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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004. / Thesis advisor(s): Roland W. Garwood. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-73). Also available online.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / During the month of July 1987 an acoustical experiment was conducted by the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in the East Greenland Sea Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) . Ambient noise "hot spots" or concentrated areas of relatively high noise levels were found along the ice edge using a towed array. Ambient noise levels were obtained on 27 and 28 July using AN/SSQ-57A and AN/SSQ-57XN5 calibrated sonobuoys . The temperature structure of the area was determined using XBT (ship) and AXBT (P3C aircraft) buoys placed inside and outside the ice edge. The ice edge was determined from coincident satellite photos, 90 GHz microwave imagery and P3 radar ice edge maps. Weather data (sea state and wind speed and direction) were recorded on the ship. The data seem to indicate a correlation between the high ambient noise levels of the hot spots and the presence of a large topographically controlled mesoscale eddy located at the southeastern extent of the MIZ. / http://archive.org/details/spatialvariabili00bigg / Lieutenant, United States Navy

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / Variability of the MABL and its effect on the electromagnetic (EM) refractive structure around the Greenland Sea marginal ice zone were examined. Rawinsonde profiles and surface observations collected from 3 ships during MIZEX-87(20 March-11 April) served as the data set. A program, developed to calculate the refractivity at each vertical level of the rawinsonde profiles, also identified the levels at which trapping, superrefraction and subrefraction occurred. Temporal studies showed that a higher incidence of anomalous refractive layers occurred during periods when the region was under the influence of high pressure. More than 50% of the time, trapping and super-refractive layers were attributed to development of a capping inversion just above the MABL during these periods. Spatial studies showed that the refractive structure varied relative to distance from the ice edge as did the depth of the MABL. An upward slope in refractive layer heights was observed from the ice toward the open water. Significant spatial inhomogeneity was observed over horizontal ranges of less than 100 km. This was attributed to both the large-scale synoptic forcing affecting the region and to variations in the surface fluxes of heat and moisture over the ice and over the water. A range-dependent ray trace model developed at the Naval Ocean Systems Center was used to show how the ray paths of EM waves vary with a changing refractive structures. Keywords: Air water interactions, Greenland Sea, Atmospheric refraction, Electromagnetic wave propagation, Heat flux, Sea ice. Theses. (EDC) / http://archive.org/details/temporalspatialv00grot / Lieutenant, United States Navy

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