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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Caminhos em Grafos: uma experi?ncia no Ensino M?dio / Paths in Graphs: an experience in High School

ALVES, Victor Leite 03 August 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-29T17:44:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Victor Leite Alves.pdf: 3650645 bytes, checksum: 38df3227b0440f1bbe6403a506d9a55e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T17:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Victor Leite Alves.pdf: 3650645 bytes, checksum: 38df3227b0440f1bbe6403a506d9a55e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-03 / CAPES / The aim of this work is to describe an experience using problems on paths in Graphs with students of the first year of high school from two schools through a case study. There were 48 students from two schools, one located in Resende and another in Quatis, in Rio de Janeiro. The Basic Theory of Graphs initially has simple and intuitive concepts which may be used as powerful tools for solving various kinds of optimization problems. Many of the problems are present in the universe of students, such as the way Google Maps draws the shortest path between the starting point and destination, the procedure that can be used for a GPS to calculate a route, the path that optimizes the work a postman who has to go through several streets (without repetition) and return to the headquarters of the post office, among others. Bring real problems into the classroom is a challenge to the teacher, and solve them with simple techniques in the classroom is an even greater challenge, and this work attempts to perform a little experiment in which this dual task is conducted with some simple techniques from Graphs applied to the students everyday problems. Four basic 50-minute classes are held on Graphs and are taught some of their techniques. But before the classes, two tests are performed: a motivational test (based on Gontijo test) that assesses how students study and enjoy mathematics, and a test involving problems from the universe of the students that could be solved with graphs techniques, but also with what students already know from high school. After the classes, a new motivational test evaluates how much they enjoyed the activities with graphs and a new content test is performed, now being permitted to use the graphs techniques. Finally a survey was made on the results obtained by observing the improvement obtained by the students involved in the process and which had more difficulty, thus completing the experience. / O objetivo deste trabalho ? descrever uma experi?ncia utilizando problemas relacionados a caminhos em Grafos com alunos do primeiro ano do ensino m?dio de duas escolas da rede estadual de ensino atrav?s de um estudo de caso. Foram 48 alunos de duas escolas da rede estadual de ensino, uma situada no munic?pio de Resende e outra no munic?pio de Quatis, no Rio de Janeiro. A Teoria B?sica de Grafos possui inicialmente conceitos simples e intuitivos, mas que podem ser utilizados como poderosas ferramentas para a resolu??o de diversos tipos de problemas de otimiza??o. Muitos dos problemas est?o presentes no universo dos alunos, como a maneira como o Google Maps tra?a o menor caminho entre o ponto de partida e o destino, o procedimento que pode ser usado por um GPS para calcular uma rota, o caminho que otimiza o trabalho de um carteiro que tem que percorrer v?rias ruas (sem repeti??o) e voltar ? sede dos correios, entre outros. Uma vez que trazer problemas reais para dentro da sala de aula ? um desafio ao professor, e resolv?-los com t?cnicas simples na sala de aula ? um desafio ainda maior, o presente trabalho tenta realizar uma pequena experi?ncia em que esta dupla tarefa ? conduzida com algumas t?cnicas simples de Grafos aplicadas a problemas do cotidiano dos alunos. S?o realizadas 4 aulas b?sicas de 50 minutos sobre Grafos e s?o ensinadas algumas de suas t?cnicas. Mas antes das aulas, dois testes s?o realizados: um teste motivacional (baseado no teste de Gontijo) que avalia o quanto os alunos estudam e gostam de Matem?tica, e um teste envolvendo problemas do universo dos alunos que poderiam ser resolvidos com t?cnicas de Grafos, mas tamb?m com o que os alunos j? sabem do ensino m?dio. Ap?s as aulas, um novo teste motivacional avalia o quanto eles gostaram das atividades realizadas com Grafos e um novo teste de conte?do ? realizado, j? sendo permitida a utiliza??o das t?cnicas de Grafos. Finalmente foi feito um levantamento sobre os resultados obtidos, observando a melhora obtida pelos alunos envolvidos durante o processo e onde tiveram mais dificuldade, concluindo assim a experi?ncia.
2

Colora??o em grafos: uma experi?ncia no ensino m?dio / Graph Coloring: An Experience in High School

Silva J?nior, Odilon Magno da 03 August 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-11T12:30:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Odilon Magno da Silva J?nior.pdf: 3269429 bytes, checksum: b0bdf0f0a5612790959d29453f0ac06d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T12:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Odilon Magno da Silva J?nior.pdf: 3269429 bytes, checksum: b0bdf0f0a5612790959d29453f0ac06d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-03 / The main objective of this work is to describe an experience with problems related to graph coloring with a group of 2nd year high school students. The survey worked with students from a private school located in the city of Volta Redonda, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This research had the participation of 51 students aged 15 to 17 years, among boys and girls, who wanted to voluntarily participate in the extracurricular classes offered. The idea of this work is to use the fact that the basic concepts of coloring in Graph Theory are easily accessible to students, they are powerful optimization tools used by large companies and are applicable to students' everyday problems, three precious characteristics for a Professor to attract the attention of the class. In this regard, we held 8 meetings with students. At first, there was a Motivational pre-test based on Gontijo?s test in order to evaluate various aspects of the relationship of students with mathematics. In the second meeting, a Content Pre-test with everyday students' problems commonly solved by graphs' techniques, but that can also be solved without them. Over the next four meetings, classes were held in order to teach some basic techniques of graphs and discuss with students what they did on the test. After those four classes, the next meeting was used for the students to take a Content Post-test with similar problems, but with the intention of observing how the students would apply the techniques they learned. On the last meeting, the students took a Motivational Post-test, so that they could give their opinion on the activities. All data were studied, analyzed and compared in the final chapters / Este trabalho tem por principal objetivo descrever uma experi?ncia com problemas relacionados a colora??o em Grafos com um grupo de alunos do 2? ano do Ensino M?dio. A pesquisa realizada trabalhou com alunos de uma escola da rede particular, localizada no munic?pio de Volta Redonda, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Esta pesquisa contou com a participa??o de 51 alunos na faixa et?ria de 15 a 17 anos, entre meninos e meninas, que quiseram voluntariamente participar das aulas extracurriculares oferecidas. A ideia do trabalho ? utilizar o fato de que conceitos b?sicos de colora??o em Teoria de Grafos s?o de f?cil acesso aos alunos, s?o poderosas ferramentas de Otimiza??o usadas por grandes empresas e s?o aplic?veis a problemas do cotidiano dos alunos, tr?s caracter?sticas preciosas para que um professor atraia a aten??o da classe. Neste sentido foram realizados 8 encontros com os alunos. No primeiro, foi realizado um Pr?-teste Motivacional, baseado no teste de Gontijo, com o intuito de avaliar v?rios aspectos relativos ? rela??o dos alunos com a Matem?tica. No segundo, um Pr?-teste de Conte?do, com problemas que fazem parte do dia-a-dia dos alunos e comumente resolvidos com t?cnicas de Grafos, mas que tamb?m podem ser resolvidos sem elas. Nos quatro encontros seguintes, foram realizadas aulas com o objetivo de ensinar algumas t?cnicas b?sicas de Grafos e comentar com os alunos o que eles fizeram no teste. Depois das aulas, no pen?ltimo encontro foi realizado um P?s-teste de Conte?do, com quest?es similares ao primeiro, mas com o intuito de observar os alunos aplicando as t?cnicas aprendidas. No ?ltimo encontro foi realizado um P?s-teste Motivacional, para que os alunos dessem suas opini?es sobre as atividades. Todos os dados foram estudados, analisados e comparados nos cap?tulos finais.

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