Esta dissertação tem como objeto de estudo a tragédia Helena de Eurípides e sua reinterpretação do mito de Helena. Para tanto, está dividida em duas partes, sendo a primeira um estudo e a segunda uma tradução completa da tragédia em versos. O estudo tem dois capítulos: o primeiro aborda o problema do gênero dramático da peça e alguns aspectos de sua encenação; e o segundo discute imagens tradicionais do mito de Homero a Eurípides, enfatizando a síntese da composição euripideana. / This thesis focuses on the tragedy Helen by Euripides and its reinterpretation of the Helen myth. It is divided in two parts. The first one contains a study and the second offers a complete verse translation of the tragedy. The study presents two chapters. The first deals with the problem of Helens dramatic genre and some aspects of its staging. The second discusses traditional images of the myth from Homer to Euripides, emphasizing the synthesis of the Euripidean composition.

Abstract This thesis offers the first detailed critical account of the Greek-Australian writer, Alex Doucas (1900-1962) who came to Australia in 1927 as a migrant from Asia Minor. It attempts to place his work in the perspectives of Greek and Australian literatures and to evaluate his position both as a migrant and as a writer. The Asia Minor Catastrophe and the exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey in 1923, as well as the Great Depression he faced in Australia along with many other Australians had a profound effect on his social outlook. Considered one of the pioneers of Greek-Australian Literature, Doucas played an important role in the development of Greek community life in Australia during the pre- and post-World War II periods. His work consists of two published novels (one posthumously) and a significant body of published and unpublished, stories, poems, translations and essays. Out of print for some decades, it remains largely unknown to the general public or even to academic circles in Greece and in Australia. It was, however, a landmark of Greek-Australian Literature and continues to have more than historical interest in its treatment of migration, exile and displacement, and in its use of intercultural perspectives to forge a positive vision for humanity. Although forced into ill-paid manual labour for much of his life after his arrival in Australia, Alex Doucas tried to develop links and relationships with Australian intellectual circles and to become involved in Australian life in the broadest way. At the same time, he never lost contact with social, political and literary developments in Greece. Alex Doucas maintained close relations with both the Greek and Australian literary traditions. As a writer he belongs to the Greek generation of the 1930s and its literary traditions. In his work, he dealt with events which took place in Anatolia before the Asia Minor Catastrophe as well as with the impact the catastrophe had on Greek society. He is one of the first writers of his generation who turned his attention to the “other side of the coin” and investigated the impact of the Catastrophe on the Turkish people. This perspective was adopted mainly due to the openness that he found in Australia, an openness that led to Multiculturalism. Alex Doucas was a multiculturalist before his time. His work is a fine example of the Australian version of Multiculturalism. Through his brother Stratis Doucas (also a writer) and others, he kept himself informed on all sorts of changes and developments in his native country, Greece, especially as it was shaped after the Asia Minor Catastrophe. At the same time, he tried to understand the Australian way of life, its culture and its literary traditions. His bi-cultural position gave him a powerful perspective. He attempted to understand the Australian way of life through his Greekness and to find answers for problematic events that happened in Greece through his Australian experience. Across the entire span of Doucas’s work, it is clear that his political philosophy and his belief in the goals of socialism played a crucial role in his consciousness of himself as a writer whose role was to provide the artistic equivalent of the philosophical basis of Marxism, best expressed in the Theses on Feuerbach (1845) by Marx, in his famous dictum, "Philosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it". In other words, it was never enough for Doucas simply to describe in social realist terms the conditions of life and the aspirations of human beings. His aim was to show how these conditions might be changed for the better, not only for the individual, but for the community as a whole. Equally, he wished to show how people’s aspirations, particularly those of an immigrant community familiar with exile, suffering and loss, might be more fully realised.

Habilitationsschrift : ? : Philosophische Fakultät Saarbrücken : 1976. / Bibliogr. p. 9-12. Index.

Abstract This thesis offers the first detailed critical account of the Greek-Australian writer, Alex Doucas (1900-1962) who came to Australia in 1927 as a migrant from Asia Minor. It attempts to place his work in the perspectives of Greek and Australian literatures and to evaluate his position both as a migrant and as a writer. The Asia Minor Catastrophe and the exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey in 1923, as well as the Great Depression he faced in Australia along with many other Australians had a profound effect on his social outlook. Considered one of the pioneers of Greek-Australian Literature, Doucas played an important role in the development of Greek community life in Australia during the pre- and post-World War II periods. His work consists of two published novels (one posthumously) and a significant body of published and unpublished, stories, poems, translations and essays. Out of print for some decades, it remains largely unknown to the general public or even to academic circles in Greece and in Australia. It was, however, a landmark of Greek-Australian Literature and continues to have more than historical interest in its treatment of migration, exile and displacement, and in its use of intercultural perspectives to forge a positive vision for humanity. Although forced into ill-paid manual labour for much of his life after his arrival in Australia, Alex Doucas tried to develop links and relationships with Australian intellectual circles and to become involved in Australian life in the broadest way. At the same time, he never lost contact with social, political and literary developments in Greece. Alex Doucas maintained close relations with both the Greek and Australian literary traditions. As a writer he belongs to the Greek generation of the 1930s and its literary traditions. In his work, he dealt with events which took place in Anatolia before the Asia Minor Catastrophe as well as with the impact the catastrophe had on Greek society. He is one of the first writers of his generation who turned his attention to the “other side of the coin” and investigated the impact of the Catastrophe on the Turkish people. This perspective was adopted mainly due to the openness that he found in Australia, an openness that led to Multiculturalism. Alex Doucas was a multiculturalist before his time. His work is a fine example of the Australian version of Multiculturalism. Through his brother Stratis Doucas (also a writer) and others, he kept himself informed on all sorts of changes and developments in his native country, Greece, especially as it was shaped after the Asia Minor Catastrophe. At the same time, he tried to understand the Australian way of life, its culture and its literary traditions. His bi-cultural position gave him a powerful perspective. He attempted to understand the Australian way of life through his Greekness and to find answers for problematic events that happened in Greece through his Australian experience. Across the entire span of Doucas’s work, it is clear that his political philosophy and his belief in the goals of socialism played a crucial role in his consciousness of himself as a writer whose role was to provide the artistic equivalent of the philosophical basis of Marxism, best expressed in the Theses on Feuerbach (1845) by Marx, in his famous dictum, "Philosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it". In other words, it was never enough for Doucas simply to describe in social realist terms the conditions of life and the aspirations of human beings. His aim was to show how these conditions might be changed for the better, not only for the individual, but for the community as a whole. Equally, he wished to show how people’s aspirations, particularly those of an immigrant community familiar with exile, suffering and loss, might be more fully realised.

Abstract This thesis offers the first detailed critical account of the Greek-Australian writer, Alex Doucas (1900-1962) who came to Australia in 1927 as a migrant from Asia Minor. It attempts to place his work in the perspectives of Greek and Australian literatures and to evaluate his position both as a migrant and as a writer. The Asia Minor Catastrophe and the exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey in 1923, as well as the Great Depression he faced in Australia along with many other Australians had a profound effect on his social outlook. Considered one of the pioneers of Greek-Australian Literature, Doucas played an important role in the development of Greek community life in Australia during the pre- and post-World War II periods. His work consists of two published novels (one posthumously) and a significant body of published and unpublished, stories, poems, translations and essays. Out of print for some decades, it remains largely unknown to the general public or even to academic circles in Greece and in Australia. It was, however, a landmark of Greek-Australian Literature and continues to have more than historical interest in its treatment of migration, exile and displacement, and in its use of intercultural perspectives to forge a positive vision for humanity. Although forced into ill-paid manual labour for much of his life after his arrival in Australia, Alex Doucas tried to develop links and relationships with Australian intellectual circles and to become involved in Australian life in the broadest way. At the same time, he never lost contact with social, political and literary developments in Greece. Alex Doucas maintained close relations with both the Greek and Australian literary traditions. As a writer he belongs to the Greek generation of the 1930s and its literary traditions. In his work, he dealt with events which took place in Anatolia before the Asia Minor Catastrophe as well as with the impact the catastrophe had on Greek society. He is one of the first writers of his generation who turned his attention to the “other side of the coin” and investigated the impact of the Catastrophe on the Turkish people. This perspective was adopted mainly due to the openness that he found in Australia, an openness that led to Multiculturalism. Alex Doucas was a multiculturalist before his time. His work is a fine example of the Australian version of Multiculturalism. Through his brother Stratis Doucas (also a writer) and others, he kept himself informed on all sorts of changes and developments in his native country, Greece, especially as it was shaped after the Asia Minor Catastrophe. At the same time, he tried to understand the Australian way of life, its culture and its literary traditions. His bi-cultural position gave him a powerful perspective. He attempted to understand the Australian way of life through his Greekness and to find answers for problematic events that happened in Greece through his Australian experience. Across the entire span of Doucas’s work, it is clear that his political philosophy and his belief in the goals of socialism played a crucial role in his consciousness of himself as a writer whose role was to provide the artistic equivalent of the philosophical basis of Marxism, best expressed in the Theses on Feuerbach (1845) by Marx, in his famous dictum, "Philosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it". In other words, it was never enough for Doucas simply to describe in social realist terms the conditions of life and the aspirations of human beings. His aim was to show how these conditions might be changed for the better, not only for the individual, but for the community as a whole. Equally, he wished to show how people’s aspirations, particularly those of an immigrant community familiar with exile, suffering and loss, might be more fully realised.

Abstract This thesis offers the first detailed critical account of the Greek-Australian writer, Alex Doucas (1900-1962) who came to Australia in 1927 as a migrant from Asia Minor. It attempts to place his work in the perspectives of Greek and Australian literatures and to evaluate his position both as a migrant and as a writer. The Asia Minor Catastrophe and the exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey in 1923, as well as the Great Depression he faced in Australia along with many other Australians had a profound effect on his social outlook. Considered one of the pioneers of Greek-Australian Literature, Doucas played an important role in the development of Greek community life in Australia during the pre- and post-World War II periods. His work consists of two published novels (one posthumously) and a significant body of published and unpublished, stories, poems, translations and essays. Out of print for some decades, it remains largely unknown to the general public or even to academic circles in Greece and in Australia. It was, however, a landmark of Greek-Australian Literature and continues to have more than historical interest in its treatment of migration, exile and displacement, and in its use of intercultural perspectives to forge a positive vision for humanity. Although forced into ill-paid manual labour for much of his life after his arrival in Australia, Alex Doucas tried to develop links and relationships with Australian intellectual circles and to become involved in Australian life in the broadest way. At the same time, he never lost contact with social, political and literary developments in Greece. Alex Doucas maintained close relations with both the Greek and Australian literary traditions. As a writer he belongs to the Greek generation of the 1930s and its literary traditions. In his work, he dealt with events which took place in Anatolia before the Asia Minor Catastrophe as well as with the impact the catastrophe had on Greek society. He is one of the first writers of his generation who turned his attention to the “other side of the coin” and investigated the impact of the Catastrophe on the Turkish people. This perspective was adopted mainly due to the openness that he found in Australia, an openness that led to Multiculturalism. Alex Doucas was a multiculturalist before his time. His work is a fine example of the Australian version of Multiculturalism. Through his brother Stratis Doucas (also a writer) and others, he kept himself informed on all sorts of changes and developments in his native country, Greece, especially as it was shaped after the Asia Minor Catastrophe. At the same time, he tried to understand the Australian way of life, its culture and its literary traditions. His bi-cultural position gave him a powerful perspective. He attempted to understand the Australian way of life through his Greekness and to find answers for problematic events that happened in Greece through his Australian experience. Across the entire span of Doucas’s work, it is clear that his political philosophy and his belief in the goals of socialism played a crucial role in his consciousness of himself as a writer whose role was to provide the artistic equivalent of the philosophical basis of Marxism, best expressed in the Theses on Feuerbach (1845) by Marx, in his famous dictum, "Philosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it". In other words, it was never enough for Doucas simply to describe in social realist terms the conditions of life and the aspirations of human beings. His aim was to show how these conditions might be changed for the better, not only for the individual, but for the community as a whole. Equally, he wished to show how people’s aspirations, particularly those of an immigrant community familiar with exile, suffering and loss, might be more fully realised.

Abstract This thesis offers the first detailed critical account of the Greek-Australian writer, Alex Doucas (1900-1962) who came to Australia in 1927 as a migrant from Asia Minor. It attempts to place his work in the perspectives of Greek and Australian literatures and to evaluate his position both as a migrant and as a writer. The Asia Minor Catastrophe and the exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey in 1923, as well as the Great Depression he faced in Australia along with many other Australians had a profound effect on his social outlook. Considered one of the pioneers of Greek-Australian Literature, Doucas played an important role in the development of Greek community life in Australia during the pre- and post-World War II periods. His work consists of two published novels (one posthumously) and a significant body of published and unpublished, stories, poems, translations and essays. Out of print for some decades, it remains largely unknown to the general public or even to academic circles in Greece and in Australia. It was, however, a landmark of Greek-Australian Literature and continues to have more than historical interest in its treatment of migration, exile and displacement, and in its use of intercultural perspectives to forge a positive vision for humanity. Although forced into ill-paid manual labour for much of his life after his arrival in Australia, Alex Doucas tried to develop links and relationships with Australian intellectual circles and to become involved in Australian life in the broadest way. At the same time, he never lost contact with social, political and literary developments in Greece. Alex Doucas maintained close relations with both the Greek and Australian literary traditions. As a writer he belongs to the Greek generation of the 1930s and its literary traditions. In his work, he dealt with events which took place in Anatolia before the Asia Minor Catastrophe as well as with the impact the catastrophe had on Greek society. He is one of the first writers of his generation who turned his attention to the “other side of the coin” and investigated the impact of the Catastrophe on the Turkish people. This perspective was adopted mainly due to the openness that he found in Australia, an openness that led to Multiculturalism. Alex Doucas was a multiculturalist before his time. His work is a fine example of the Australian version of Multiculturalism. Through his brother Stratis Doucas (also a writer) and others, he kept himself informed on all sorts of changes and developments in his native country, Greece, especially as it was shaped after the Asia Minor Catastrophe. At the same time, he tried to understand the Australian way of life, its culture and its literary traditions. His bi-cultural position gave him a powerful perspective. He attempted to understand the Australian way of life through his Greekness and to find answers for problematic events that happened in Greece through his Australian experience. Across the entire span of Doucas’s work, it is clear that his political philosophy and his belief in the goals of socialism played a crucial role in his consciousness of himself as a writer whose role was to provide the artistic equivalent of the philosophical basis of Marxism, best expressed in the Theses on Feuerbach (1845) by Marx, in his famous dictum, "Philosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it". In other words, it was never enough for Doucas simply to describe in social realist terms the conditions of life and the aspirations of human beings. His aim was to show how these conditions might be changed for the better, not only for the individual, but for the community as a whole. Equally, he wished to show how people’s aspirations, particularly those of an immigrant community familiar with exile, suffering and loss, might be more fully realised.

Habilitation Thesis--Universität Tübingen, 1958. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 1115-1120) and index.

Dans les trois recueils de nouvelles publiés par Marios Hakkas (1931-1972) entre 1966 et 1972, la disparité entre les textes est manifeste. Trop souvent ignorée des critiques, elle s’explique par une diversité des approches énonciatives : les nouvelles-discours s’imposent au détriment des nouvelles-récits. Formellement construite comme un récit, la nouvelle prend de plus en plus la forme d’un discours à la première personne. L’objectif de la thèse a dès lors été d’étudier ce qui détermine une évolution faisant passer de la forme narrative, parfois convenue et idéologiquement marquée, à un type de discours non dogmatique, centré sur le sujet et libéré des contraintes formelles du récit.L’hétérogénéité des formes narratives est liée tant à la mutation des acteurs du récit que sont le narrateur et les personnages qu’au recentrage de la nouvelle sur la quête d’un savoir. Car c’est un énonciateur-sujet qui prend la relève du narrateur sans qu’on sache toujours très bien s’il s’agit de l’auteur lui-même, atteint d’un cancer, ou d’un être de fiction. Menant un travail d’interprétation dans le chaos des signes où il manque de disparaître, il tente de saisir sa propre identité, contribuant ainsi à refonder la nouvelle. Ce genre finit par s’enraciner dans une matière et sur une structure mobiles, se détournant de toute forme prédéterminée et univoque, privilégiant en tout cas une organisation ouverte aux affects et aux possibles. La nouvelle reprend vie et devient un énoncé vivant. / In the three collections of short stories published by Marios Hakkas (1931-1972) between 1966 and 1972, the discrepancy between the texts is obvious. Too often overlooked by critics, it can be explained by a wide range of enunciative approaches: discourse-short stories establish themselves at the expense of narrative-short stories. Formally built as a narrative, the short story looks more and more like a first-person speech. The aim of the thesis has been from then on to study what determines the evolution from the narrative form, sometimes conventional and ideologically committed, to a non-dogmatic speech, focused on the subject and relieved from the narrative’s formal constraints. The heterogeneity of narrative forms is related to both the transformation of story actors, namely the narrator and the characters, and to the short story being focused on a search of knowledge. For it is a subject-enunciator who takes over from the narrator without being clearly known whether he is the author himself, affected by a cancer, or a fictional being. Engaging in an interpretation through the chaos of signs where he nearly disappears, he tries to grasp his own identity, thus contributing to the short story’s rebuilding. This genre ends up taking root in a material and on a structure, that are both mobile, turning away from any predetermined and unequivocal form, privileging in any case an organization which is open to affects and to the possible. The short story comes back to life and becomes a living utterance.

Orientador: Gentil de Faria / Banca: Daniel Rossi Nunes Lopes / Banca: Fernando Brandão dos Santos / Resumo: Este estudo aborda a intersecção entre mito, literatura e direito em Édipo rei, de Sófocles, e tem como objetivo identificar os fatores de conexão entre essas áreas do saber na tragédia grega, propondo reflexões em torno dessas disciplinas. Objetiva, ainda, demonstrar como a interpretação literária pode ser útil para identificar a temática jurídica em narrativas literárias, bem como realçar a função sociológica e psicológica do mito, aproximando-o das finalidades do direito, notadamente como modelo de conduta humana e forma de controle social. Adota como ponto de partida as contribuições fornecidas pela teoria dos sistemas autopoiéticos de Niklas Luhmann, da qual se originam os fundamentos basilares para justificar a comunicação entre diferentes nichos do saber e dos teóricos do Law and Literature Movement. A literatura comparada sob a vertente do dialogismo bakhtiniano também reforça a noção de comunicação entre discursos de naturezas diversas (antropológico, literário e jurídico). Os estudos de Frye, Mielietinski e Durand explicam a dupla relação que se estabelece entre o mito e a literatura e pensadores modernos como Nietszche e Lévi-Strauss contribuem para demonstrar que os mitos continuam a ser valorizados e sobrevivem nos dias atuais. O denominado ―prolegômeno de Campbell‖, sobretudo sob a perspectiva da função sociológica e psicológica da narrativa mítica, e a tese de Eliade que encerra a ideia do caráter ritualístico do mito e a sua correspondência a um conjunto de códigos exemplares de conduta estreitam ainda mais as relações do mito com o direito. Na sequência, partindo das considerações teóricas, a pesquisa centra-se na questão da analogia entre o saber de Édipo, consubstanciado na solução do enigma da esfinge e na cura de Tebas, com os problemas da hermenêutica jurídica. Dessa forma, o trabalho se propõe a obter a ampliação e fusão dos horizontes de cada uma das... / Abstract: This study focuses on the intersection between myth, literature and law in Oedipus the King, by Sophocles, and aims to identify the connections between these areas of knowledge in Greek tragedy. It also aims to demonstrate how literary interpretation can be useful to identify the legal issues in literary narratives, as well as enhance the psychological and sociological functions of the myth, approaching it from the law purposes, notably as model of human behavior and form of social control. It adopts as a starting point for the input provided by the autopoietic systems theory by Niklas Luhmann, from which originate the basic foundations to justify the communication between different niches of knowledge and theorists of the Law and Literature Movement. Comparative literature under Bakhtin's dialogism also reinforces the notion of communication between speeches of various kinds (anthropological, literary and legal). Studies of Frye, Mielietinski and Durand explain the dual relationship established between myth and literature, and modern thinkers such as Nietzsche and Lévi-Strauss show that the myths will continue to be valued and survive. The so-called "Campbell prolegomenon", especially from the perspective of sociological and psychological function of mythic narrative and Eliade's arguments that conveys the idea of ritualistic character of myth and its correspondence to a set of exemplary codes of conduct, even more the relation myth and Law. In sequence, starting from theoretical considerations, the research focuses on the issue of analogy between the wisdom of Oedipus, embodied in the solution of the riddle of the Sphinx and in the healing of Thebes, with legal interpretation issues. Thus, the thesis aims to achieve the expansion and fusion of horizons of each of one of the areas of knowledge involved, especially from the point of view of identification and understanding of the law and its resonance in Greek tragedy, and the ... / Mestre