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The diploma thesis entitled "Evaluation of the influence of parents on the size of a foetus at the time of birth" focuses on evaluating the maternal and paternal relationship to the size of a calf of the Friesian breed in the agricultural enterprise VOS Zemědělců, a.s. Velké Opatovice. The research part focused on measuring the dimensions of a mother (height at the withers, width of tubers costae, width of tubers sacrale, width of tubers ischiadicum), on the lactation order, date of insemination, date of calving and the course of birth. In calves, the dimensions of the width of the head, length of the head, birth weight and sex were observed. Year-long measurements were followed by statistical processing and evaluation of the data based on the results obtained from the measurements of individual cows, heifers and calves during birth. The diploma thesis analyses a database of the number of bulls and heifers for the reference period for which the birth weight and the course of birth were assessed. Furthermore, it assesses the influence of the lactation order of breeding cows on the size of offspring. The breeding cows were divided by the lactation order which is in accordance with their age. Another indicator monitored was the duration of gravidity and its relation to the size of the calf. The breeding cows were divided into 3 groups with various duration of gravidity. Twelve bulls with 312 offspring were included in a more detailed analysis. The relationship of a breeding bull in relation to the duration of gravidity, the size of offspring and the course of birth was assessed. The evaluated results are given at the end of this thesis.

The aim of this thesis is to summarize the available data concerning the influence of trombophilic states on the process of pregnancy and to present the results obtained by investigating the prevalence of congenital trombophilia in infertile women and its influence on the success rate of assisted reproduction. It is aimed at those interested in the problematics - be it professionals, medical students or women planning pregnancy or cannot get pregnant. The theoretical part draws data from literature written by leading Czech experts in the field and from scientific journals, included are also foreign sources. The practical part was executed with the kind permission of the PRONATAL s.r.o. centre for assisted reproduction. Key words: venous thromboembolism, trombophilia, trombophylaxis, gravidity, mutation, screening

Title: Detection of rheological changes in the axial system of pregnant women using the TVS method. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to evaluace the effect of pregnancy on the biomechanical properties of the spine. Methods: TVS vibration diagnostic methods were applied to six pregnant women twice during pregnancy. It was investigated ability of axial system to dampen vibration spreading through out the spine. The ability of every single segment to damp vibrations were compared with each other at the beginning and during pregnancy. Results: TVS method used for purpose of this paper has been proved adequate to provide information about the resonant frequencies and the total attenuation of the spine with sufficient accuracy, so that the biomechanice changes of axial system during pregnancy could be decidly identified. Comparison of the frequency dependency and total attenuation of spine indicated increase of total attenuation of the spine and also increase of flexibility of the spine in all investigated probands. Keywords: gravidity, pregnancy, axial system, vibrations, TVS, spine

The diploma thesis topic: Pregnant women education at the antenatal preparation, thein regimen and exercises during the gravidity period. This diploma thesis contains pieces of knowledge from the specialized literature that could be useful for women who want to improve their awareness of the regimen and exercises during the gravidity period. The main aim of this thesis was a research which was supposed to find out informatik women know about the diet, the regimen, suitable exercises during the gravidity period and about the educational materials. This thesis is dividend into tw oparts theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part contains a brief characteristics of physiological gravidity, the mothers organism changes, the regimen during gravidity, suitable and unsuitable sports for pregnantwomen. The practical part sums up and evaluates the questionnaire survey results. The thesis could be considered a manual for pregnant women.

The objective of my thesis, titled "System of care of teenage mothers in the territory of the capital city of Prague", was to clarify the system of assistance available to this target group in the defined location. On the basis of theoretical findings related to adolescence, pregnancy and adolescent pregnancy, I outlined this phenomenon, presented the facilities and services for underage mothers and then I focused on the investigation of the system of assistance available to teenage mothers in Prague. The results of the research prove that adolescent pregnancy is not a unique phenomenon in Prague, because some facilities recorded even more than ten contacts with the target group of underage mothers in a year. The list of found facilities and services offering assistance to underage mothers was included in the created map called "Facilities and services providing assistance to teenage mothers in Prague". The map is freely accessible through Google web browser in Google Maps application.

Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / Background: In South Africa, the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act (CTOP) (No. 92 of 1996) promotes a woman's reproductive right and choice to have an early, safe and legal abortion. Pregnancy termination among young women constitutes a public health problem particularly in South Africa where high prevalence of abortion has been recently recorded. HIV acquisition is increased two to four-fold during pregnancy, due to biological and behavioural factors including immunological changes, hormonal changes affecting the genital tract mucosa, higher frequency of unprotected sex and incident sexually transmitted infections (STIs) during pregnancy. There is a growing interest in exploring maternal mental health effects of unintended pregnancies. However, the evidence base from a small number of available studies is characterized by considerable variability, inconsistency and inconclusive findings. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HIV and its association with termination of pregnancy at Seshego Zone 4 clinic in Limpopo Province. Methodology: A cross-section descriptive retrospective review study in which convenience sampling of the records of women who terminated pregnancies was used in this study. The key variable of interest in this study was HIV results and all patients records without evidence of HIV testing, and the associated results were excluded. A self-designed data extraction tool was used to extract the data from patients records and tool covered variables such as the age of the women, educational status, marital status, occupational status, year and month of termination of pregnancy, gestational age, parity, and gravidity, method of contraceptive used, HIV status, ARV and ARV regimens. Data analysis was done using the STATA statistical software version 12 for Windows (STATA Corporation, College Station, Texas). vi Results: The mean age was 24.98 years SD±14.4 and majority of women who terminated pregnancies were in the age group 20 – 24 years at 35.7% and the least number of women who terminated pregnancies were in the age groups ≥ 40 years and ≤ 14 years at 2.3% and 0.3% respectively. Majority of the women who terminated pregnancies had parity of 1 – 2 at 47.4% followed by parity of zero at 42.3% and 3 – 4 at 9.9%. Majority of the women who terminated pregnancies were in gravida 1 at 42.8% followed by those with gravida 2 at 27.1% and those who were pregnant between the 3rd and 4th time were 26.9%. There was a statistical significance difference (p<0.001) of the use of contraceptives by age groups and also in relation to parity and similarly to gravidity. The prevalence of HIV amongst women who terminated pregnancies in the current study was found to be 11.6% and this was high in 2018 at 10.5% followed by 2019, 2015 and 2016 at 10.3%, 9.2% and 9.1% respectively. The prevalence of HIV amongst women who terminated pregnancies increased with increasing level of education from 4.1% amongst women who had primary or no educational level the followed by 9,0% and 13.6% in women who had secondary and tertiary educational level respectively. The risk of women who terminate pregnancies being HIV positive in the current study increased significantly with increasing age as older women were 1.9 times more likely to be HIV positive as compared to younger ones (p=0.004) Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the need to address the structural socio-economic drivers of the HIV epidemic among women of child-bearing age. Women of child-bearing age in this setting have large unmet reproductive health needs. Structural interventions, such as increasing contraceptive use which may be useful for reducing the burden of unplanned pregnancies. Key concepts Human immunodeficiency virus, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Termination of pregnancy, Parity and Gravidity.

Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem, 2006. / Submitted by eloisa silva (eloisa1_silva@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-11-09T18:18:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 eloisarodrigues.pdf: 710176 bytes, checksum: 1466ea61dd93985d8e87c178fbc94438 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-11-13T19:09:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 eloisarodrigues.pdf: 710176 bytes, checksum: 1466ea61dd93985d8e87c178fbc94438 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-13T19:09:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 eloisarodrigues.pdf: 710176 bytes, checksum: 1466ea61dd93985d8e87c178fbc94438 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / O presente estudo transversal de base populacional teve como objetivo identificar o perfil da saúde reprodutiva e a prevalência de alta paridade entre mulheres do município do Rio Grande/RS. Defini-se alta paridade a ocorrência de quatro ou mais gestações que geraram filhos vivos com peso igual ou superior a 500 gramas e idade gestacional acima de 20 semanas. Partiu-se da hipótese que além do risco da própria multiparidade as mulheres com alta paridade estão mais expostas a outros fatores de risco como os de ordem social e econômico, dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde e utilização inadequada de métodos anticoncepcionais. Além disso, acredita-se que estas mulheres geram prole com condições de nascimento mais desfavoráveis. O processo de amostragem foi aleatório sistemático por conglomerados onde foram sorteados 20 setores censitários da zona urbana da cidade e, em cada setor visitados 32 domicílios. Participaram da pesquisa 594 mulheres com idade entre 15 e 49 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre setembro de 2005 e março de 2006. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta dos dados baseou-se em um questionário contendo perguntas fechadas estruturadas e semi estruturadas aplicado às mulheres sujeitos da pesquisa. O modelo teórico para determinação dos fatores de risco para a alta paridade foi construído por blocos de variáveis das características socioeconômicas e demográficas, história reprodutiva, anticoncepção, planejamento familiar, história conjugal, acesso aos serviços de saúde, condições de saúde e hábitos pessoais . A análise dos resultados foi obtida através de regressão logística não condicional. A prevalência de alta paridade no presente estudo foi de 15,8%. A análise bruta mostrou que a alta paridade esteve associada positivamente com a idade (p<0.001), cor da pele não branca (p=0.005), presença do companheiro (p<0.001), paridade dos pais maternos (p<0.001), história de filhos com baixo peso ao nascer (p=0.005) abortos (p<0.001), hábito de fumar (p=0.002) e participação do companheiro na escolha do método anticoncepcional (p=0.01)e negativamente com a renda per capita (p<0.001), escolaridade (p<0.001), trabalho fora de casa (p=0.03), idade da primeira gestação(p<0.001) e forma de acesso não gratuito ao método anticoncepcional (p<0.001). Após o ajuste conforme o modelo hierárquico de análise permaneceram significativamente associados ao desfecho estudado presença do companheiro (p=0.02), abortos (p=0.01), participação do companheiro na escolha do método anticoncepcional (p=0.01), renda per capita (p=0.001), escolaridade (p<0.001) e idade da primeira gestação (p<0.001). Esses resultados confirmam um quadro de desigualdades nos quais estão inseridas este grupo de mulheres com alta paridade no município do Rio Grande. Acredita-se que este estudo poderá contribuir para a construção de práticas e modelos de assistência à saúde que reduzam as desigualdades existentes em nossa sociedade, onde as práticas sejam desenvolvidas com equidade e coerência com as necessidades de saúde das mulheres e que repercuta em uma melhor qualidade de vida e saúde no campo da reprodução e sexualidade. / The present population-based transversal study had as objective to identify the reproductive health profile and the predominance of high parity amongst women from the municipal district of Rio Grande/RS. High parity being defined as the occurrence of four or more gestations that generated living children with weight same as or above 500 grams and gestational age above 20 weeks. Beginning from the hypothesis that, beyond the risk of multiple parity itself, the women with high parity are more exposed to other risk factors such as from social and economical order, difficult access to health services and inadequate use of contraceptive measures. Besides that, it is believed that these women give their progeny birth in further unfavorable conditions. The sampling process was systematic random along conglomerates where 20 censual sectors from the urban zone were picked by lot and in each sector 32 dwellings were visited. 594 women with age between 15 and 49 years participated in the research. The data gathering occurred between September 2005 and March 2006. The implement used for the data gathering was based in a questionary containing closed structured and semi-structured questions applied on the women subject of the research. The theoretical model for the determination of risk factors for high parity was build by blocks of variables of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, reproductive history, contraception, family planning, conjugal history, access to health services, health conditions and personal habits. Analyses of the results were obtained through non-conditional logistic regression. The predominance of high parity in the present study were of 15.8%. In the bivaried analyses also it is high parity happened positive association with the age (p<0.001), non whit skin color (p=0.005), living with partner (p<0.001), parity of parents motherly (p,0.001), low birth weight of newborns (p=0.005),abortion (p=0.001), habit of smokes (p=0.002), participation of the partner in the choice of the measure (p=0.01) and negatively with per capita income ( p<0.001), schooling (p<0.001), work out house (p=0.03), age of the first gestation (p<0.001), non free access to contraceptive measures (p<0.001). Behind analyses multivaried remained of the high parity significant association living with partner (p=0.02), abortion (p=0.01), participation of the partner in the choice of the measure (p=0.01), income per capita (p=0.001), schooling(p<0.001), and age of the first gestation (p<0.001).That results confirm one panorama of the inequality on the whom to be insert high parity amongst women from the municipal district of Rio Grande/RS. It is believed that this study will be able to contribute to the making of practices and models for health assistance that can reduce the inequalities existing in our society, in which the developed practices are coherent with the needs of the health of women and that it may outcome for a better quality of life and health in the sexuality and reproduction field. / El presente estudio transversal de base populacional tuvo como objetivo identificar el perfil de la salud reproductiva y la prevalencia de alta paridad entre mujeres del municipio de Rio Grande/RS. Se define alta paridad a ocurrencia de cuatro o más gestaciones que generan hijos vivos con peso igual o superior a 500 gramos y edad gestacional arriba de 20 semanas. Se partió de la hipótesis que aparte del riesgo de la multiparidad en si, las mujeres con alta paridad están más expuestas a otros factores de riesgo tales como los de orden social y económico, dificultad de acceso a los servicios de salud y utilización inadequada de métodos anticoncepcionales. A parte de esto, se cree que estas mujeres generan prole con condiciones de nacimiento más desfavorables. El proceso de la muestra fue aleatorio sistemático por conglomerados donde fueron sorteados 20 sectores censados de la zona urbana de la ciudad y en cada sector visitados 32 domicilios. Participaron de la pesquisa 594 mujeres con edad entre 15 a 49 años. La colecta de datos fue realizada entre setiembre del 2005 y marzo del 2006. El instrumento utilizado para la colecta de los datos se basó en un cuestionario conteniendo preguntas cerradas estructuradas y semi-estructuradas aplicado a las mujeres sujetos de la pesquisa. El modelo teórico para determinación de los factores de riesgo para a alta paridad fue construido por blocos de variables de las características socioeconómicas y demográficas, historia reproductiva, anticoncepción, planeamiento familiar, historia conyugal, aceso a los servicios de salud, condiciones de salud y hábitos personales. El análisis de los resultados fue obtenido por medio de regresión logística no condicional. La prevalencia de alta paridad en el presente estudio fue de 18,8%. El análisis bruto mostró que la alta paridad estuvo asociada positivamente con la edad (p<0.001), color de piel no blanca (p=0.005), presencia de compañero (p<0.001), paridad de padres maternos (p<0.001), historia de hijos con bajo peso al nacer (p+0.005), abortos (p<0.001), hábito de fumar (p=0.002), y participación del compañero en la elección del método anticoncepcional (p=0.001), y negativamente con la renta “por capita” (p=0.001), escolaridad (p=0.001) y edad de la primera gestación (p<0.001). Estos resultados confirman un cuadro de desigualdades en los cuales están inseridas este grupo de mujeres con alta paridad en el municipio de Río Grande. Se cree que este estudio podrá contribuir para la construcción de prácticas y modelos de asistencia a la salud que reduzcan las desigualdades existentes en nuestra sociedad, donde las prácticas sean desenvueltas con igualdad y coherencia con las necesidades de salud en el campo de la reproducción y sexualidad.

Title: Changes in the mechanical parameters of women's hair during pregnancy Matters: We can look from different angles on the hair - as on a nanocomposite fiber and as on biomaterial changing with the origin and age. The hair doesn't differ only by lenght, stucture and color but also by diameter and shape. It reflects the overall health of the individual and all the processes in the organism of the individual and thus also the pregnancy. During pregnancy, hormonal changes take place which have an effect on the hair. Many women experience faster hair growth, extension and increased volume of the hair during pregnancy. This status is only temporary and lasts only to the childbirth. Aim: The aim of this work was to show the influence of pregnancy on mechanical parameters of hair and what direction this influence takes. Next, using questionnaires, to better solve the effect of particular pregnancy parameters on the hair, i.e. pregnancy order, sex of the child. Then, evaluate the whole problem using statistical tests and so make better sense of it. Methods: We'd selected a group of 64 pregnant women; hair samples were cut from them in the nape area each month throughout pregnancy. Each measurement started with evaluation of hair diameter with the use of optical microscope. Next, the hair had been...

Title: Changes in the mechanical parameters of women's hair during pregnancy Matters: We can look from different angles on the hair - as on a nanocomposite fiber and as on biomaterial changing with the origin and age. The hair doesn't differ only by lenght, stucture and color but also by diameter and shape. It reflects the overall health of the individual and all the processes in the organism of the individual and thus also the pregnancy. During pregnancy, hormonal changes take place which have an effect on the hair. Many women experience faster hair growth, extension and increased volume of the hair during pregnancy. This status is only temporary and lasts only to the childbirth. Aim: The aim of this work was to show the influence of pregnancy on mechanical parameters of hair and what direction this influence takes. Next, using questionnaires, to better solve the effect of particular pregnancy parameters on the hair, i.e. pregnancy order, sex of the child. Then, evaluate the whole problem using statistical tests and so make better sense of it. Methods: We'd selected a group of 64 pregnant women; hair samples were cut from them in the nape area each month throughout pregnancy. Each measurement started with evaluation of hair diameter with the use of optical microscope. Next, the hair had been...