"Regional growth theory requires the explicit introduction of two fundamental dimensions - time and space. The time dimension was successfully brought into economic theory with the release of Keynes’ assumption of a constant production capacity. Model building in the field of growth theory of national economics continues to achieve high levels of theoretical sophistication, including the empirical application of rather abstract models. Independent of these striking developments in dynamic analysis was the introduction of the spatial dimension, mainly through the work of Walter Isard in the late 1950's. These two. fundamental innovations, however, failed to be integrated. Growth theory formulated its models for a wonderland of no spatial dimension, and regional science did not bother to introduce the time dimension." (Siebert, 1969, pp. 5 - 6). The importance of incorporating temporal dynamics into building urban and regional planning models is becoming increasingly recognized. Forrester’s (1969) urban dynamics model, which gives a purely temporal, non-spatial simulation model of the city is one example of this line of development. The Lowry (1964) model of urban land use has been given a number of temporal reinterpretations such as the Tomm and Empiric models (Lowry, 1967). A third approach is the work focussing on the spatial transmission and description of business cycle impulses in urban and regional economic systems. The present study falls in line with the last approach. It involves an empirical identification of the variations in the timing and intensity of employment fluctuations existing among cities in Southern Ontario. Economic change or growth in one urban place is viewed as, at least, a partial function of changes taking place elsewhere in the urban system. The structure of urban interdependencies is conditioned by the frictions of distance, by the existence of urban size thresholds and hierarchies and by inter-market, industrial and financial linkages. These spatial relations are examined in reference to growth pole theory and to the literature on economic fluctuations in urban/regional systems. Some spatial considerations in growth pole theory are discussed first, followed by a review of a number of limitations and neglected issues found in the empirical research. Based on this theoretical and empirical review, the study attempts to show how an analysis of urban short run phenomena such as cyclical fluctuations is related to growth pole theoretical constructs and how it is useful in the empirical testing of growth pole processes and in planning applications. A conceptual framework is then outlined, structuring the way economic impulses are generated through national, regional and local mechanisms and transmitted through the urban system and how the impacts of these impulses on urban centres vary in intensity and timing. From this conceptual framework, three analytical procedures for examining certain questions about change in an urban system and for investigating spatial interdependencies in urban short run economic behaviour, are outlined. First, factor analysis as a technique for studying spatial— temporal patterns in the intensity and timing of growth among cities is presented. Second, a model that deals with the decomposition of urban time series data into three components, a long term growth trend, a national cyclical component and a regional component, is presented. Third, a model for testing for spatial-temporal growth trends (polarization trends) at the regional level is developed. Time series data, consisting of monthly industrial composite employment indicies for a five year time period from January, 1968, to December, 1972, for 29 cities in Southern Ontario, are applied to the analytical methodologies. The monthly observations are seasonally, adjusted, using dummy variables and least squares multiple regression. Some concluding statements are made in the final chapter. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

The concentration of the population and socioeconomic activities in the Metropolitan Area of Port au Prince (MAPAP) in Haiti has a negative impact within MAPAP and on the socioeconomic development of the entire country. This phenomenon, known as urban primacy, is increasing at an unprecedented rate in developing countries. Urban primacy in the Third World is explained by scholars studying the phenomenon and by dependency theorists. Economic decentralization, based on growth pole theory, is one of the most frequently used policies for slowing the growth of primate cities by focusing on development poles. In Haiti, the potential growth poles are the regional capitals that have a constitutional mandate to promote and manage the development of their region. I have tested some of the assumptions of dependency and growth pole theories on Haiti, using the eight regional capitals as units of analysis. Using migration, geographic, and socioeconomic data, I have identified the strongest poles and explained their attraction power and formulated policy recommendations that will increase the chances of successfully implementing economic decentralization. The research design is the case study. The data show that MAPAP overshadows the regional capitals at the national level and within the capitals' own region, except for Cap Haïtien. However, the regional capitals are the primary destinations for migrants within their regions. The strongest poles are Cap Haïtien, Gonaives, and Port de Paix. Their attraction power is explained primarily by their population size and by their connections to the international market. Due to the selection criteria of the units of analysis and the limitations of the data used, the support and rejection of the growth pole and dependency theories hypotheses are not conclusive for the testing of these theories in Haiti or the Third World. The Haitian government needs to be more aggressive in addressing the consequences of urban primacy by implementing a comprehensive economic decentralization. The January 12, 2010, earthquake brought light on the issues raised by this study. Fortunately, the Haitian government has expressed its vision for the rebuilding of Haiti with an emphasis on decentralizing socioeconomic activities outside of MAPAP.

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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo investigar os fatores condicionantes do processo de desenvolvimento de Roraima. Transformado de Território Federal em Estado membro da federação brasileira pela Constituição de 1988, Roraima está num ponto de inflexão de sua história, e especialmente do modelo de economia que deu base à sobrevivência de sua população até agora. A conhecida, localmente, economia do contracheque “chapa branca” deu bons resultados até o início dos anos 90 da década passada. De lá para cá demonstra claros sinais de exaustão, afinal, o estado está perdendo posição relativa no ranking brasileiro. Isso pode ser medido tanto pelo indicador de produção material, o PIB per capita quanto pelo IDH-M, adotado mundialmente como melhor medidor do nível de desenvolvimento de uma população. Assim, o estado de Roraima tem de enfrentar o desafio de mudar o modelo econômico que lhe deu até aqui sustentação, e isso terá de ocorrer sob um cenário de restrição ao uso de seu capital natural imposto pelo Estado nacional, e a partir dos liames econômicos que ligam o Pólo Secundário Roraima ao Pólo Econômico Manaus. Isso condiciona o desenvolvimento do primeiro em relação ao segundo. Do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento sub-regional, Roraima vem crescendo num ritmo mais lento que os demais estados da Amazônia Ocidental. O desempenho do Produto Interno Bruto per capita e o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDH-M), medido entre os anos de 1991 (ano de implantação do estado) e 2005 (dados obtidos junto ao IBGE/PNDU), além dos dois condicionantes já referidos, indicam que a indução de qualquer processo de mudança em Roraima, passa necessariamente pela intervenção do estado local, que não dispõe de recursos orçamentários para fazê-lo, e não detém o controle das políticas mineral, ambiental, indígena, fundiária e creditícia, todas enfeixadas nas mãos do Estado nacional. Em conclusão, qualquer possibilidade de desenvolvimento de Roraima, passa pela negociação de um pacto republicano com o Estado nacional. / This dissertation aims to investigate the conditioning factors of the development process of Roraima. Changed from Federal Territory in the State member of the Brazilian federation by the Constitution of 1988, Roraima is in a point of inflection of its history, and especially the model of economy which was based on the survival of its people so far. The known, locally, the economy "white hat" proof of income has yielded good results until the early 90s of the last decade. From then until now shows clear signs of exhaustion, after all, the state is losing relative position in the Brazilian ranking. This can be measured both by the indicator of material production, GDP per capita as the HDI-M, used worldwide as a better gauge the level of development of a population. Thus, the state of Roraima has to face the challenge of changing the economic model which has hitherto support, and this must occur under a scenario of restricting the use of its natural capital tax by the national State, and from economic links that linking the Secondary Pole at Roraima to Economic Pole at Manaus. It influences the development of the first in the second one. From a sub-regional development point of view, Roraima is growing in a slower pace than the other states of the Western Amazon. The performance of the Gross Domestic Product per capita and the Municipal Human Development Index (IDH_M), measured between the years 1991 (year of implementation of the state) and 2005 (data obtained from the IBGE / PNDU), besides the above two conditions, the induction of any process of change in Roraima, inevitably by the intervention of the state site, which has no budgetary resources to do so and has no control of the mineral, environmental, indigenous, land and credit policies. Each bottle in the hands of the national state. In conclusion, any possibility of development in Roraima is to negotiate a pact with the Republican National State.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo investigar os fatores condicionantes do processo de desenvolvimento de Roraima. Transformado de Território Federal em Estado membro da federação brasileira pela Constituição de 1988, Roraima está num ponto de inflexão de sua história, e especialmente do modelo de economia que deu base à sobrevivência de sua população até agora. A conhecida, localmente, economia do contracheque “chapa branca” deu bons resultados até o início dos anos 90 da década passada. De lá para cá demonstra claros sinais de exaustão, afinal, o estado está perdendo posição relativa no ranking brasileiro. Isso pode ser medido tanto pelo indicador de produção material, o PIB per capita quanto pelo IDH-M, adotado mundialmente como melhor medidor do nível de desenvolvimento de uma população. Assim, o estado de Roraima tem de enfrentar o desafio de mudar o modelo econômico que lhe deu até aqui sustentação, e isso terá de ocorrer sob um cenário de restrição ao uso de seu capital natural imposto pelo Estado nacional, e a partir dos liames econômicos que ligam o Pólo Secundário Roraima ao Pólo Econômico Manaus. Isso condiciona o desenvolvimento do primeiro em relação ao segundo. Do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento sub-regional, Roraima vem crescendo num ritmo mais lento que os demais estados da Amazônia Ocidental. O desempenho do Produto Interno Bruto per capita e o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDH-M), medido entre os anos de 1991 (ano de implantação do estado) e 2005 (dados obtidos junto ao IBGE/PNDU), além dos dois condicionantes já referidos, indicam que a indução de qualquer processo de mudança em Roraima, passa necessariamente pela intervenção do estado local, que não dispõe de recursos orçamentários para fazê-lo, e não detém o controle das políticas mineral, ambiental, indígena, fundiária e creditícia, todas enfeixadas nas mãos do Estado nacional. Em conclusão, qualquer possibilidade de desenvolvimento de Roraima, passa pela negociação de um pacto republicano com o Estado nacional. / This dissertation aims to investigate the conditioning factors of the development process of Roraima. Changed from Federal Territory in the State member of the Brazilian federation by the Constitution of 1988, Roraima is in a point of inflection of its history, and especially the model of economy which was based on the survival of its people so far. The known, locally, the economy "white hat" proof of income has yielded good results until the early 90s of the last decade. From then until now shows clear signs of exhaustion, after all, the state is losing relative position in the Brazilian ranking. This can be measured both by the indicator of material production, GDP per capita as the HDI-M, used worldwide as a better gauge the level of development of a population. Thus, the state of Roraima has to face the challenge of changing the economic model which has hitherto support, and this must occur under a scenario of restricting the use of its natural capital tax by the national State, and from economic links that linking the Secondary Pole at Roraima to Economic Pole at Manaus. It influences the development of the first in the second one. From a sub-regional development point of view, Roraima is growing in a slower pace than the other states of the Western Amazon. The performance of the Gross Domestic Product per capita and the Municipal Human Development Index (IDH_M), measured between the years 1991 (year of implementation of the state) and 2005 (data obtained from the IBGE / PNDU), besides the above two conditions, the induction of any process of change in Roraima, inevitably by the intervention of the state site, which has no budgetary resources to do so and has no control of the mineral, environmental, indigenous, land and credit policies. Each bottle in the hands of the national state. In conclusion, any possibility of development in Roraima is to negotiate a pact with the Republican National State.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo investigar os fatores condicionantes do processo de desenvolvimento de Roraima. Transformado de Território Federal em Estado membro da federação brasileira pela Constituição de 1988, Roraima está num ponto de inflexão de sua história, e especialmente do modelo de economia que deu base à sobrevivência de sua população até agora. A conhecida, localmente, economia do contracheque “chapa branca” deu bons resultados até o início dos anos 90 da década passada. De lá para cá demonstra claros sinais de exaustão, afinal, o estado está perdendo posição relativa no ranking brasileiro. Isso pode ser medido tanto pelo indicador de produção material, o PIB per capita quanto pelo IDH-M, adotado mundialmente como melhor medidor do nível de desenvolvimento de uma população. Assim, o estado de Roraima tem de enfrentar o desafio de mudar o modelo econômico que lhe deu até aqui sustentação, e isso terá de ocorrer sob um cenário de restrição ao uso de seu capital natural imposto pelo Estado nacional, e a partir dos liames econômicos que ligam o Pólo Secundário Roraima ao Pólo Econômico Manaus. Isso condiciona o desenvolvimento do primeiro em relação ao segundo. Do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento sub-regional, Roraima vem crescendo num ritmo mais lento que os demais estados da Amazônia Ocidental. O desempenho do Produto Interno Bruto per capita e o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDH-M), medido entre os anos de 1991 (ano de implantação do estado) e 2005 (dados obtidos junto ao IBGE/PNDU), além dos dois condicionantes já referidos, indicam que a indução de qualquer processo de mudança em Roraima, passa necessariamente pela intervenção do estado local, que não dispõe de recursos orçamentários para fazê-lo, e não detém o controle das políticas mineral, ambiental, indígena, fundiária e creditícia, todas enfeixadas nas mãos do Estado nacional. Em conclusão, qualquer possibilidade de desenvolvimento de Roraima, passa pela negociação de um pacto republicano com o Estado nacional. / This dissertation aims to investigate the conditioning factors of the development process of Roraima. Changed from Federal Territory in the State member of the Brazilian federation by the Constitution of 1988, Roraima is in a point of inflection of its history, and especially the model of economy which was based on the survival of its people so far. The known, locally, the economy "white hat" proof of income has yielded good results until the early 90s of the last decade. From then until now shows clear signs of exhaustion, after all, the state is losing relative position in the Brazilian ranking. This can be measured both by the indicator of material production, GDP per capita as the HDI-M, used worldwide as a better gauge the level of development of a population. Thus, the state of Roraima has to face the challenge of changing the economic model which has hitherto support, and this must occur under a scenario of restricting the use of its natural capital tax by the national State, and from economic links that linking the Secondary Pole at Roraima to Economic Pole at Manaus. It influences the development of the first in the second one. From a sub-regional development point of view, Roraima is growing in a slower pace than the other states of the Western Amazon. The performance of the Gross Domestic Product per capita and the Municipal Human Development Index (IDH_M), measured between the years 1991 (year of implementation of the state) and 2005 (data obtained from the IBGE / PNDU), besides the above two conditions, the induction of any process of change in Roraima, inevitably by the intervention of the state site, which has no budgetary resources to do so and has no control of the mineral, environmental, indigenous, land and credit policies. Each bottle in the hands of the national state. In conclusion, any possibility of development in Roraima is to negotiate a pact with the Republican National State.

The theme of diploma thesis "Polarization of Economic Growth in the European Union" belongs to fundamental issues of recent regionalistics. The main aim is to demark poles of economic growth and periphery areas within the EU territory. This aim is followed by hypothesis that "at recent economic circumstances, economic activities are concentrated in the central part of the EU". First part of the thesis focuses on theoretic approaches, including economic growth poles definition, finding general factors of economic attractiveness of the region, their evolution and yet known findings about concentration of economic growth in the EU in economic, social and environmental dimension. In the following practical part, the main economic, social and environmental indicators are established. Using these indicators, areas that feature strong polarization of economic growth and in opposite, areas that can be marked as periphery, are defined within the EU.

Magister Educationis - MEd / This research investigates how higher education institutions contribute to regional development, using the University of Buea in the Fako region as a case study. Policy documents reviewed and interviews with major stakeholders in the region, present a significant 'delink' or disjuncture between university policy and regional development efforts. This, from the policy perspective, has been strongly attributed to the national rather than to the regional mandate around which the university was established. However, data from the economic and social indicators investigated, reveal that the University of Buea by its very presence has been a significant agent in the development of the municipality. / South Africa

No description available.

<p>This research investigates how higher education institutions contribute to regional development, using the University of Buea in the Fako region as a case study. Policy documents reviewed and interviews with major stakeholders in the region, present a significant 'delink' or disjuncture between university policy and regional development efforts. This, from the policy perspective, has been strongly attributed to the national rather than to the regional mandate around which the university was established. However, data from the economic and social indicators investigated, reveal that the University of Buea by its very presence has been a significant agent in the development of the municipality.</p>