Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1977. / Bibliography: leaves [240]-245. / Microfiche. / vii, 245 leaves ill., maps

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-167). / viii, 167 leaves, bound 29 cm

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1983 / Pacific Islands Studies

plan A / Pacific Islands Studies

Bibliography: leaves 359-381 / xi, 381 leaves : ill., maps ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, 1985

Bibliography: leaves 418-425 / vii, 425 leaves, [3] folded leaves : maps ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, 1985

Bibliography : leaves 302-311 / 311 leaves : ill., maps ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anthropology, 1992

Bibliography: leaves 417-424 / xix, 424 leaves : ill ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anthropology, 1986

This thesis describes the features of the phonology, morphology and syntax of Oksapmin, a Papuan (Non-Austronesian) language of Papua New Guinea. Oksapmin is spoken by around 8000 people, most of whom reside in the Tekin valley in Sandaun Province. The analysis in this thesis is based on the study of data from both elicitation and text collection undertaken on two field trips between 2004 and 2006: from May to October 2004, and from October 2005 to January 2006. / A general introduction is provided in Chapter 1, phonology, phonotactics and morphophonology are discussed in Chapter 2, word classes in Chapter 3, demonstratives in Chapter 4, nouns in Chapter 5, postpositions in Chapter 6, noun phrase syntax in Chapter 7, verbs in Chapter 8, coverbs in Chapter 9, clausal syntax in Chapter 10, phrasal clitics in Chapter 11, and clause combining in Chapter 12. Four sample texts are provided as appendices. Sound files are provided on the accompanying CD for many of the examples scattered throughout the thesis, as well as for all the texts in the appendices. / The most interesting and important grammatical subsystem in Oksapmin is the evidential one, which permeates various areas of the grammar. Without proper knowledge of this system, one cannot make a single grammatical sentence in the language. Recall that evidentiality is, roughly speaking, when a speaker marks how he or she came about the knowledge on which a given utterance is based. Evidentiality in Oksapmin is indicated with past tense verbal inflection, with enclitics, and with a number of other constructions. The evidential system is typologically unusual in that the primary contrast it marks is participatory/factual versus visual/sensory evidence; this distinction is made in the verbal inflection. Participatory/factual evidentials are not widely attested cross-linguistically, and those systems that do exist have been largely ignored in the typological literature. / Some of the other areas of grammar discussed in this thesis include prenasalised consonants with nasal allophones, noun phrases with a complex syntactic structure, a range of demonstratives which distinguish for elevation, a large vocabulary of kin terms including a set of dyadic kin terms, extensive use of complex predicates consisting of a light verb plus a coverb, and a variety of clause combining strategies including clause chaining.

[Truncated abstract] Malaria is the most important parasitic disease of man. Of the five species known to infect humans, Plasmodium falciparum causes most deaths and illness, especially when it affects children and pregnant women living in highly endemic areas of the rural tropics. Pharmacological therapies for malaria must be optimised for these groups and must be practical for administration in critically ill patients in remote settings. The clinical studies in this thesis evaluated the clinical pharmacology of modern antimalarial treatments in a Melanesian population exposed to highly endemic malaria. The clinical studies were conducted between March 2001 and June 2007, with final data analysis completed by mid-2008. They aimed to evaluate key pharmacokinetic, parasitological, host genetic and socio-cultural determinants of treatment effectiveness in children with uncomplicated and severe malaria and in pregnant women. A multi-centre study of children with uncomplicated malaria evaluated the efficacy of four treatment regimens, including three artemisinin combination treatments. PCR corrected recrudescence rates by day 42 were 81.5%, 85.4%, 88.0% and 95.2% for chloroquine + sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, artesunate + sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AL), respectively. Determinants of efficacy in the DHA-PQ group included day 7 piperaquine (PQ) levels and baseline parasitaemia. Therefore, the worse than expected efficacy in this group may have been partly due to the high parasitaemias commonly seen in this population. ... Preliminary data suggested a protective effect of the erythrocyte polymorphism caused by the glycophorin C mutation against cerebral malaria. These studies also evaluated key pharmacokinetic, host genetic and socio-cultural determinants of the likely effectiveness of a novel pharmaceutical approach using artesunate suppositories for severe malaria. These demonstrated favourable absorption characteristics, clinical efficacy, safety and patient/community acceptability. Contrary to previous data, no evidence was found to suggest that the pharmacokinetic profiles or efficacy of artemisinin derivatives are likely to be compromised by a high prevalence of thalassaemia in this population. However, their highly variable bioavailability raises questions regarding the consistency of therapeutic response. Given the favourable efficacy and socio-cultural acceptability of rectal artesunate demonstrated in these studies, the PNG Ministry of Health has decided to add artesunate suppositories to its national pharmacopoeia and incorporate them into standard treatment recommendations. A final study compared the pharmacokinetics of chloroquine, sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine in pregnant, versus non-pregnant women. This demonstrated significantly lower concentrations of all three drugs and active metabolites in the pregnant group, due to a combination of effects on either volume of distribution, clearance and elimination half-life. It suggests that significant dosage alterations are necessary to optimise therapy in pregnant women.