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Orientador: Elson Paiva de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T17:16:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DonattiFilho_JosePaulo_M.pdf: 3208335 bytes, checksum: 9cc1b1de3c939ba63d65e7dde4caea9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O Greenstone Belt Paleoproterozóico do Rio Itapicuru, nordeste do Cráton do São Francisco, está inserido integralmente no Bloco Serrinha e possui um domínio vulcânico máfico com um contexto geodinâmico de formação em debate, se arco, bacia de retro-arco ou rifte intracontinental. Dados geoquímicos dos basaltos deste domínio foram obtidos com o intuito de reavaliar a geoquímica e o contexto tectônico de formação dessas rochas com base principalmente na geoquímica de elementos-traço de elevado poder interpretativo (e.g. Low Field Strenght Element (LFSE), High Field Strenght Element (HFSE), e Rare Earth Element (REE)). Este domínio é composto de lavas almofadadas, basaltos variolíticos, basaltos maciços e porfiríticos, bem expostos no curso médio do Rio Itapicuru. A paragênese metamórfica indica condições variando de fácies xisto verde a fácies anfibolito. O domínio é composto basicamente por basaltos Fe-toleíticos subalcalinos, que são divididos geoquimicamente em dois grupos: ThI ¿ enriquecidos em Ti-P e elementos-traço incompatíveis, e outro, representado pelos toleiítos tipo II (ThII) que exibem baixas concentrações nesses elementos. Os ThII são mais primitivos geoquimicamente, exibindo valores relativamente mais elevados em Mg, Ni e Cr. Espacialmente os dois grupos distribuem-se em dois domínio distintos, um a leste (ThI), e outro a oeste (ThII). O enriquecimento seletivo e a alta mobilidade de alguns elementos litófilos (e.g. Rb, Ba, Na, Cs) indicam que os basaltos passaram por processos de metassomatismo em ambiente oceânico. A lacuna composicional entre elementos incompatíveis dos dois grupos (e.g. P, Ti, Zr, Th, Nb) indica que a petrogênese não pode ser explicada por cristalização fracionada isoladamente. Provavelmente, diferentes estágios de fusão parcial seguido de cristalização fracionada foram suficientes para gerar líquidos basálticos distintos. A modelagem geoquímica sugere taxas de fusão variando entre 10-25% de uma mesma fonte sublitosférica (LaN/NbN =1) sem a presença de granada (LaN/LuN ~1). A composição sugerida da fonte mantélica dos basaltos foi um lherzolito ou plagioclásio lherzolito, que passou por um primeiro estágio de fusão (10-15%) dando origem aos ThI, e sucessivamente um segundo estágio de fusão (15-25%) que gerou os ThII. A presença de uma nítida anomalia negativa de Nb e a semelhança geoquímica com basaltos continentais (e.g. Paraná e Deccan), indicam uma significante assinatura crustal. Os resultados geoquímicos de elementos-traço sugerem para os basaltos do Greenstone Belt do Rio Itapicuru uma semelhança petrotectônica com basaltos transicionais (T-MORB) de ambiente continental a oceânico, similar nos dias de hoje com a margem continental Atlântica / Abstract: The Paleoproterozoic Rio Itapicuru Greenstone Belt, situated in the Serrinha Block - northeast São Francisco Craton, has a sequence of basaltic rocks whose tectonic setting is under discussion, i.e whether a back arc setting or intracontinental rift. The basalt geochemistry was revisited on the basis of incompatible trace elements data, such as high field strength elements (HFSE), low field strength element (LFSE) and the rare earth elements (REE). The basalts are well exposed along the Itapicuru River where the study is concentrated. They are composed of massive and pillowed flows with occasional variolitic to porphyritic structures; they show metamorphic paragenesis indicative of greenschist to amphibolite facies. The basalts are essentially Fe-rich tholeiites that can be separated into two groups: ThI ¿ with high abundances of Ti-P and other trace elements, and ThII ¿ with low abundances of Ti-P and other trace elements. The ThII group is geochemically more primitive than ThI and is relatively enriched in compatible elements (e.g. Mg, Ni e Cr) and show higher mg-number. The two basalt groups crop out in geographically distinct areas: ThI dominates in the eastern part of the basalts exposure area, whereas ThII is restricted to the western part of it. Selective enrichment in some large ion lithophile elements (LILE), such as Rb, Ba, Na and Cs indicates that the basalts were affected significantly by postmagmatic processes (low-grade metamorphism and ocean water interaction). The large variation of some trace element ratios (e.g. Ti, P, Zr, Nb, Th), indicate that the two basalt groups cannot be linked by fractional crystallization of a single parental magma. Instead, the two groups are likely to have derived from liquids resulting from different degrees of partial melting from a similar mantle source, followed by shallow level fractional crystallization. Geochemical modelling suggests melt rates around 10-25% of the same lithospheric mantle source (LaN/NbN = 1), with no garnet in the residue (LaN/LuN ~ 1). The suggested source is a lherzolite or plagioclase lherzolite that experienced a first stage of partial melting (10-15%) to give the ThI, and later the ThII group by higher partial melting rates (15-25%). The negative Nb anomaly on mantle-normalised multi-element diagrams and the geochemical similarities with continental flood basalts (e.g. Paraná and Deccan) indicate a significant crustal signature. The combined mode of field occurrence and the trace-element data indicate petrotectonic similarities with transitional-type basalts, thus rendering support to a tectonic setting transitional between continent and ocean, probably similar to the present-day Atlantic continental margin / Mestrado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Mestre em Geociências

What tectonic processes were operating in the Archean, and whether they were similar to the “modern-style” plate tectonics seen operating today, is a fundamental question about Archean geology. The Superior Province is the largest piece of preserved Archean crust on Earth. As such it provides an excellent opportunity to study Archean tectonic processes. Much work has been completed in the southern part of the Superior Province. A well-documented series of discrete, southward younging orogenies related to a series of northward dipping subduction zones, has been proposed for amalgamating this part of the Superior Province. The tectonic evolution in the northwestern Superior Province is much less constrained, and it is unclear if it is related to the series of subduction zones in the southern part of the Superior Province, or if it is related to an entirely different process. Such ideas need to be tested in order to develop a concise model for the Meso – and Neoarchean tectonic evolution of the northwestern Superior Province. To this end, a field mapping, U-Pb geochronology, Nd isotope, and lithogeochemistry study was undertaken in the Island Lake greenstone belt. This granite-greenstone belt is part of the northern margin of the North Caribou terrane, a larger reworked Mesoarchean crustal block located in the northwestern Superior Province. U-Pb TIMS zircon geochronology data shows that the Island Lake greenstone belt experienced a long and complex geological history that included the deposition of three distinct volcanic assemblages at ca. 2897 Ma, 2852 Ma, and 2744 Ma, as well as a younger clastic sedimentary group, the Island Lake group. All of these volcanic assemblages include felsic and mafic volcanic rocks, as well as a suite of contemporaneous plutonic rocks. The U-Pb data set shows that the Savage Island shear zone, a regional fault structure that transects the Island Lake greenstone belt, is not a terrane-bounding feature as correlative supracrustal assemblages are observed on both sides of it. The Nd isotope data shows that the volcanic assemblages and contemporaneous plutons have been variably contaminated by an older ca. 3.0 Ga crustal source. The mafic volcanic rocks in the assemblages have two distinct geochemical signatures, and show a pattern of decreasing crustal contamination with decreasing age. Together these data suggests that the Meso – and Neoarchean volcanic assemblages are part of an intact primary volcanic stratigraphy that were built on the same ca. 3.0 Ga basement and have autochthonous relationships with each other. This basement is the North Caribou terrane. The youngest sedimentary group in the belt, the Island Lake group, was deposited between 2712 Ma and 2699 Ma. It consists of “Timiskaming-type” sedimentary rocks, and is the youngest clastic sedimentary package in the belt. A detailed study of detrital zircons in units from the stratigraphic bottom to the top of the sedimentary group indicates an age pattern of detrital zircons that is most consistent with a scenario in which sediments were deposited in inter-diapiric basins created by diapirism and sagduction (i.e., vertical tectonic) processes. During the diapiric ascent of the felsic material, inter-diapiric basins were formed in the synclines between adjacent domes, into which sediments were deposited. U-Pb zircon TIMS geochronology identified two ages of deformation in the Island Lake greenstone belt. Two dykes that crosscut an older, D1 foliation place a minimum age of ca. 2723 Ma on the D1 deformation, and two syn-kinematic dykes date movement along two transpressional shear zones to 2700 Ma. Together all these data indicate that the tectonic evolution in the Island Lake greenstone belt and in the northwestern Superior Province took place in three main stages. The first two stages involved the generation of Meso – and Neoarchean volcanic assemblages and contemporaneous plutonic rocks due to southward dipping subduction under the North Caribou micro-continent. The third stage involved the deposition of late “Timiskaming-type” sediments during vertical tectonic processes in conjunction with horizontal tectonic movement along late transpressional shear zones at ca. 2.70 Ga. At the end of this process the North Superior superterrane was terminally docked to the North Caribou terrane along the North Kenyon fault. This study shows that while a version of horizontal or “modern” style plate tectonics were operating in the Archean, vertical tectonic processes were also occurring and that these processes operated synchronously in the Neoarchean.

What tectonic processes were operating in the Archean, and whether they were similar to the “modern-style” plate tectonics seen operating today, is a fundamental question about Archean geology. The Superior Province is the largest piece of preserved Archean crust on Earth. As such it provides an excellent opportunity to study Archean tectonic processes. Much work has been completed in the southern part of the Superior Province. A well-documented series of discrete, southward younging orogenies related to a series of northward dipping subduction zones, has been proposed for amalgamating this part of the Superior Province. The tectonic evolution in the northwestern Superior Province is much less constrained, and it is unclear if it is related to the series of subduction zones in the southern part of the Superior Province, or if it is related to an entirely different process. Such ideas need to be tested in order to develop a concise model for the Meso – and Neoarchean tectonic evolution of the northwestern Superior Province. To this end, a field mapping, U-Pb geochronology, Nd isotope, and lithogeochemistry study was undertaken in the Island Lake greenstone belt. This granite-greenstone belt is part of the northern margin of the North Caribou terrane, a larger reworked Mesoarchean crustal block located in the northwestern Superior Province. U-Pb TIMS zircon geochronology data shows that the Island Lake greenstone belt experienced a long and complex geological history that included the deposition of three distinct volcanic assemblages at ca. 2897 Ma, 2852 Ma, and 2744 Ma, as well as a younger clastic sedimentary group, the Island Lake group. All of these volcanic assemblages include felsic and mafic volcanic rocks, as well as a suite of contemporaneous plutonic rocks. The U-Pb data set shows that the Savage Island shear zone, a regional fault structure that transects the Island Lake greenstone belt, is not a terrane-bounding feature as correlative supracrustal assemblages are observed on both sides of it. The Nd isotope data shows that the volcanic assemblages and contemporaneous plutons have been variably contaminated by an older ca. 3.0 Ga crustal source. The mafic volcanic rocks in the assemblages have two distinct geochemical signatures, and show a pattern of decreasing crustal contamination with decreasing age. Together these data suggests that the Meso – and Neoarchean volcanic assemblages are part of an intact primary volcanic stratigraphy that were built on the same ca. 3.0 Ga basement and have autochthonous relationships with each other. This basement is the North Caribou terrane. The youngest sedimentary group in the belt, the Island Lake group, was deposited between 2712 Ma and 2699 Ma. It consists of “Timiskaming-type” sedimentary rocks, and is the youngest clastic sedimentary package in the belt. A detailed study of detrital zircons in units from the stratigraphic bottom to the top of the sedimentary group indicates an age pattern of detrital zircons that is most consistent with a scenario in which sediments were deposited in inter-diapiric basins created by diapirism and sagduction (i.e., vertical tectonic) processes. During the diapiric ascent of the felsic material, inter-diapiric basins were formed in the synclines between adjacent domes, into which sediments were deposited. U-Pb zircon TIMS geochronology identified two ages of deformation in the Island Lake greenstone belt. Two dykes that crosscut an older, D1 foliation place a minimum age of ca. 2723 Ma on the D1 deformation, and two syn-kinematic dykes date movement along two transpressional shear zones to 2700 Ma. Together all these data indicate that the tectonic evolution in the Island Lake greenstone belt and in the northwestern Superior Province took place in three main stages. The first two stages involved the generation of Meso – and Neoarchean volcanic assemblages and contemporaneous plutonic rocks due to southward dipping subduction under the North Caribou micro-continent. The third stage involved the deposition of late “Timiskaming-type” sediments during vertical tectonic processes in conjunction with horizontal tectonic movement along late transpressional shear zones at ca. 2.70 Ga. At the end of this process the North Superior superterrane was terminally docked to the North Caribou terrane along the North Kenyon fault. This study shows that while a version of horizontal or “modern” style plate tectonics were operating in the Archean, vertical tectonic processes were also occurring and that these processes operated synchronously in the Neoarchean.

Submitted by Everaldo Pereira (pereira.evera@gmail.com) on 2017-02-19T21:13:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Andre_Luis_Santos.pdf: 10542532 bytes, checksum: 392e6cfaed5318d19eb1f54fa34fc56c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-19T21:13:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Andre_Luis_Santos.pdf: 10542532 bytes, checksum: 392e6cfaed5318d19eb1f54fa34fc56c (MD5) / O Greenstone Belt de Umburanas (GBU), de idade arqueana, está localizado na porção centro-oeste do Estado da Bahia. Encontra-se inserido no segmento crustal do Bloco Gavião (BG), no Cráton do São Francisco. O GBU é formado por três unidades litoestratigráficas principais que encerram três ciclos vulcânicos: (i) Unidade Inferior, contendo, na base, rochas vulcânicas metaultramáficas komatiíticas, acompanhadas de meta-basaltos toleiíticos e metadacitos compondo o primeiro ciclo vulcânico, seguidas por quartzitos com leitos meta-conglomeráticos, meta-sedimentos químico-pelíticos (BIF’s, cherts, metacarbonatos e rochas calcissilicáticas) e pulsos discretos de meta-vulcânicas félsicas, atribuídas ao segundo ciclo vulcânico; (ii) Unidade Média, dominada por rochas meta-vulcânicas félsicas do terceiro ciclo vulcânico, com intercalações subordinadas de seus equivalentes piroclásticos, epiclásticos e de derrames máficos e; (iii) Unidade Superior, constituída essencialmente de meta-carbonatos. As rochas meta-komatííticas da Unidade Inferior do GBU, objeto deste estudo, apresentam-se como faixas tectonicamente interrompidas, seguindo os contatos com o embasamento e com os maciços graníticos de Umburanas e Serra do Eixo. Apresentam coloração variando de cinza a cinza esverdeado, granulação fina e uma foliação incipiente. As principais ocorrências dessas rochas estão situadas na Folha cartográfica de Brumado, próximo a estrada de ferro, nas imediações da Serra do Sucuiu e na Folha cartográfica de Tanhaçu, na Serra do Eixo, mais precisamente nas imediações da Fazenda Eixo da Serra. Estudos petrográficos realizados nas rochas meta-komatiíticas revelaram a presença de texturas do tipo cumulática, maciça e spinifex. As rochas foram submetidas a variados graus de serpentinização apresentando uma mineralogia primária constituída por olivina e piroxênio e a secundária composta por serpentina, talco, tremolita e antofilita, e proporções menores de clorita. Apesar dos variados graus de serpentinização, diagramas de mobilidade mostraram pouca mobilização dos elementos químicos. As rochas meta-komatiíticas foram classificadas como peridotitos komatiíticos. Possuem, em média, altos teores de MgO (~33%), Cr (4067 ppm) e Ni (1488 ppm) e baixos conteúdos de álcalis (~0,05%). As razões CaO/Al2O3 e Al2O3/TiO2 caracterizaram as rochas meta-komatiíticas em komatiítos não depletados em Al. Em geral, todos os grupos de meta-komatiítos (cumulato, spinifex e maciço) mostram em maior ou menor proporção enriquecimento em elementos traço altamente incompatíveis (Th, LREE) em relação a uma abundância moderada de elementos incompatíveis litófilos e possuem anomalias negativas de Nb e Sr. Utilizando a temperatura do líquido calculada através da relação T (oC) = 20xMgO+1000 a temperatura dos meta-komatiítos do GBU varia entre 1572° a 1711°C. Os meta-komatiítos da Unidade Inferior do GBU foram derivados provavelmente de plumas rasas dentro de um manto empobrecido, gerando fusão em profundidades menores do que 200 km, pois estas rochas mostram padrões de elementos terras raras pesados plano a quase plano, juntamente com enriquecimento em elementos terras raras leves e elementos incompatíveis, e fracionamento de Nb e Sr. Adicionalmente, anomalias negativas de Nb e Sr e positivas de Th observadas nos pontos apresentados para rochas do Bloco Gavião (BG), provável embasamento do GBU, indica que as rochas gnáissicas-migmatíticas do BG poderiam ser o provável contaminante das rochas meta-komatiíticas do GBU. Recomenda-se a realização de dados isotópicos Sr-Nd para confirmação ou não desta hipótese. / ABSTRACT - Umburanas Greenstone Belt (GBU) of Archean age, is located in the central-western portion of Bahia state. It is inserted into Gavião Block the crustal segment, in the São Francisco Craton. The GBU consists of three main lithostratigraphic units that contain three volcanic cycles: (i) Lower Unit, in the base, containing meta-komatiites rocks, accompanied by tholeitic meta-basalt rocks and meta-dacitic rocks composing the first volcanic cycle, followed by quartzites with meta-conglomerates, chemical-pelitic meta-sediments (BIF's, cherts, meta-carbonates and calcissilicatic rocks) and discrete pulses of felsic meta-volcanic, assigned to the second cycle volcanic, (ii) Unit Average, dominated by felsic meta-volcanic rocks of the third cycle, with subordinate intercalations of pyroclastic equivalents, epiclastics and mafic flows and (iii) Higher Unit, consisting essentially of meta-carbonates. The meta-komatiites rocks of the Lower Unit of GBU, object of this study, are presented as ranges disrupted tectonically, following contacts with the gnaissic-migmatitic basement and Umburanas and Serra do Eixo granite massifs. These meta-komatiite rocks show gray to greenish gray color, fine grained and incipient foliation. The main occurrences of these rocks are located in Brumado cartographic Sheet, near the railroad, near the Serra do Sucuiu and Tanhaçu cartographic Sheet, in the Serra do Eixo, more precisely near of the Eixo da Serra Ranch. Petrographic studies carried out in meta-komatiite rocks revealed the presence of three types of textures: cumulate, massive and spinifex. These rocks show variable degrees of serpentinization process with a primary mineralogical association consisting of olivine and pyroxene and a secondary mineralogy of talc, anthophyllite, tremolite and chlorite in smaller proportions. Although of variable degrees of serpentinization, the diagrams show little mobility dispersion of chemical elements. viii The meta-komatiite rocks were classified as komatiitic peridotites. They have, on average, high amounts of MgO (~ 33%), Cr (4067 ppm) and Ni (1488 ppm) and low content in alkalis (~ 0.05%). The CaO/Al2O3 and Al2O3/TiO2 ratios characterized the meta-komatiite rocks in aluminium undepleted komatiites. In general, all groups of meta-komatiites (cumulato, spinifex and massive) show a greater or lesser extent enrichment in highly incompatible trace elements (Th, LREE) for a moderate abundance in litophile incompatible elements and they have negative anomalies of Nb and Sr. Using the liquid temperature calculated by the relationship T (°C) = 20x1000+MgO the temperature of the metakomatiite rocks of GBU varies between 1572 ° to 1711 °C. The meta-komatiites of Lower Unit of GBU were derivated probably doof the shallow depleted mantle, causing melting at depths less than 200 km, because these rocks show patterns of heavy rare earth elements plan to almost flat, with LREE and incompatible elements enrichment, and fractionation of Nb and Sr. In addition, negative anomalies of Nb and positive Th observed in the gneissic-migmatitic rocks of Gavião Block, probable basement of the GBU, indicates that the gneissic-migmatitic rocks could be the likely contaminant of the rocks of the meta-komatiites. It is recommended that to be made Sr-Nd isotopic analyzes to confirm this hypothesis or not.

Orientador: Hans Dirk Ebert / Banca: Sebastião Gomes de Carvalho / Banca: Fábio Soares Magalhães / Possui 22 gráficos anexos - MSF seção vertical / Resumo: A Jazida Fortaleza de Minas de níquel, cobre e cobalto localiza-se cerca de 6 km a sudoeste da cidade de Fortaleza de Minas (MG). Ela está inserida na Seqüência Morro do Niquel, do Greenstone Belt Morro do Ferro, na Faixa Fortaleza de Minas, ocorrendo no Cinturão de Cisalhamento Campo do Meio e apresentando os seguintes litotipos: Anfibólio Xistos, Serpentinitos, Formação Ferrífera Bandada e Talco Xistos. A mina é constituída por um corpo de sulfeto maciço explorado em uma cava de 1600 m de comprimento e 300 m de largura, atingindo a cota 940 no fundo do open pit e possuindo galerias nos subníveis 920, 919, 900, 870, 851, 833, 817, 801, 781 e 761. O corpo do minério ocorre em uma zona de cisalhamento transtensiva, sinistral (Santos 1996), onde o amendoamento dos corpos provoca uma variação na direção e no mergulho da foliação. Realizou-se uma análise dos elementos estruturais observados em superfície e subsuperfície, uma análise de strain e produziu-se um modelo tridimensional do corpo do minério. Os dados estruturais levantados em todos os subníveis, divididos em norte e sul, e excluindo-se os subníveis 900 e 761., mostraram que a foliação mantém o mesmo padrão em profundidade, isto é, elevado mergulho para SW com máximos em torno de 221/78 e padrão amendoado. Os dados de lineação mineral e de estiramento obtidos mostram que a lineação não é direcional, mas concentrada nos máximos de 137/54 e subordinadamente 326/49, isto é, com plunge respectivamente para SE e NW. A direção principal corresponde ao eixo X do elipsóide de deformação, e a segundária ao eixo Y, que também é de estiramento (Y>1), como revelado pela análise da deformação em quatro amostras de minério, que mostrou elipsóides de deformação finita oblatos, isto é, no campo do achatamento geral. Estes dados indicam uma movimentação oblíqua, sinistral, normal para a zona de cisalhamento na qual insere-se a jazida. / Abstract: The nickel, copper and cobalt Fortaleza of Mines ore deposit is located about six km southwest of Fortaleza of Mines town, Minas Gerais. The mine is constituted of a body of solid sulfites which is explored in a digging of 1600 m of length and 300 m of width along the galleries of level 920, 919, 900, 870, 851, 833, 817, 801, 781 and 761. The mine levels are physically divided in northem and the southern sector by a small gallery, which is originated in the access ramp to the underground. The structural analysis of surface and underground data, strain analysis and a three-dimensional geometric model of the ore deposit confirmed its setting along a ductile sinistral transtensive shear zone, as previously mentioned in Santos (1996). Lenticular ore bodies and anastoming pattern provokes variation in the strike and dip of the foliation around a maximum of 221/78. Stretching and mineral lineations plunge preferentially to SW (maximum around 137/54) and secondarily to NW (326/49), which indicates the strong oblique character of the sinistral shear zone. The strain analysius of four deformed ore samples revealed finite strain ellipsoids of strong oblate shape and deformation in the flattening field, where the X axes is parallel to the main direction of the stretching lineations and Y, also of stretching (Y>1), is parallel to the secondary direction of the lineations. / Mestre

M.Sc. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The potentially hazardous nature of open pit mining requires the application of sound geotechnical engineering practice to mine design, for the purpose of permitting safe and economic mining of any commodity within any rock mass. The Lerala Diamond Project is situated in the south west of Botswana near the Martin’s Drift Border Post. A 2m-soil cover made surface mapping of geological features impossible, so a number of geotechnical holes were drilled to evaluate the characteristics of the kimberlite pipes and the Granite/gneiss host rock. The Lerala Diamond Project is a typical example of the geotechnical assessment of a kimberlite pipe in Greenstone belt granites. The explosive nature of the formation of these pipes was seen in the various types of joint and fracture pattern identified during this study that could have an influence on the stability of the open pit. Estimating the stability of rock slopes is required by the mining engineering industry for a wide variety of projects. Of importance in this regard is the preliminary evaluation of slope stability at the feasibility stage, excavation stage, and operating stage. The Lerala Diamond Project is currently undertaking a preliminary evaluation as part of a feasibility study. The aim of the geotechnical assessment was to divide the local rock into easily identifiable types that could be geotechnically evaluated. Two classification systems were used during the quantification of the rock mass types. These are the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system of Bieniawski (1976) and the Mining Rock Mass Rating (MRMR) system of Laubscher (1990). Observations and recordings of the drill core were carried out and these, in conjunction with laboratory results, enabled the determining of the characteristics of the rock mass that will be exposed in the slopes. Computer modelling programmes such as ROCKPAK III were used to test the designs against potential failures. The various potential failures were identified for the different highwalls. Recommendations including the continuous logging of geotechnical features were proposed for the purpose of developing a sound geotechnical model for identifying potential unstable areas within the pit. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Mining Engineering / unrestricted

Orientador: Luiz Sérgio Amarante Simões / Resumo: O Terreno Arqueano Paleoproterozoico de Goiás é um fragmento de crosta que contém complexos TTG arqueanos e sequências greenstone belt. A área de estudo está inserida na região sul desse terreno e abrange a porção sudeste do Greenstone belt de Faina (GBF), onde ocorre o depósito aurífero Sertão, a porção norte do Greenstone belt Serra de Santa Rita (GBSSR), e parte dos complexos TTG Uvá e Caiçara. Esses dois greenstone belts são separados pela Falha direcional de Faina com direção N50E e movimentação destral. No GBF, foram identificadas rochas de duas sequências metassedimentares, uma denominada de Inferior e outra de Superior, que apresentam contato tectônico. A Sequência Inferior é constituída de camadas de quartzito, xisto, formação ferrífera bandada e mármore. A Sequência Superior apresenta espesso pacote de clorita-muscovita-quartzo xisto com algumas intercalações de formação ferrífera e quartzito que para o topo grada para uma sequência química com mármore e mármore impuro sobreposta por quartzito. No GBSSR, identificou-se uma Sequência Metavulcânica Ultramáfica sotoposta a uma Sequência Metassedimentar, esta última constituída por xistos muscovíticos e carbonosos, quartzitos, formação ferrífera e metachert. O mapeamento geológico permitiu avanços na definição da estratigrafia da área, como a identificação de rochas da Sequência Metassedimentar Inferior nas porções sudeste e sudoeste do GBF, caracterizando-se que é esta a unidade que hospeda o depósito aurífero Sertão, ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Archean-Paleoproterozoic Terrane of Goiás is a crust block consisting of Archean TTG Complexes and greenstone belt sequences. The study area is in the southern region of this terrane comprising the southeastern portion of the Faina Greenstone Belt (FGB), where Sertão gold deposit is located, the northern portion of the Serra de Santa Rita Greenstone Belt (SSRGB), and small portions of Caiçara and Uvá TTG complexes. These two greenstone belts are separated by a strike-slip fault, known as Faina Fault, that strikes N50E showing dextral movement. Rocks of two distinct sedimentary cycles separated by a tectonic contact were identified in the FGB, denominated Lower and Upper Metasedimentary Sequences. The Lower Sequence shows quartzite, schist, banded iron formation and marble. The Upper Sequence shows, at the base, a thick package of chlorite-muscovite-quartz schist, with quartzite and BIF intercalations that grades to a sequence of marble and impure marble overlaid by quartzite. In the SSRGB, a Meta-ultramafic Volcanic sequence and a Metasedimentary Sequence were mapped. The last one comprises muscovitic and carbonaceous schists, quartzite, banded iron formation and metachert. The geological mapping provided advances in the definition of the stratigraphy of the area, such as the identification of rocks belonging to the Lower Metasedimentary Sequence in the southeastern and southwestern portion of the FGB, revealing that the Sertão gold deposit is hosted by this unit, and the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by José Antonio Cirillo de Assis null (jcirillo.assis@gmail.com) on 2016-05-05T20:30:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertaçãodeMestrado_JoséAntonioCirilloAssis.pdf: 5445876 bytes, checksum: cffaacc2000b5bdb88bfc9bbd7071d13 (MD5) / Rejected by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: O arquivo submetido está sem a ficha catalográfica. A versão submetida por você é considerada a versão final da dissertação/tese, portanto não poderá ocorrer qualquer alteração em seu conteúdo após a aprovação. Corrija esta informação e realize uma nova submissão contendo o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2016-05-09T14:15:22Z (GMT) / Submitted by José Antonio Cirillo de Assis null (jcirillo.assis@gmail.com) on 2016-05-10T11:56:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertaçãodeMestrado_JoséAntonioCirilloAssis.pdf: 5492695 bytes, checksum: 098f2796a7e2e2a2b876f0e44a85c57b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-13T11:44:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 assis_jac_me_rcla.pdf: 5492695 bytes, checksum: 098f2796a7e2e2a2b876f0e44a85c57b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-13T11:44:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 assis_jac_me_rcla.pdf: 5492695 bytes, checksum: 098f2796a7e2e2a2b876f0e44a85c57b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-28 / A análise e identificação do controle estrutural de um depósito de ouro é de grande importância para o estudo e pesquisa da mineralização aurífera, permitindo guiar e otimizar a prospecção e exploração de determinada ocorrência. O objetivo do presente trabalho é definir o empilhamento tectonoestratigráfico e a estruturação do depósito de ouro de C1-Santaluz, bem como seu controle estrutural. Como faz parte de um Greenstone Belt, em uma área de significativa atividade tectônica, esta ocorrência apresenta complexo arcabouço estrutural, havendo a necessidade de compreender melhor as estruturas que influenciam na geometria dos corpos mineralizados. As rochas da área de estudo foram mapeadas na escala 1:750 e foram estudadas através de descrições macroscópicas, microscópicas além de análises em microscópio eletrônico de varredura e análises de difração de raios-x. As unidades encontradas foram subdivididas em dois grandes domínios, sendo da base ao topo, Sequência Vulcânica e Sequência Metassedimentar, compostas por metadacitos e metadacitos brechados, e clorita sericita quartzo xisto, metassedimento carbonoso, brecha carbonosa, respectivamente. Também foi mapeado um corpo de metadiorito que corresponde à unidade Rochas Intrusivas Subvulcânicas Intermediárias. As fases minerais relacionadas com a mineralização aurífera são representadas por sulfetos, tais como, pirita, arsenopirita, esfalerita, calcopirita e stibinita, sendo que a arsenopirita mostrou relação direta com a presença de ouro, este ocorrendo associado ao sulfeto. Ao todo foram identificadas 3 fases deformacionais: Dn-1, Dn, Dn+1. Dentre essas fases, observa-se que a presença da mineralização na área de estudo possui direta relação com as fases Dn-1 ou Dn, visto que os veios de quartzo mineralizados se encontram encaixados na foliação Sn. A interação entre o bandamento composicional S0//Sn-1 e a foliação Sn gera lineação de intersecção paralela aos eixos de dobra Dn, com caimento para NW. A orientação dessa lineação é favorável para o posicionamento do corpo de minério, podendo apresentar inclusive espessuras maiores nessa orientação. As rochas que compõem as unidades mapeadas apresentaram metamorfismo regional progressivo na fácies xisto verde baixo, zona da biotita. / Structural control plays a major role in gold deposits. Thus, understanding the different structures present in the area, as well as the relationship between these structures, is a key issue. This work aims to identify the structural control of the gold deposit of C1-Santaluz. It also presents the tectono-stratigraphic stacking of the rocks and the main deformation phases that occur in the area. The C1-Santaluz deposit is located in a Greenstone Belt and has a complex structural setting. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the structures that can influence the geometry of the mineralized bodies. The rocks of the study area were mapped in 1:750 scale. The study was carried out through macroscopic and microscopic description of rocks, as well as scanning electron microscope and of x-ray diffraction analyses. The rock units that occur in the area were divided in two main domains, base to top, Sequência Vulcânica and Sequência Metassedimentar. The mineral paragenesis related to the auriferous mineralization is represented by sulphides, pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and stibnite. Arsenopyrite showed direct relation with the presence of gold, detected by scanning electron microscope analysis. A total of 3 deformational phases were identified: Dn-1, Dn, Dn+1. Phase Dn-1 and Dn have direct relation with the mineralization since mineralized quartz veins occur parallel to the Sn foliation (S0//Sn-1//Sn). The intersection between the bedding S0//Sn-1 and Sn foliation generates an intersection lineation that is parallel to the Dn fold axis, plunging to NW. These structures are favorable for the increase of the volume of the mineralized bodies, plunging to NW. The rocks were metamorphosed under lower greenschist facies conditions (biotite zone).