The near for several year Taiwan various metropolises city, steps out one after another footsteps of the city style transformation, simultaneously penetrates the successful city style transformation, not only causes the city transformation, to be reborn, also promotes the people to the city centripetal force and the honorable feeling. But lets the city continue forever, the health development must penetrate the space, the landscape, the environment, the ecology, the economy, the society, the culture, educates each good government. Again by way of each way city marketing, establishes its image localization to this city with his city populace or the foreign tourist. In recent years the whole world climatic change fierce change, the cause continues discharging to hundred years coming person for the greenhouse gas which has not controlled, the humanity since 19th century Industrial Revolution until now, discharged in the atmosphere CO2 (carbon dioxide) to have absorbs the infrared which the surface diverged, enable to approach the surface the temperature rise, this kind of approximate greenhouse increased the warm function to be called the greenhouse effect, but its function gas was the greenhouse gas.

Attention worldwide has been placed towards reducing the global carbon footprint. To this end the scientific community has been involved in improving many of the available methods of carbon capture and storage (CCS). CCS involves scrubbing flue gases of greenhouse gases and safely storing them deep underground. MOFs, a family of functionally tunable three dimensional nanoporous frameworks, have been shown to adsorb gases with great selectivity and capacity. Investigating these frameworks using computational simulations, although faster than in-lab synthetic methods, involves a tedious and meticulous input preparation process which is subject to human error. This thesis presents Dave's Occupancy Automation Package (DOAP),a software which provides a means to automatically determine the gas uptake of many three dimensional frameworks. By providing atomic coordinates for a unit simulation cell, the software acts to performs the necessary calculations to construct and execute a Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation, determining the gas uptake in a metal organic framework. Additionally an analysis of different convergence assessment tests for describing the end point of the GCMC simulation is presented.

Electric vehicles offer a method of transportation where the energy generation process is moved from the on-board engine to the electrical generation system. The Canadian electrical generation mix has a significant portion of low carbon and renewable sources. This low environmental impact source of energy is then transferred to electric vehicles when they are charged from the grid. This thesis analyses the energy flow for such electric vehicles, particularly buses. Battery systems and charger technology, core to the vehicle operations, are examined; looking at energy flow from plug to wheels. Field data collected from on-board recordings and simultaneous Global Positioning System (GPS) signals were used to develop a new predictive model for an electric bus. The mathematical model for the electric bus was then compared with a similar sized diesel engine vehicle model using the Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit (PSAT). The operational energy cost of the electric bus is contrasted with a similarly sized Compression Ignition (CI) engine bus and was found to be very favourable. Also cost effective battery system upgrades to the present system were analysed for improved return on investment. / UOIT

The purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, it is a feasibility study intended to contribute tofurther research on the municipal authority to mitigate green house gas emissions. This will bedone by studying the municipal authority on green house gas mitigation measures in threeSwedish municipalities. To fulfil the purpose the following questions are set to be answered.What is the municipal authority over green house gas mitigation measures in these threemunicipalities?- What is the formal ability of municipalities in Sweden to act on GHG mitigation?- What measures do these three municipalities use to mitigate GHG emissions?- How do the municipalities consider their climate authority?The study focused on measures within three sectors; traffic and transport; energy, andinformation and out-reaches. Transport and energy make up the main sources of GHGemissions in the municipalities, and information was a common measure.4 categories of authority were developed; Legal authority, Economic authority, Climatecompetence and Collaborations, this to get a picture of what influenced climate authority. Theidea for this came from previous research that involved aspects similar to the categories. Theresult showed that municipal climate authority is quite relative, the categories are relevant, butpolitical will and ambitions on tackling climate change are decisive. In the transport sector themunicipal authority was restricted due to the authority of other actors. The authority in theenergy sector was limited because national legislation had precedence.The municipal climate authority is considered strong within its own organisation, themunicipal role as wide and involving many responsibilities. The role was described as widerthan the municipal authority. Most of the climate measures are directed towards themunicipality’s own organisation, the premises of the municipality and the services it provides.Outside the municipal organisation and services, but within its geographic unit, in the specificmeasures developed in this study, the climate authority was weaker and mainly exercisedthrough collaborations. The municipalities are not using their climate authority in full. Byimplementing measures like climate considerations in public procurement, their authoritycould be improved.

Attention worldwide has been placed towards reducing the global carbon footprint. To this end the scientific community has been involved in improving many of the available methods of carbon capture and storage (CCS). CCS involves scrubbing flue gases of greenhouse gases and safely storing them deep underground. MOFs, a family of functionally tunable three dimensional nanoporous frameworks, have been shown to adsorb gases with great selectivity and capacity. Investigating these frameworks using computational simulations, although faster than in-lab synthetic methods, involves a tedious and meticulous input preparation process which is subject to human error. This thesis presents Dave's Occupancy Automation Package (DOAP),a software which provides a means to automatically determine the gas uptake of many three dimensional frameworks. By providing atomic coordinates for a unit simulation cell, the software acts to performs the necessary calculations to construct and execute a Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation, determining the gas uptake in a metal organic framework. Additionally an analysis of different convergence assessment tests for describing the end point of the GCMC simulation is presented.

Attention worldwide has been placed towards reducing the global carbon footprint. To this end the scientific community has been involved in improving many of the available methods of carbon capture and storage (CCS). CCS involves scrubbing flue gases of greenhouse gases and safely storing them deep underground. MOFs, a family of functionally tunable three dimensional nanoporous frameworks, have been shown to adsorb gases with great selectivity and capacity. Investigating these frameworks using computational simulations, although faster than in-lab synthetic methods, involves a tedious and meticulous input preparation process which is subject to human error. This thesis presents Dave's Occupancy Automation Package (DOAP),a software which provides a means to automatically determine the gas uptake of many three dimensional frameworks. By providing atomic coordinates for a unit simulation cell, the software acts to performs the necessary calculations to construct and execute a Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation, determining the gas uptake in a metal organic framework. Additionally an analysis of different convergence assessment tests for describing the end point of the GCMC simulation is presented.

No description available.

<P> There is a growing interest in magnesium and its alloys due to their high strength to weight ratio. Magnesium is of particular interest to the automotive industry as a consequence of the current pressure to reduce green house gas emissions from the transportation sector through vehicle weight reduction. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the formability of magnesium. As a result, the application of magnesium as a commercial material has not been fully exploited. Much has been learned from the constitutive modeling of materials such as aluminum and steel. Therefore, this thesis considers the constitutive modeling of magnesium and its alloys. </p> <p> Based on this motivation, polycrystal plasticity theories that have been established and used to characterize aluminum and steel are studied. The validity of these theories is examined with respect to magnesium and its alloys. The magnesium system is composed of the hexagonal closed-packed (HCP) crystal structure. Therefore, a strong plastic anisotropy is induced in magnesium crystals due to the limited number of slip systems that may be activated with ease. The models proposed by Taylor and Sachs neglect strain and stress heterogeneities respectively. As a result, the models are either too stiff or too soft to study magnesium due to the anisotropic nature of the crystal structure. The intermediate models; self-consistent models, which are able to consider the heterogeneities among the grains in polycrystals, are believed to be more suitable to study magnesium and its alloys. Therefore, a large strain elastic-viscoplastic self-consistent (EVPSC) model is developed for polycrystalline materials. Both rate sensitive slip and twinning are included as mechanisms of plastic deformation, while elastic anisotropy is accounted for in the elastic modulus. The transition from single crystal plasticity to polycrystal plasticity is based on a completely self-consistent approach. It is shown that the differences in the predicted stress-strain curves and texture evolutions based on the EVPSC and the viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) model proposed by Lebensohn and Tome (1993) are negligible at large strains for monotonic loadings. For the deformations involving unloading and strain path changes, the EVPSC predicts a smooth elasto-plastic transition, while the VPSC model gives a discontinuous response because the model is incapable of modeling elastic deformation. In addition, it is demonstrated that the EVPSC model can capture some important experimental features which cannot be simulated by using the VPSC model. </p> <p> Various self-consistent schemes exist for EVPSC and VPSC models. However, the evaluations of these models are not complete. Therefore, an examination of various polycrystal plasticity models is made, based on comparisons of the predicted and experimental stress responses as well as the R values, to assess their validity. It is established that, among the models examined, the self-consistent models with grain interaction stiffuess values halfway between those of the limiting Secant (stiff) and Tangent (compliant) approximations give the best results. Among the available options, the Affine self-consistent scheme results in the best overall performance. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the R values under uniaxial tension and compression within the sheet plane show a strong dependence on the imposed strain. This suggests that the development of anisotropic yield functions using measured R values, must account for the strain. dependence. </p> <p> The recently developed large strain elastic visco-plastic self-consistent (EVPSC) model, which incorporates both slip and twinning deformation mechanisms, is used to study .the lattice strain evolution in extruded magnesium alloy AZ31 under uniaxial tension and compression. The results are compared against in-situ neutron diffraction measurements done on the same alloy. For the first time, the effects of stress relaxation and strain creep on lattice strain measurements in respectively displacement controlled and load controlled in-situ tests are numerically assessed. It is found that the stress relaxation, has a significant effect on the lattice strain measurements. It is also observed that although the creep does not significantly affect the trend of the lattice strain evolution, a better agreement with the experiments is found if creep is included in the simulations. </p> <p> In conjunction with the M-K approach developed by Marciniak and Kuczynski (1967), the EVPSC model is applied to study the sheet metal formability of magnesium alloys in terms of the forming limit diagram (FLO). The role of crystal plasticity models and the effects of basal texture on formability of magnesium alloy AZ31 B sheet are studied numerically. It is observed that formability in HCP polycrystalline materials is very sensitive to the intensity of the basal texture. The path-dependency of formability is examined based on different non-proportional loading histories, which are combinations of two linear strain paths. It is found that while the FLO in strain space is very sensitive to strain path changes, the forming limit stress diagram (FLSO) in stress space is much less path-dependent. It is suggested that the FLSO is much more favourable than the FLO in representing forming limits in the numerical simulation of sheet metal forming processes. The numerical results are found to be in good qualitative agreement with experimental observations. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No description available.

Arbetets syfte är att på ett metodiskt vis utveckla en produkt i form av ett växthus för inom- och utomhusbruk, på uppdrag av ett utomstående företag. En förstudie utfördes för att bredda kunskapen kring växters krav och behov. Därefter undersöktes även vilka krav och önskemål odlarna ställer på en produkt av denna karaktär. Enkät- och intervjusvar blev grunden för många beslut kring funktion och utseende. Dessutom låg fokus på att utveckla en trendig och hållbar produkt. Utvecklingen följde en arbetsprocess utvecklad av Pahl och Beitz som består av 4 olika faser: planering/specifikation, konceptuell design, konceptutveckling och detaljdesign. Resultatet blev ett växthus med möjlighet för odling i jord och kruka. Locket till växthuset fungerar som avställningsbänk och inkapslar en syntetisk belysning som hjälper växterna frodas i karga nordiska miljöer. I locket finns även ett bevattningssystem som underlättar bevattning för användaren. Genom en modulär konstruktion erbjuds användaren 360 graders åtkomst till växterna från jordnivå. / The degree project’s purpose was to develop a product following a methodological approach. The product was a miniature greenhouse for indoor and outdoor use, commissioned by a company. The goal of the project was to develop an entire product. An extensive prestudy was performed focused on understanding plants and their needs. Wishes and demands of users were collected by questionnaires and interviews. The answers collected became the basis for many decisions regarding function and form. Furthermore, a lot of focus was on developing a trendy and sustainable product. The development process followed Pahl and Beitz’s model which consists of 4 phases: Planning/specification, Conceptual design, Concept development and Detail design. The result is a greenhouse with the possibility for growing in pots or soil. The lid acts as a storage space and encapsulates the synthetic lights that will help the plants grow, especially in climates with less sun. The lid also contains a system that makes watering the plants easier. The modular construction gives the user 360-degree access to the plants from soil level.