This paper examines the history of civil military relations in Mexico and Argentina in an attempt to understand why Mexico was able to subordinate its military following the fall of the Porfírian military regime, while Argentina experienced decades of military intervention into the civilian sphere. It argues that strong governmental and political institutions in Mexico were the key to subordinating the Mexican military to civilian control, while patterns of populist political movements in Argentina hampered the formation of strong governmental institutions that would have enabled the subordination of the military to civilian control.

Interaction between the civil society and the state has increased in modern democracies. This thesis analyzes the forms and dynamics of the interaction between civil society and governmental institutions in Skåne about the issue of refugee reception. This is done by examining two overarching research questions: 1. How, why and between which actors interaction occurs; and 2. How interaction develops over time and which factors influence the changing nature of the interaction. With the theoretical framework of civil society and state relations, governance, social movements and critical junctures, a research model is developed to analyze the case of interaction between the spheres in Skåne. The research model is based upon semi-structured interviews with governmental institutions and representatives from civil society organizations. The development of the interaction is described through the framework of critical junctures, showing the interaction developed with an intention of increased interaction and participation, while being cautious of the independence and neutrality of the civil society at the same time. The results show that the interaction occurs through partnership, networks, funding and personal informal interaction. Shared goals and the intention of increasing interaction because it is believed to better solve the complex problems are reasons for interaction. The empirical findings point at factors such as ideological affinity, structure, resources and experience to be important to gain access to the interaction. Another important conclusion is the lack of representation of certain valuable perspectives, such as Muslim organizations or free churches. The issue of representation stems mostly from structural factors and lack of resources. Relations between the civil society and governmental institutions in Skåne has grown closer, and the interaction is complex and dynamic. Together, the spheres address the complex issue of refugee reception. It is characterized by a mutual respect and an awareness of the necessity of an independent and neutral civil society. In spite of problems with representation, the interaction does facilitate knowledge exchange and increases adaptability to complexity. It has increased the overall participation in interaction between the spheres.

Denna uppsats är en kvantitativ studie om 15-åringars tillit till statliga institutioner utifrån social position i samhället. Studien har genomförts genom en surveyundersökning i form av enkäter genomförda i klass nio i sex kommunala grundskolor i Stockholmsområdet. Studien syftar till att undersöka om det finns samband mellan social position och tillit där vi använder social position som ett samlingsbegrepp för faktorerna socioekonomisk status, klassbakgrund, invandrarbakgrund och kön. Resultaten visar att det går att se ett samband där ungdomar med en lägre social position hyser lägre tillit än ungdomar med en högre social position. Vi kan endast se kön som en faktor gällande den generella tillitsfrågan samt gällande upplevelsen av trygghet kvälls-/nattetid i närområdet. Där personer som definierar sig som kvinnor skattar lägre tillit och känner sig mindre trygga i mörkret än män. Analysen visar att det finns samband mellan tillitsgrad och bostadssegregation, förändringar i välfärdsstaten Sverige, föräldrarnas utbildningsbakgrund samt i vilken mån ungdomarna av sina föräldrar blivit rådda att inte lita på personer i allmänhet. Våra resultat har vi kommit fram till genom framförallt bivariata analyser i statistikprogrammet IBM SPSS Statistics 22. Resultaten har sedan analyserats med hjälp av teori om tillit, socialt kapital och intersektionalitet. De slutsatser vi kan dra av vår analys stämmer till stor del överens med tidigare forskning på ämnet. / This paper is a quantitative study, which examines 15-year-olds trust towards governmental institutions on the basis of social position in society. The study has been carried out through a survey in class nine in six public schools in the Stockholm region. The study aims to investigate whether there is connection between social position and trust, where we use social position as a generic term for socioeconomic status, class background, immigrant background and gender. The results show that it is possible to see a correlation between lower social position and lower trust and higher social position and higher trust. We can only see gender as a factor according to the general question of trust as well as the question of current experience of safety in the evening/at night in the surrounding area. Where people who define themselves as women perceive less trust and feel less safe in the dark than men. The analysis shows that there is connection between the levels of trust and residential segregation, changes in the welfare state, the parents ' educational background and the extent to which young people been advised by their parents not to trust people in general. The results has been analysed through bivariaty analysis in IBM SPSS Statistics 22. The conclusions we can draw from our analysis is to a large extent consistent with previous research on the topic.

Orientador: Rachel Meneguello / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T14:01:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_LuizDomingos_M.pdf: 604766 bytes, checksum: c8c1086b72c36f8fb973925244ebc63f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta dissertação apresenta um levantamento do perfil sócio-político dos senadores eleitos durante as seis últimas eleições para a Câmara Alta brasileira, recobrindo a elite parlamentar que ocupou a Casa durante o período democrático recente. Os dados foram organizados em torno das dimensões da composição sócio-ocupacional e da carreira política e serviram a dois movimentos analíticos. Em primeiro lugar, uma análise desagregada por unidade da federação que, além de captar importantes diferenças observadas entre as bancadas estaduais, registra o impacto da competição sub-nacional na configuração dos perfis dos senadores. Em segundo lugar, uma análise dos dados agregados serviu para uma comparação entre os padrões de composição sócio-ocupacional e de carreira política dos senadores com o universo dos deputados federais do mesmo período, de onde se chegou ao exame de algumas hipóteses disponíveis sobre a composição da classe política do Congresso Brasileiro. Dentre três hipóteses testadas, o universo dos senadores permitiu que se confirmasse uma e se refutasse duas outras. Portanto, tal como na Câmara dos Deputados, a existência de bases sociais distintas de recrutamento político entre das bancadas ideológicas da esquerda, centro e direita também se verifica para o Senado. Entretanto, diferentemente do que se observou nas eleições mais recentes para a Câmara Baixa, a ocorrência de uma incipiente "popularização" da classe política brasileira no período mais recente da democracia brasileira não se observou, indicando que o Senado exerce maiores dificuldades para esse tipo de processo sócio-político. Por fim, o escopo ou volume de carreira política observada entre os deputados federais é muito diferente daquele visto entre os senadores, que são políticos com uma experiência política prévia muito mais substantiva / Abstract: This thesis presents a survey of the socio-political profile of the senators elected in the six latest elections for the upper chamber of Brazilian parliament. It covers the parliamentary elite that has occupied the Senate during the recent democratic period. Data were organized around the dimensions of the socio-occupational composition and political career and they served for two main analytical lines. First, an analysis state by state, which not only shows important differences observed between groups of parliamentarians of each state, but also registers the impact of sub-national competition in the configuration to the senators' profiles. Second, an analysis of aggregated data served for comparison between the patterns of socio-occupational composition and political careers of the senators with those of the deputies elected in the same period. The comparison led to the scrutiny of three hypotheses about the composition of the political class occupying Brazilian National Congress. One of these hypotheses was confirmed and two were refuted. The existence of distinct social backgrounds of political recruitment between distinct ideological (left, centre and right) groups of parliamentarians was verified for the Senate as well as for the Chamber of Deputies. However, differently from what was observed in the recent elections for the lower chamber, an incipient "popularisation" of the Brazilian political class could not be observed for the upper chamber. This fact indicates that the Senate presents more obstacles for this type of socio-political process. Finally, the range or volume of political career observed among deputies is very different from that of the senators, whose previous political expertise is far more substantive / Mestrado / Estado, Processos Politicos e Organização de Interesses / Mestre em Ciência Política

Orientador: Sebastião Carlos Velasco e Cruz / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T19:25:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Codato_AdrianoNervo_D.pdf: 2164729 bytes, checksum: b581765011485768fa3cf51ffc748a28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esta tese aborda, de um ponto de vista contextual, a relação entre elites políticas estaduais e instituições de governo durante o regime do "Estado Novo" no Brasil (1937-1945). A partir do caso de São Paulo, são analisados quatro problemas: os aparelhos político-burocráticos do regime, as transformações do perfil sócio-profissional da classe política, sua colaboração na gestão dos aparelhos do Estado ditatorial e o processo de adesão dessa elite à ideologia do Estado autoritário. O estudo focalizou o grupo político de quatorze indivíduos abrigado no Departamento Administrativo do estado de São Paulo. A fim de explicar o declínio da oligarquia paulista (junto com seus partidos políticos, suas lideranças nacionais, sua ideologia liberal e seu poder estadual) quatro hipóteses foram testadas: i) a nova hierarquia política entre os diversos grupos de elite é o resultado da nova ordem estipulada pelos círculos dirigentes do regime entre os diferentes níveis decisórios do sistema institucional do Estado; ii) as instâncias intermediárias de governo que abrigam as elites estaduais, como os Departamentos Administrativos, não são instâncias de decisão sobre a política de Estado, mas de participação controlada no jogo político; iii) a modificação dos perfis sociais das elites políticas estaduais é o efeito tanto das sucessivas transformações nas condições de competição política, quanto da estrutura institucional concebida para recrutá-la e conformála aos propósitos do regime ditatorial; e iv) a presença de certos grupos da elite estadual nas novas estruturas do Estado contribuiu decisivamente para sua conversão à ideologia autoritária. Constatou-se a importância decisiva das instituições políticas no processo de transformação das elites políticas no Brasil após a Revolução de 1930. / Abstract: This thesis adopts a contextual perspective for exploring the relationship between regional political elites and governmental institutions during the "Estado Novo" regime in Brazil (1937-1945). Focusing on the case of São Paulo, four issues are examined: the political and bureaucratic institutions of the political regime, the change in the socio-professional profile of the ruling class, their collaboration in the management of the apparatus of dictatorial rule, and the processes through which this elite comes to adhere to the ideology of an authoritarian State. The study focuses on a political group made up of fourteen individuals placed in the Administrative Department of São Paulo state. In order to explain the decline of the São Paulo oligarchy (along with political parties, their national leaders, their liberal ideology and its political power), four hypotheses are tested, as follows: i) the new political hierarchy among the several elite groups is the result of the new order stipulated by ruling circles among different decision-making levels of institutional system of the state; ii) government intermediating sites that house regional elites, such as the Administrative Departments, are not instances of decision on State policy; rather, they constitute a locus for controlled participation within the game of political negotiation; iii) the transformation of the social profile of regional political elites is an effect of both successive changes in the conditions of political competition, and in the institutional structure that has been conceived to recruit and conform them to the purposes of the dictatorship; and iv) the presence of certain regional elite groups within the new structures of the State contributed decisively to their conversion to authoritarian ideology. It was of decisive importance the political institutions in the process of renewing the political elites in Brazil after the 1930 Revolution. / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência Política