Les procédures orales (juicios verbales) et les conciliations qui firent irruption sur la scène judiciaire, après la promulgation de la Constitution espagnole de 1812, ont constitué, pendant de longues décennies, le dernier échelon du système judiciaire mexicain. Soumises à des adaptations diverses après l'indépendance du pays, leurs caractéristiques essentielles ont toutefois été conservées par la suite : l’ensemble de ces procédures fut fondamentalement attribué à des juges locaux qui n'étaient pas tenus d'avoir une formation juridique et qui ne recevaient aucune rémunération, exerçant un service obligatoire au bénéfice de la collectivité (carga concejil). Cette justice municipale avec ses juges «profanes» représente l'un des nombreux éléments qui autorise à qualifier le XIXe siècle mexicain de période de transition juridique. À Guadalajara, deux types de juges sont intervenus dans l’administration de justice par des procès verbaux au cours de la première moitié du XIXe siècle : les alcaldes constitucionales et les commissaires de police. Leurs tribunaux étaient les institutions judiciaires ordinaires les plus proches des justiciables où étaient résolus divers conflits du quotidien, principalement de caractère civil, mais aussi criminels. Bien que chacun eût incarné une justice paternelle, peu répressive et caractérisée par sa simplicité procédurale, les tribunaux des commissaires de police étaient des espaces moins coercitifs encore, plus souples et ouverts à la négociation. S’il est vrai que ces derniers avaient certes moins d’attributions en matière de sanctions, il n’en demeure pas moins qu’ils gardaient une plus grande proximité avec les justiciables. / The oral trials (juicios verbales) and conciliation which emerged in the judicial domain following the declaration of the 1812 Spanish Constitution, represented for many decades the lowest level of the Mexican judicial system. Although subjected to a number of modifications after the country’s independence, their essential characteristics were preserved: both processes were primarily attributed to local judges who required no legal training and received no remuneration. These judges performed an obligatory service for the benefit of the community (carga concejil). Such municipal justice, embodying judges from among the laypeople, is one of a number of elements that supports the description of the Mexican nineteenth century as a period of legal transition. In Guadalajara, two types of judge exist in oral trial judicial administration during the first half of the nineteenth century: alcaldes constitucionales and police officers (comisarios de policía). Their courts were the ordinary judicial institutions closest to the litigants in which various everyday conflicts were resolved, chiefly civil ones, but also criminal. While both categories of judge represented a paternal type of justice, minimally repressive and simple in its process, the police officers’ courts were less coercive and more open to negotiation. While these latter courts certainly possessed fewer powers than the alcaldes constitucionales regarding sanctions, in certain respects they nevertheless were more accessible to the litigants.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1992. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 257-270).

Thesis advisor: Hans de Wit / Thesis advisor: Rebecca C. Schendel / CUValles has no intentional, integrated institutional pathway to comprehensive internationalization. Consequently, the primary purpose of this transformative inquiry is to analyze how comprehensive internationalization might be achieved at CUValles: a constituent of a decentralized, multi-campus University Network. Interviews with 12 key informants and official document analysis were the means of data collection. Findings indicate the disarticulated presence of all comprehensive internationalization as characterized by ACE, (2017). Comprehensive internationalization might be achieved at CUValles through a context savvy application of de Wit’s Internationalization Cycle (2002), integrated from an “Inter-Campus Research Institute for International Higher Education”. / Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

A large Mexican-American population already exists in Los Angeles and, with each generation, it continues to rise. This Mexican-American community has maintained its connection to its heritage by playing and watching soccer, Mexico’s top watched sport. In this thesis, I analyze how Major League Soccer's Chivas USA serves as an outlet through which many Mexicans in Los Angeles have developed their ethnic identities. Since the early twentieth century, Mexicans in Los Angeles have created separate residential communities and sports organizations to strengthen their connections with one another. To appeal to Mexican-Americans, Chivas USA has branded itself closely to its sister team Chivas Guadalajara of Mexico. I explore how Chivas USA's Mexican-American fans have responded to the team's arrival in Los Angeles by forming three different supporter groups — Legion 1908, Union Ultras, and Black Army 1850. By interviewing members of the Union Ultras and Black Army 1850, I learned their beliefs towards a range of issues, including: why they support Chivas USA rather than the Los Angeles Galaxy and how they view the poor representation of Mexican-American players on the United States National Soccer Team. As I conclude, these supporter groups have increased in number and diversity as Chivas USA has grown in popularity. To increase its Mexican-American fan base and to sustain professional soccer in Los Angeles, Chivas USA should relocate to a new stadium for the Major League Soccer's 2013 season and consider rebranding its name to "Chivas Los Angeles."