Tomáš Marek Intercultural mediation of music Abstract The thesis concerns in intercultural transmissing of music between Guinea and Czech Republic. I have dealt with traditional way of transmissing music in Guiney in my bachelor work but how is music transmissed interculturaly from local masters to the musicians from totally different culture? Besides the main goal this thesis concerns measure of how Guinean music production influences Czech musical production and how local ways of teaching foreigners the Guinean music influence the ways of teaching such music in the Czech Republic. It is based on semi-structured interviews with three professional musicians from the Czech Republic and Australia.

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Effects of neurokinin A (NKA) and substance P (SP) on coronary resistance vessels were studied in isolated guinea pig hearts perfused with isotonic buffer containing 20 mM KCl. Injections of NKA and SP caused dose-dependent reductions in perfusion pressure with ED50 values of 14.0 and 0.326 pmol, respectively. Blockade of nitric oxide synthesis or removal of the endothelium inhibited vasodilator responses to neurokinins. Infusions of NKA or SP caused tachyphylaxis and cross-desensitization to the other neurokinin but not to acetylcholine. Injections of 2.5 nmol NKA increased perfusion pressure by 31 ± 8% when given after tachyphylaxis developed to infused SP (2.5 nmol/100 μl/min). It was concluded that 1) neurokinins cause an endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary resistance vessels by stimulating NK-1 receptors on endothelial cells, and 2) desensitization of the receptor mediating vasodilation unmasks a vasoconstrictor response to NKA.

The dose-response ototoxic effects of cisplatin were studied in guinea pigs. Loss of Preyer reflex and suppression of the N1 amplitude occurred in cisplatin-treated animals and was described as dose-related. Drug-induced hair cell damage, as observed with scanning electron microscopy, occurred sporadically throughout the turns of the cochlea and the incidence increased with dose. Na, K-ATPase activity in the lateral wall tissues was not significantly different between treatment groups. The results reported here indicate that cisplatin ototoxicity was dose-dependent, but was not directly related to Na,K-ATPase activity in the lateral wall.

While much is known about the attachment of the chlamydiae to the host cell and intracellular events during the developmental cycle, little is known about the mechanism(s) by which elementary bodies exit the cell. In this report, we use the guinea-pig conjunctival model of Chlamydia caviae infection to present in vivo ultrastructural evidence supporting two mechanisms for release of chlamydiae from the mucosal epithelia. Four days after infection, histopathologic observation shows an intense infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the conjunctival epithelium. Using transmission electron microscopy, a gradient-directed PMN response to chlamydiae-infected epithelial cells was observed. As PMN infiltration intensifies, epithelial hemidesmosome/integrin/focal adhesion adherence with the basal lamina is disconnected and PMNs literally lift off and release infected superficial epithelia from the mucosa. Many of these infected cells appear to be healthy with intact microvilli, nuclei, and mitochondria. While lysis of some infected cells occurs with release of chlamydiae into the extracellular surface milieu, the majority of infected cells are pushed off the epithelium. We propose that PMNs play an active role in detaching infected cells from the epithelium and that these infected cells eventually die releasing organisms but, in the process, move to new tissue sites via fluid dynamics.

Few studies in the area of psychodietetics have concentrated upon the relationship between a single dietary nutrient and behavior. However, some vitamins have been shown to be particularly important to central nervous system activity. Among these is Vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Two experiments were done to determine the effects of ascorbic acid deficient diets on a learning task in which guinea pigs were subjects. Learning was defined as acquisition and extinction of shock-escape and shock-avoidance behavior. In Experiment I, twelve adult guinea pigs were fed diets containing two different deficient amounts of ascorbic acid for six weeks. They were then run on shock-escape, shock-avoidance and extinction schedules. No significant differences in behavior among the dietary groups were shown by statistical analysis, either in acquisition or extinction. In Experiment II, three adult guinea pigs were fed the same ascorbic acid-deficient diets as in Experiment I for six weeks after a baseline performance on a shuttlebox shock avoidance schedule was obtained. Performance after dietary treatment among or across subjects was not observably different from the performance prior to treatment. Serum and adrenal protein analysis confirmed that the dietary treatment had lowered the total ascorbic acid content of the serum and adrenals, but behavior did not show a corresponding or consistent change. These results indicate that ascorbic acid deficient diets fed to adult guinea pigs did not result in a change in behavior as observed on shock-escape, shock-avoidance, or extinction schedules.

What constitutes a stable democracy has consistently changed over time, with varying thresholds of democratic achievement being utilized. The definitions of a liberal democracy have remained rather broad. This allows for states to be deemed democratic rather easily through weak characteristics. However, while some states clearly begin to exhibit illiberal democratic policies, therefore missing the democratic threshold, they are able to maintain stability. What the precise causal factors to democratic backslide are, have yet to be fully realized. Academics pose a multitude of characteristics contributing to backslide. This thesis seeks to examine two of those factors: ethnic heterogeneity and state “newness.” New approaches to measuring democracy and fostering democratic development are needed, however, they may also prove to be unsuccessful in analyzing democratic transitions. Not all states are alike, therefore what works for one state may not work for another, be the policies of the state liberal or illiberal.

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From quinua crop residue it is possible to obtain byproducts that can be used to feed small animals, especially guinea pigs. These byproducts can become an alternative feed to ameliorate food deficiencies generally present in the Altiplano. This study compared the effect of consumed quinua meal rations on guinea pig body weight increase and food and economic conversion. This project was developed in two phases: pre-experimental and experimental. In the first phase, genetic material appropriate for the project and the initial rations for consumption was acquired. The second phase included the experimental design where the treatments were developed. The study concluded that a diet of 30% of dry quinua residue completely substituted a diet of wheat meal. This study also presented information on a bactericidal effect of consumed quinua in the digestive tract, resulting in improved weight increase and feed conversion.

With the objective to determine guinea pig digestibility of the nutritive components of Vicia villosa, red clover, and Lolium multiflorum in relation to alfalfa, the digestibility coefficients were evaluated for fiber, protein, dry matter, energy, and dry matter consumption in these three species in a completely random block design with four repetitions. The results showed that for alfalfa digestibility coefficients of 85.7% of the protein and 2806.6 kcal/kg of digestible energy, plus an economic substitution value (ESV) of fiber, protein, and energy of US$0.41 and $0.38/kg and US$0.009/1000 kcal, respectively. Lolium multiflorum had the highest tendency toward digestibility with 60.7% of fiber and the highest consumption with 81.3g. Finally, the dry matter had a digestibility of 77.9% for red clover and 75.6% for alfalfa.