participation. However, all the women regarded community participation as being important. The majority of the women wished to be involved at high levels of participation. The results of this study should be valuable to health care professionais in formulating strategies and modifying existing programmes to enhance community participation, with the decentralisation of health services in Zimbabwe. / Health Studies / M.A. (Advanced Nursing Sciences)

Community participation has been hailed as the panacea for most community programmes. Community participation at high levels empowers communities, increases self-reliance, selfawareness and confidence in self-examination of problems and seeking solutions for them Behavioural changes are promoted and utilisation and support of services is facilitated, which is of great importance in antenatal care and generally in this present day of HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which women were participating in the provision of antenatal care. Secondly, the study sought the pregnant women's perceptions and expectations regarding their participation in the provision of antenatal care and to find out at what level if any, the women wanted to be involved in the provision of antenatal care. The theoretical model guiding this study was Rifkin' s model for evaluating community participation. A guided interview was conducted with 30 conveniently selected pregnant mothers residing in the area of the Chinamhora clinic. The results indicated limited participation in the five process indicators of community participation. However, all the women regarded community participation as being important. The majority of the women wished to be involved at high levels of participation. The results of this study should be valuable to health care professionais in formulating strategies and modifying existing programmes to enhance community participation, with the decentralisation of health services in Zimbabwe. / Health Studies / M.A. (Advanced Nursing Sciences)

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / Climate change has induced a number of environmental issues that have affected people's lives beyond the scope of ecology; these effects have touched on the social, cultural and economic dimensions of life as well. In light of this, migration has increasingly been used as a climate adaptation strategy particularly in rural areas. This has not only changed migration patterns, it has also reconstructed the gender dynamics within the migration discourse through the ‘feminization of migration.’ Hence it has become important to analyse, understand and unpack the various ways in which women experience climate change and climate-induced migration, and how this has affected their lives. Additionally, women's position as active agents in climate migration and knowledge production has increasingly been acknowledged in climate and migration discourse This study focused on the effects of climate change on female migration patterns in Goromonzi District, Zimbabwe; and took place in Hiya village. The main research question aimed to find out if using migration as an adaptation strategy to climate change had positively changed the lives of women in rural Zimbabwe? With a focus on Hiya village in Goromonzi, Zimbabwe the research question was answered through identifying migration push factors for women, climate resistant livelihoods and the benefits of migration in light of climate induced environmental disasters. A mixed methods research approach was used however the research is largely qualitative.

Social cash transfers (SCTs) are part of social protection instruments aimed at reducing poverty and vulnerability. SCTs are among the most evaluated social protection interventions. Most designs and much of the current evidence give limited attention to effects of SCTs on social capital. Greater attention has been devoted to economic and human capital outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore and analyse the effects of Zimbabwe’s Harmonised Social Cash Transfer (HSCT) on social capital in a rural and a peri-urban settlement. To achieve this, the study first identified and analysed design and operational features of the HSCT. The analysis drew from the perspectives and experiences of beneficiaries and other stakeholders. The study was based on a mixed methods design. The theoretical framework was informed by social capital and social network theories. The results confirm and in other cases contradict findings from previous research, and there are areas where new insights were found. The results indicate that HSCT’s features particularly targeting and selection methods, complementary services and the payment method have effects on social capital. Additionally, findings indicate that the HSCT affected a diverse set of social relations with positive effects on bonding and linking social capital. There are positive psychosocial effects, limited evidence on bridging social capital, and inconclusive results on collective action. The HSCT seems to strengthen trust between beneficiaries but has negative effects on social relations between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. Social networks created through the HSCT are exclusionary. There were isolated cases of domestic violence in some households. The HSCT has unintended effects particularly the exclusion of some beneficiary households from access to other benefits; women’s empowerment; and social and economic risks to beneficiaries. Evidence from this study confirms that unconditional cash transfers go well beyond their primary goal of consumption smoothing, and have positive and negative effects on social capital. This provides a strong case for the design and implementation of SCTs to embed explicit objectives and strategies that promote the strengthening of social capital. There is greater need for collaborative efforts between economists, sociologists and anthropologists in the design and analysis of SCTs. / Development Studies / D. Phil. (Development Studies)

There is limited research on the use of results-based management (RBM) in schools, therefore this study focussed on developing a sustainable and effective RBM model. The objectives of the study were to identify the obstacles encountered in implementing RBM in primary and secondary schools in the Goromonzi District, identify and describe the steps taken in developing and sustaining an effective RBM model, and to develop a sustainable and effective RBM model suitable for both Zimbabwean primary and secondary schools. A qualitative research method was used since the researcher’s interest was to gain insight into and understanding of school heads’ and teachers’ perceptions, concerns and experiences in their real world conditions when implementing RBM. The study covered ten purposely selected schools in the Goromonzi District. Semi-structured individual and focus group interviews were conducted with the school heads and teachers. To enhance the validity of the findings, this study adhered to ethical principles and techniques. The following salient findings that emerged from the study were that the school heads and teachers had a negative perception of IRBM because a top-down approach was used when it was introduced and the system was not customised since it was merely “imported” from a developed country whose context was different from the Zimbabwean socio-political and economic environment. There was also a serious dearth of financial resources to support the system and this affected the quality of RBM training negatively. The lack of funding also led to the non-payment of incentives for the staff with regard to implementing RBM. It was also indicated that the senior Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education officials showed a lack of commitment and support for RBM. To address the implementation challenges it was indicated that resources had to be mobilised to ensure the capacitation of school heads and teachers and also for incentivising them. Incentivising staff is critical for the successful implementation of RBM. It was also noted that there was a need to develop a results culture in schools and train school heads in change management. It was concluded that a home grown RBM model that was context sensitive to the Zimbabwean situation was required. As envisaged, the study resulted in the development of the three phased Zimbabwe results-based management practical model (ZRBMPM). The first phase addresses RBM implementing challenges and the second phase focusses on incentivising staff to promote the effective implementation of results management. The last phase entails the production of the results. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)