Relying upon two common trends in modern castle studies, this exploratory study works to combine the landscape context and the spatial interaction of the main building to create an assessment of the spatial and social interaction between the main residential structure of a noble’s estate and the landscape features attached to surrounding property features. To explore questions about this kind of interaction this project has taken the sheriffdom of Angus, Scotland, between the year 1450 and 1542, to examine non-royal residences in an area that offered a diverse topography. This project aims to gain a better understanding of the surroundings of late fifteenth and early sixteenth century noble residences in Angus while contributing to the growing discussion of castles and their landscapes, and testing methods for addressing the spatial and social interaction between the main structure and the landscape features. Section A discusses the three source types used for compiling the dataset for this project within the context of three key categories needed to create a GIS dataset: location, object, and attributes. From the landscape features the mills and fishings were the most commonly mentioned and further details regarding the contents of the lordly landscapes were rare. Section B explores three methods of examining the relationships between the main residence and the landscape features: a modified RA and RRA values assessment, which measured levels of segregation within the noble residence site as a whole; a version of the gravity model, which helped identify the draw for interaction within the arrangement of the noble’s landscape; and network analysis questions, which facilitated a clear assessment of any connections between the use of structural terms and landscape features mentioned over both temporal and social contexts. This exploration of spatial and social interaction opens up a discussion about Scottish noble landscape creation and new methods for studying the relationship between the main structure and the wider complex of a noble residence.

In recent years, there has been an upsurge in interest in three-dimensional theories of gravity. In particular, two theories of massive gravity in three dimensions hold strong promise in the search for fully consistent theories of quantum gravity, an understanding of which will shed light on the problems of quantum gravity in four dimensions. One of these theories is the “old” third-order theory of topologically massive gravity (TMG) and the other one is a “new” fourth-order theory of massive gravity (NMG). Despite this increase in research activity, the problem of finding and classifying solutions of TMG and NMG remains a wide open area of research. In this thesis, we provide explicit new solutions of massive gravity in three dimensions and suggest future directions of research. These solutions belong to the Kundt class of spacetimes. A systematic analysis of the Kundt solutions with constant scalar polynomial curvature invariants provides a glimpse of the structure of the spaces of solutions of the two theories of massive gravity. We also find explicit solutions of topologically massive gravity whose scalar polynomial curvature invariants are not all constant, and these are the first such solutions. A number of properties of Kundt solutions of TMG and NMG, such as an identification of solutions which lie at the intersection of the full nonlinear and linearized theories, are also derived. / text

As a part of Linköping University’s master program course curriculum, current thesis is performed at Tools and fixtures department (MPCT) of Scania, Oskarshamn. The aim of this master thesis project is to develop a complete construction of the station in CAD which calculates the weight and center of gravity of all the different cabs produced in Scania CV AB. To accomplish this project a generic product development process described in product development textbook by Ulrich and Eppinger (2012), fifth edition and The mechanical design by David G Ullman, fourth edition were extensively used. The whole function from a black box is decomposed into several sub functions and different solutions were identified for these individual functions. By using morphology matrix and proper combinations from these solutions five different concepts were developed and presented to Scania CV AB. The team along with technical design experts in the MPCT department evaluated all the concepts and one concept was chosen for further development. Protecting the weighing scales during loading of cab from forklift onto the station and safety for the cab during tilting are the two main challenges faced during detail design phase. We were able to achieve these operations by incorporating a lifting table into the station design. Thanks to the custom made multi-tasking lift table which is manufactured and supplied by HYMO. With the help of sensors, speed of the lifting table can be controlled with two operating speeds-High & Low. Lifting table moves in its lowest speed whenever it approaches the weighing scales. Incorporation of Jacob safety into the lifting table allows the table to always operate in low speed when the lift link is in action. These sensors ensure high safety for the cab and weighing scales. Apart from this, an emergency stop has been provided to stop the entire operation in case of emergencies. In this proposed design, the center of gravity values will be determined in two stages and the weight readings are recorded in computer during these stages. For determining the longitudinal and transverse distances of CG, weight readings from all the weighing scales is essential once the cab is loaded on the station from the forklift. For determining the vertical distance of CG, two weight readings and measured tilt angle is required. A calculation module will allow the user to enter these values and obtain the result in no time. This developed 3-D CAD model with 2-D drawings are presented to Scania and the obtained results of this work fulfilled the set of requirements set for this master thesis.

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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第24869号 / 理博第4979号 / 新制||理||1711(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 向山 信治, 准教授 樽家 篤史, 教授 橋本 幸士 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

We begin by reviewing special and general relativity in such a way as to smoothly transition into current research. We present the variational formalism of general relativity as well as the extension into the palatini formalism. This allows us to develop a theory on a metric affine manifold rather than the standard manifold in general relativity. We present a generalized action intended to replace the Einstein Hilbert action in general relativity and derive some consequences thereof. The modified field equations are derived by varying this action using the Palatini approach. The corresponding differential equations are solved thereby establishing the equivalence between the modified action and the standard action with a cosmological constant. Furthermore the metric due to a spherically symmetric distribution of mass is found and applied in calculating the bending of light in the curved space. It is deduced that no difference between the modified action and the original Einstein Hilbert action is observed thereby implying that the experiment involving the bending of light around the sun in 1919 in no way distinguishes between our modification and the original approach by Einstein and Hilbert.

This dissertation is focused on three lines of work. In the first part, we consider aspects of holography and gauge/gravity duality in lower and higher dimensions. In particular, we study the duality for exact solutions localized on the Randal-Sundrum 2-branes. We also test if some holographic principles in general relativity can be generalized to include higher derivative theories of gravity; namely Lovelock gravity. In the second part we consider the role of pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons (pNGBs) in inflationary cosmology. Specifically, we construct an inflationary model using string theory axions, and use these pNGBs to produce the observed coherent magnetic field in the Universe. The third part of the thesis is devoted to the study of the phenomenology of emergent phenomena. we investigated whether one could test if diffeomorphism invariance, the sacred symmetry of general relativity, is emergent. We also construct a new minimal vectorial Standard Model, and argue that the absence of mirror particles predicted by this model can give us a hint about the fundamental nature of space.

In this research the Bring-Jerrard quintic polynomial equation is investigated for a formula. Firstly, an explanation given as to why finding a formula and the equation being unsolvable by radicals may appear contradictory when read out of context. Secondly, the reason why some mathematical software programs may fail to render a conclusive test of the formula, and how that can be corrected is explained. As an application, this formula is used to determine another formula that expresses the gravitational constant in terms of other known physical constants. It is also explained why up to now it has been impossible to determine this expression using the current underlying theoretical basis. / M. Sc. (Applied Mathematics)

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