This dissertation uses the logic embodied in Strategic Fit Theory, the Natural Resource-Based View of the Firm (NRBV), strategic human resource management, and other relevant literature streams to empirically demonstrate how the environmental orientation of a firm's strategy impacts their environmental performance and resultant financial performance through the firm's Information Technology hiring practices. Specifically, it was hypothesized that firms with a strong relationship between the environmental orientation of their strategy and their green computing hiring practices will achieve higher environmental performance, and, as a result, higher levels of financial performance than firms lacking such fit. The organization's environmental orientation was measured via content analysis of the annual report texts (ARTs). Environmental performance was measured using KLD's award-winning environmental performance metrics. I triangulated across efficiency, effectiveness, and market-based metrics to capture a more holistic measure of the firm's financial performance using data from Compustat/Research Insight. The firm's green computing hiring practices were measured utilizing a web content data mining application that pulled job ads for computing graduates and then extracted the environmentally-oriented skills identified in such ads using content analytic techniques. Various control variables were employed to eliminate possible alternative explanations of my research findings. A number of statistical and analytical techniques were used to assess the nature and strength of the relationships in my theoretical model as are articulated in the proposed hypotheses. The sample size of firms is fairly large, thus increasing the statistical power of the empirical tests. Previous empirical testing of the relationship between environmental strategy and financial performance is still in the developmental stages and has produced mixed results, partly because important intervening mechanisms, such as green computing hiring practices, has not received adequate attention in the empirical literature. The combination of using a large sample of real world firms, a powerful combination of qualitative and quantitative methodological techniques to tap into key trace evidence not available through other methodological techniques, and leveraging an award-winning environmental data set has enhanced the robustness of the empirical findings in addressing this important gap in the literature. The results of the analyses show that there is a strong relationship between an organization's environmental posturing and its environmental performance. Additionally, this effect is mediated by the organization's environmental hiring practices, indicating that implementing the organization's environmental strategy through its hiring practices is important in achieving improved environmental performance. The current research also shows that there is a strong and positive relationship between an organization's environmental performance and financial performance. Surprisingly, these relationships are not significantly impacted by the organization's industry affiliation, which broadens the generalizability of the results of this study.

No / The purpose of this paper is to utilize the existing theories and knowledge surrounding information systems (IS) evaluation and Green information technology (IT)/IS investments to develop a conceptual model for helping decision makers to overcome and reduce the impacts from Green IT/IS investment related to cost overruns or under-optimized budgets. The paper is discursive, based on the analysis and synthesis of literature pertaining to IS evaluation, Green IT/IS adoption and Sustainable/Green/CSR within an aviation context. Gaps in the preceding research have been identified, and a conceptual model is proposed. Additionally, further research and a methodology are suggested. The paper proposes a conceptual model that can identify factors including external factors derived from institutional theory, internal organizational factors, and a list of indirect costs associated with Green IT/IS investments for an aviation organization. As a conceptual paper, the study is limited to literature, identifying gaps, and proposing a model. The paper recommends further empirical validation of the proposed conceptual model. The conceptual model is helpful for decision makers within the aviation industry to enhance their understanding of the identification and management of indirect costs within the aviation context, which results in effective management of Green IT/IS indirect costs. The paper fills gaps in the knowledge of IS evaluation, Green IT/IS adoption/evaluation within aviation context through helping decision makers to understand, identify, and manage the associated indirect costs.

La réflexion développée dans cette thèse s’inspire conjointement de travaux de recherche en management stratégique et en systèmes d’information (SI). Elle tend à analyser la relation entre le développement durable (DD), la responsabilité sociale d’entreprise (RSE) et les systèmes d’information (SI) en s’intéressant à un nouvel objet dans ce champ : le Green IT. Comme peu de recherches y ont encore été consacrées, elle vise simultanément à décrire ce phénomène émergent, à comprendre les raisons de son adoption et de sa diffusion au sein des organisations et à en concevoir une instrumentation. La théorie néo-institutionnelle et l’approche socio-rationnelle de la diffusion d’une innovation ont été mobilisées pour élaborer un cadre d’analyse de l’adoption. Une réflexion sur la valeur du Green IT a été menée et associée à une revue de modèles de pilotage dans la perspective de créer un instrument de mesure du Green IT. À l’issue d’une recherche ingénierique, un outil d’évaluation de la maturité éco-responsable du SI, inspiré des tableaux de bord prospectifs, a été co-construit. Il a ensuite été testé dans deux contextes organisationnels distincts fournissant une première lecture du phénomène. Afin de compléter cette vision et d’examiner les facteurs susceptibles d’affecter l’adoption du Green IT, une enquête par questionnaire a ensuite été réalisée. Les résultats mettent en exergue l’importance des pressions institutionnelles, des bénéfices escomptés, des obstacles perçus, des attitudes environnementales et de la politique RSE dans la décision d’adoption. / The reflection developed in this thesis is jointly inspired by research in strategic management and information systems (IS). It tends to analyze the relationship between the sustainable development (SD), the corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the information systems (IS) in addressing a new object in this field: Green IT. As not much research have yet been dedicated to this subject, it simultaneously aims to describe this emerging phenomenon, to understand the reasons for its adoption and its diffusion within organizations and to design instrumentation. The neo-institutional theory and the socio-rational approach to the diffusion of innovation have been mobilized to develop a framework for analysis of the adoption. A reflection on the value of Green IT was led and associated with a review of governance models to create a measuring instrument of Green IT. At the end of an engineering search, an evaluation tool of the eco-responsible maturity of IS, inspired by Balanced Scorecards, was co-built. It was then tested in two distinct organizational contexts providing a first interpretation of the phenomenon. To complete this vision and examine the factors that may affect the adoption of Green IT, a survey was then realized. The results highlight the importance of institutional pressures, expected benefits, perceived obstacles, environmental attitudes and the CSR policy in the decision to adopt.

Cloud Computing presents a novel way for businesses to procure their IT needs. Its elasticity and on-demand provisioning enables a shift from capital expenditures to operating expenses, giving businesses the technological agility they need to respond to an ever-changing marketplace. The rapid adoption of Cloud Computing, however, poses a unique challenge to Cloud providers—their already very large electricity bill and carbon footprint will get larger as they expand; managing both costs is therefore essential to their growth. This thesis squarely addresses the above challenge. Recognizing the presence of Cloud data centers in multiple locations and the differences in electricity price and emission intensity among these locations and over time, we develop an optimization framework that couples workload distribution with time-varying signals on electricity price and emission intensity for financial and environmental benefits. The framework is comprised of an optimization model, an aggregate cost function, and 6 scheduling heuristics. To evaluate cost savings, we run simulations with 5 data centers located across North America over a period of 81 days. We use historical data on electricity price, emission intensity, and workload collected from market operators and research data archives. We find that our framework can produce substantial cost savings, especially when workloads are distributed both geographically and temporally—up to 53.35% on electricity cost, or 29.13% on carbon cost, or 51.44% on electricity cost and 13.14% on carbon cost simultaneously.

This work deals with IT market (especially hardware) and tracks its trends and development. In the first chapters assesses the current status and future development of strategic hardware components. Software technologies (that affect the hardware) are also mentioned. These are Cloud computing, operating systems and the Internet. In addition, all relevant factors (that should be taken into account when choosing a computer) are included. For example the choice between desktop and laptop, or Mac and PC (Windows). In the next section, the typical corporate roles are analysed according to their computer performance requirements. The hardware recommendations for the individual user roles is the main purpose of this work

The theme of this thesis is one of the latest trends in IT -- Green IT. For companies implementation of green IT means not only acknowledging its responsibility towards society and environment, but also substantial financial benefits and improved public perception of their business. There are several motivations for companies to go green. Green IT initiatives are increasingly supported by the legislation and various standards. Different procedures and approaches to help companies in their transformation are developing as well. The objectives of this thesis include the identification of key players, the benefits and barriers to green IT, and new opportunities. The aim of this thesis is to bring a comprehensive view of the green IT trend and provide enough quality information to obtain an overall view of the green IT trend and a possible basis for deeper interest in the subject. Another objective is to analyze the frameworks used for the implementation of green IT initiatives in organizations. The achievement is approached through research and analysis, and information available in the literature, published reports and websites dealing with green IT were used. Thesis contribution lies particularly in analysis of green IT frameworks, within which there was evaluated their interests in terms of green IT waves, green IT objectives, their use in the process of implementation green IT solutions, their locus and other attributes.

This thesis deals with the issue of sustainable development and its relation to information and communicaton technologies in the business background. The whole concept is called Green ICT. The main aim of the thesis is to provide an insight into the legislative and contentual aspects of Green ICT and its relation to business informatics, suggesting several practices for use in small business. The first part defines all important legislative aspects and summarizes the view of Green ICT according to several authors and describes and compares the certificates of physical ICT. Next part is aimed to business environment and deals with the most frequently occuring barriers and motivation factors. The small and medium business is specified and the requirements of managing and monitoring the impact on the envirnoment is analyzed. Next part of the thesis analyzes defined areas of potential implementation of Green ICT and creates relevant practices to improve the power consumption and the impact on the environment, on the basis of available case studies and research findings For every practice, its potential technical solution, effects and risks are considered. These practices are then analyzed and appraised in terms of MMDIS methodics. The added value of the thesis is comprehensive description and analysis of individual practices of Green ICT from different points of view and analysis and comparison of available certifications of ICT devices.

Cloud Computing presents a novel way for businesses to procure their IT needs. Its elasticity and on-demand provisioning enables a shift from capital expenditures to operating expenses, giving businesses the technological agility they need to respond to an ever-changing marketplace. The rapid adoption of Cloud Computing, however, poses a unique challenge to Cloud providers—their already very large electricity bill and carbon footprint will get larger as they expand; managing both costs is therefore essential to their growth. This thesis squarely addresses the above challenge. Recognizing the presence of Cloud data centers in multiple locations and the differences in electricity price and emission intensity among these locations and over time, we develop an optimization framework that couples workload distribution with time-varying signals on electricity price and emission intensity for financial and environmental benefits. The framework is comprised of an optimization model, an aggregate cost function, and 6 scheduling heuristics. To evaluate cost savings, we run simulations with 5 data centers located across North America over a period of 81 days. We use historical data on electricity price, emission intensity, and workload collected from market operators and research data archives. We find that our framework can produce substantial cost savings, especially when workloads are distributed both geographically and temporally—up to 53.35% on electricity cost, or 29.13% on carbon cost, or 51.44% on electricity cost and 13.14% on carbon cost simultaneously.

L'utilisation massive des services connectés dans les entreprises et les foyers a conduit à un développement majeur des "Ciouds" ou informatique en nuage. Les Clouds s'imposent maintenant comme un modèle économique attractif où le client paye pour utiliser des ressources ou des services à la demande sans avoir à se préoccuper de la maintenance ou du coût réel de l'infrastructure. Ce développement rencontre cependant un obstacle majeur du point de vue des fournisseurs de ce type d'architecture : la consommation électrique des moteurs du cloud, les "datacenters" ou centre de données.Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'efficacité énergétique des Clouds en proposant un framework d'ordonnancement extensible et multi-critères dans le but d'augmenter le rendement d'une infrastructure hétérogène d'un point de vue énergétique. Nous proposons une approche basée sur un curseur capable d'aggréger les préférences de l'opérateur et du client pour la création de politiques d'ordonnancement. L'enjeu est de dimensionner au plus juste le nombre de serveurs et composants actifs tout en respectant les contraintes d'exploitation, et ainsi réduire les impacts environnementaux liés à une consommation superflue.Ces travaux ont été validés de façon expérimentale sur la plateforme Grid'SOOO par leur intégration au sein de l'intergiciel DIET et font l'objet d'un transfert industriel au sein de la plateforme NUVEA que nous proposons. Cette plate-forme fournit un accompagnement pour l'opérateur et l'utilisateur allant de l'audit à l'optimisation des infrastructures. / Modern society relies heavily on the use of computational resources. Over the last decades, the number of connected users and deviees has dramatically increased, leading to the consideration of decentralized on-demand computing as a utility, commonly named "The Cloud". Numerous fields of application such as High Performance Computing (HPC). medical research, movie rendering , industrial facto ry processes or smart city management , benefit from recent advances of on-demand computation .The maturity of Cloud technologies led to a democratization and to an explosion of connected services for companies, researchers, techies and even mere mortals, using those resources in a pay-per-use fashion.ln particular, since the Cloud Computing paradigm has since been adopted in companies . A significant reason is that the hardware running the cloud andprocessing the data does not reside at a company physical site, which means thatthe company does not have to build computer rooms (known as CAPEX, CAPitalEXpenditures) or buy equipment, nor to fill and mainta in that equipment over a normal life-cycle (known as OPEX, Operational EXpenditures).This thesis revolves around the energy efficiency of Cloud platforms by proposing an extensible and multi-criteria framework, which intends to improve the efficiency of an heterogeneous platform from an energy consumption perspective. We propose an approach based on user involvement using the notion of a cursor offering the ability to aggregate cloud operator and end user preferences to establish scheduling policies . The objective is the right sizing of active servers and computing equipments while considering exploitation constraints, thus reducing the environmental impactassociated to energy wastage.This research work has been validated on experiments and simulations on the Grid'SOOO platform, the biggest shared network in Europe dedicated to research.lt has been integrated to the DIET middleware, and a industrial valorisation has beendone in the NUVEA commercial platform, designed during this thesis . This platform constitutes an audit and optimization tool of large scale infrastructures for operatorsand end users

The thesis is dealing with the concept of Green IT (reffered to, in some of the documents, as the Green ICT) and its relation to the MMDIS methodology. The term Green IT appears in connection to the sustainable development of information systems of organizations and companies. The thesis is dealing with the concept of Green IT (reffered to, in some of the documents, as the Green ICT) and its relation to the MMDIS methodology. The term Green IT appears in connection to the sustainable development of information systems of organizations and companies. The thesis introduction explains this concept, and then describes its historical development, status, metrics, and legislation related to it. Further, the reader is made familiar with the enterprise/company/notsure information systems and their architecture, efficiency and benefits they have for the companies. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the issue of MMDIS, and briefly introduces it to the readers. The next part of the thesis then compares selected countries, Europe, UK and China, in terms of their legislation concerning the environment and Green IT. At the end of this chapter there is a comparison of these countries through the use of the so-called green metrics. The the second to last part of the thesis is then devoted to recherche of different frameworks for the implementation of Green IT into the company, from their analysis I then formulate steps that should help businesses with the implementation of Green IT. The last part assesses the continuity of Green IT on the MMDIS methodology, both in terms of the dimensions, and also in terms of the stages of the application lifecycle.