Royal endowments to Brahmanas have been interpreted either as a factor of political integration or disintegration in Indian history. Through the first thorough presentation and analysis of the epigraphic data from Orissa, this study argues that the period 300-1147 C.E. was one of intensive state formation and political development in which royal grants played an important integrative role. During this period, Brahmanas, many of whom were ritual specialists associated with the Yajur Veda, emerged as land-holders endowed by royal decree with privileged control over land. Despite the consistent appearance of sectarian affiliations in the royal inscriptions, temples did not benefit from royal patronage on a comparable scale. Until the close of the period under review, it was the gift of land to Brahmanas, not the royally-endowed temple establishment, that was a major basis of royal legitimation and political integration in Orissa.

Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2008. / Title from screen (viewed on June 3, 2009). Department of English, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Ulla Connor, William V. Rozycki, Thomas A. Upton. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-99).

The study was intended to assess the impact of social grants on beneficiaries with specific focus on Buffalo Municipality. The challenge of social injustice and inequality in the management and distribution of resources is challenge of any responsive government globally in providing social securities in different forms to secure the vulnerable and under privileged within the society. The South African government has introduced a comprehensive liberally inclusive social welfare scheme to address social injustice and economic inequality of excluded in the former apartheid government, which characterises the historic past of racial exclusive government of the majority black and the coloured. In other to assess the impact of grants in addressing inequality and social exclusiveness, the research was conducted using Desk Top Analytical approach and also explored ANOVA Two-ways and One-way, to test the degree of association and standard deviation to establish the contrast of effects based on spatial difference and social development of the urban, semi-urban and rural settlements which beneficiaries are living. Also, to establish whether or not the policy is achieving social cohesion, human development and transformation, which should be taken, place within the concept of social welfare. The theoretical frame work adopted is a multi-theoretical approach in dealing with the complexity around social welfare. The research is specifically looking for a theory of change in social grants administration in other to understand the impact and extent of the intervention in bringing about desired and motivated change as the scheme main priority of developmental social welfare in South Africa. Pearson correlation, Chi-square correlation and Tukey”s Post hoc Test are some of the instrument used in assessing the impact of grants on beneficiaries. The outcome of the study showed a highly significance p-value =.019, p<0.05 in spatial variance between Urban and Rural and the in between variance of .025, p<0.05 for Rural –Urban- Semi-urban (Fig.23 and Tab 8a). The study also, revealed an association between Child dependency and Sexual crime to be .009, p<0.01 (Fig 24 and Tab 6), Public violence in Rural area shows Post Hoc Test result of Mean= 2.6, SD= 2.07 for rural, Mean=1.40 SD= 1.52, for urban and a Mean=0.3, SD=0.54 for semi-urban in a descending order as it relate to social crime statistics (Fig.20). This implies that there are more frequent public violence in rural areas than that of the urban and semi-urban. The overall result shows a very strong correlation among all the variables of grants beneficiaries to be statistically relevant. This implies that the social grants intervention scheme is achieving its desired goals but in an unevenly form in term of spatial distribution and impact due to various factors that interdependent with each other.

This study is focused on utilization of programs supporting the Podblanicko area. This study summarizes these programs. The objective was to evaluate the utilization of support programs usable for area Podblanicko and assess the proposed changes in the programming period 2014 2020. Purpose appropriate support programs for the area. The introductory part sums up the basic theoretical concepts related to this topic. The main part is focused on the characteristics of the selected area, assess the current condition of utilization support programs, benefits for the area, the design of appropriate support programs for the programming period 2014 2020. The find was actually proposed three appropriate support programs for the investment project of the micro-region Podblanicko.

Submitted by Isabella Souto Pera Simões (isasps@gmail.com) on 2014-01-20T00:02:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Isabella - Apropriação das transferências pelas burocracia_vbiblioteca.pdf: 553541 bytes, checksum: 1856ebed70c40ef9f62836e22fe0072d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão (vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2014-01-20T12:22:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Isabella - Apropriação das transferências pelas burocracia_vbiblioteca.pdf: 553541 bytes, checksum: 1856ebed70c40ef9f62836e22fe0072d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-20T13:25:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Isabella - Apropriação das transferências pelas burocracia_vbiblioteca.pdf: 553541 bytes, checksum: 1856ebed70c40ef9f62836e22fe0072d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-19 / Despite what would be expected by a simple theoretical prediction, several empiric studies have verified that an increase of the grants-in-aid leads to greater public spending in comparison to an equivalent raise in the citizen’s income. One of the hypotheses for this phenomenon, known as the flypaper effect, is that the bureaucracy appropriates of grants through wages, which is consistent with the assumption raised by the literature that bureaucrats would be interested in maximizing their own budget and would take advantage of the information and power asymmetries compared to the electorate. This paper aims to investigate whether this assumption is demonstrated empirically for Brazilian municipalities, verifying the relationship between transfers and the wage differential between the public and private spheres. Therefore, we use municipalities’ data panel from 2002 to 2011 and an instrumental variables model. The wage differential is obtained through the Oaxaca Decomposition, which isolates the effect of individual characteristics in wages from the resource appropriation result. The results show that there are evidences of appropriation, not only when public and private sectors are compared as a whole, but also when subsectors are considered. / Ao contrário do que seria esperado em uma previsão teórica simples, diversos trabalhos empíricos têm verificado que um aumento das transferências intergovernamentais gera um gasto público maior do que uma elevação equivalente na renda dos indivíduos. Uma das hipóteses para este fenômeno, conhecido com o flypaper effect, é de que a burocracia se apropria das transferências por meio de salários, o que é condizente com o pressuposto de que os burocratas estariam interessados em maximizar seu próprio orçamento, e se aproveitariam da assimetria de informação e poder em relação ao eleitorado. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar se tal pressuposto se comprova empiricamente para os municípios brasileiros, verificando a relação entre as transferências incondicionais e o diferencial de salários entre as esferas pública e privada. Para tanto, utilizamos um painel de municípios que cobre o período de 2002 a 2011 e um modelo econométrico de variável instrumental. Para medir o diferencial de salário, foi usada a Decomposição de Oaxaca, que separa o efeito das características individuais daquele que seria gerado pela apropriação. Os resultados apontam para a ocorrência de apropriação, considerando não só o setor público e privado formal como um todo, mas também seus subsetores.

"The problem of this study is to determine whether or not the financial grants available under the Texas state program of aid to dependent children are adequate to meet the needs of the persons receiving such grants. In accomplishing this objective, it became necessary to make a survey of the Texas state program of aid to dependent children as administered by the Texas State Department of Public Welfare. The basis upon which aid is granted, the amount of grants available, and a study of legislation governing the state program of aid to dependent children will be given prominence in this investigation. Likewise, a somewhat detailed study of twenty families who are recipients, or who have recently been recipients of aid to dependent children, all located in Erath County, Texas, will be presented as typical representations of such families all over the state of Texas who receive grants of aid for dependent children."-- leaf 1.

This study is focused on utilization of programs supporting small a medium-sized enterprises in South Bohemia and its effectivity. This study summarizes those programs. It features European Unions Structural funds but consists national and regional supports as well. It is followed by description of South Bohemia. Ministry of Industry and Trade programs utilization was evaluated questionary research. Addressed enterpreneurs answered question regarding grants utilisation. After that, personal conversations were used for further research. It is obvious, that utilisation of Support and Innovation programs is not used enough. Especially, enterprise awareness in insufficient. To improve that situation, it is necessary to increase awareness of enterprises and develope number of enterprises familiar with Support and Innovation programs. And it is important to build up help from offices and institutions that are responsible of this agenda. It is obvious and positive, that the situation evolves and percentage excercised grants rises.

Diploma thesis deals with the mapping project funding from the EU Structural Funds, particularly as funds are and what they contribute. The theoretical part is focused on the possibility of drawing funds from EU structural funds, which contribute to economic and social cohesion, reducing disparities between different regions. Diploma thesis is focused on various operational programs in particular to the Operational Program Industry and Enterprise (OPIE). The functional part of the diploma thesis contains a characteristic of G-PROJECT, Ltd., which is focused on assistance applicants submitting projects to European and other funds. Also contains a request type to help potential applicants to increase the success rate in submitting their project applications. Procedure type application was mapped on the project "Improving the competitiveness of the purchase and restructuring of production technologies" for the Operational Program Industry and Enterprise.

The study was intended to assess the impact of social grants on beneficiaries with specific focus on Buffalo Municipality. The challenge of social injustice and inequality in the management and distribution of resources is challenge of any responsive government globally in providing social securities in different forms to secure the vulnerable and under privileged within the society. The South African government has introduced a comprehensive liberally inclusive social welfare scheme to address social injustice and economic inequality of excluded in the former apartheid government, which characterises the historic past of racial exclusive government of the majority black and the coloured. In other to assess the impact of grants in addressing inequality and social exclusiveness, the research was conducted using Desk Top Analytical approach and also explored ANOVA Two-ways and One-way, to test the degree of association and standard deviation to establish the contrast of effects based on spatial difference and social development of the urban, semi-urban and rural settlements which beneficiaries are living. Also, to establish whether or not the policy is achieving social cohesion, human development and transformation, which should be taken, place within the concept of social welfare. The theoretical frame work adopted is a multi-theoretical approach in dealing with the complexity around social welfare. The research is specifically looking for a theory of change in social grants administration in other to understand the impact and extent of the intervention in bringing about desired and motivated change as the scheme main priority of developmental social welfare in South Africa. Pearson correlation, Chi-square correlation and Tukey”s Post hoc Test are some of the instrument used in assessing the impact of grants on beneficiaries. The outcome of the study showed a highly significance p-value =.019, p<0.05 in spatial variance between Urban and Rural and the in between variance of .025, p<0.05 for Rural –Urban- Semi-urban (Fig.23 and Tab 8a). The study also, revealed an association between Child dependency and Sexual crime to be .009, p<0.01 (Fig 24 and Tab 6), Public violence in Rural area shows Post Hoc Test result of Mean= 2.6, SD= 2.07 for rural, Mean=1.40 SD= 1.52, for urban and a Mean=0.3, SD=0.54 for semi-urban in a descending order as it relate to social crime statistics (Fig.20). This implies that there are more frequent public violence in rural areas than that of the urban and semi-urban. The overall result shows a very strong correlation among all the variables of grants beneficiaries to be statistically relevant. This implies that the social grants intervention.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Este trabalho propÃe uma metodologia para estudar o comportamento das concentraÃÃes da Demanda BioquÃmica de OxigÃnio e do OxigÃnio Dissolvido em um rio sujeito a lanÃamentos de efluentes. O estudo à baseado na transformaÃÃo do Modelo MatemÃtico de Streeter-Phelps em um modelo de natureza fuzzy, onde as concentraÃÃes de DBO e de OD sÃo calculadas na forma de funÃÃes de pertinÃncia. Desta forma, à possÃvel incorporar incertezas no modelo, o que permite desenvolver uma metodologia para a determinaÃÃo do risco de um corpo hÃdrico nÃo atender as condiÃÃes de uso previsto por norma, quando recebe uma carga poluente, proveniente de uma concessÃo de outorga de lanÃamento de efluentes. A pesquisa usa um programa computacional, desenvolvido para este trabalho, para calcular, a partir das equaÃÃes do modelo, as concentraÃÃes de DBO e de OD nas suas formas fuzzy. TambÃm foi desenvolvida uma sub-rotina que permite que sejam calculados o risco e a confiabilidade para o rio em questÃo que venha a receber lanÃamentos de efluentes. Os resultados mostraram que esta metodologia fuzzy à uma alternativa para ser considerada nas questÃes pertinentes à gestÃo integrada dos recursos hÃdricos. / This research proposes a methodology to study the behavior of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand and of the Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations, in a river, subject to effluent discharges. The study is based on the transformation of the Streeter-Phelps Mathematical Model to a Streeter-Phelps Fuzzy Model, where the concentrations of BDO and of DO are calculated as membership functions. In such way, it is possible to incorporate uncertainties in the model, so that it allows developing a methodology for the determination risk and the reliability of a body of water do not assist the use conditions established by norm, when it receives a load pollutant, originating from a concession of grants of effluent discharges. The research uses a computational program, developed for this research, to make calculations, starting from the model equations, the BOD and the DO concentrations, in the membership functions. It was also developed a subroutine that allows that the risk and the reliability could be calculated for the river, subject that receives effluents discharges. The results showed that this fuzzy methodology is an alternative to be considered in the questions related with Integrated Water Resources Management.