Thesis--Wisconsin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-111).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Texte remanié de: Th. doct.

This thesis is a descriptive analysis of Wano, a Trans-New Guinea language found in West Papua which is spoken by approximately 7,000 native speakers. The thesis includes: (i) an introduction of Wano topography and demography; a brief ethnographic sketch; some sociolinguistic issues such as name taboo, counting system and kinship terms; and typological profile of the language in chapter 1; (ii) morphophonological properties in chapter 2; (iii) forms and functions of nouns in chapter 3; (iv) verbs in chapter 4; (v) deixis in chapter 5; (vi) clause elements in chapter 6; and (vii) intransitive/transitive non-verbal predication in chapter 7; (viii) clause combination is consecutively observed in terms of coordination and subordination in chapter 8; serial verb constructions in chapter 9; clause linking in chapter 10; and bridging linkage in chapter 11. Chapter 12 sums-up the overall thesis. Wano has 11 consonantal and 5 vocalic phonemes expressed through their allophonic variations, consonantal assimilation and vocalic diphthongs. The only fricative phoneme attested is bilabial fricative /Î2/. There are two open and two closed syllable patterns where all consonants are syllable-onset, while approximants can also be syllable-coda. Vowels are syllable-nucleus. Stress is syllable-final which will be penultimate in cliticization. The phonology-morphology interface provides a significant contribution to the shaping of conjugational verbs, which, in turn, plays an essential role to an understanding of Wano verbal system where distinction between roots, stems, citation forms, sequential forms and tense-aspect-mood is defined. Wano is a polysynthetic language that displays an agglutinative-fusional morphology. Although the alienable-inalienable noun distinction is essentially simple in its morphology, the sex-distinction of the possessor between kin terms allows room for semantic-pragmatic complexity in the interpretation of their various uses. Wano has four non-verbal predications, consists of experiential event, nominal, adjectival, and deictic predicates. Wano is a verb-final language that allows pronominal pro-drop and has no rigid word order for arguments. A clause may consist only of (i) a single verb, (ii) a single inalienable noun, (iii) a serial verb construction, (iv) a combination of an inalienable noun with a verb, and or (v) a combination of an inalienable noun with a serial verb construction. To maintain discourse coherency, Wano makes use of tail-head linkage construction. The thesis consists of: pre-sections (i-xxxiii), contents (1-478), bibliography (479-498), and appendices (499-594) that include verb paradigms, noun paradigms, some oral texts and dialectal wordlist.

This thesis explores how the mining of bauxite and diamonds enabled the coexistence of regime stability and social insecurity in Guinea under the regimes of Presidents Sékou Touré (1958- 1984) and Lansana Conté (1984-2008). Expanding on Soares de Oliviera’s (2007) analytical framework of the ‘successful failed state’ and the ‘social contract’ as developed by Nugent (2010), this thesis examines how the Republic of Guinea, despite decades of political repression and the mismanagement of its mineral resources, has so far not fallen victim to the extreme consequences of the so-called ‘resource curse’. The thesis shows that Touré and Conté avoided large-scale armed conflict by using mineral resources to strengthen their regimes, which in turn facilitated the emergence of different forms of ‘social contracts’. Despite the coercive nature of both regimes, the presence of mineral resources also opened up a space for bargaining amongst actors involved in the sector including the state, local communities and private mining companies. As a result, a variety of ‘social contracts’ emerged in Guinea. Whilst artisanal mining became a key source of income for the rural population, industrial mining catered to the revenue needs of the regime in power. The thesis focuses specifically on bauxite and diamond mining in Guinea and how they contributed to the coexistence of regime stability and social insecurity in Guinea. While some studies have been undertaken on bauxite, there have not been detailed studies of the role of diamond mining in Guinea’s post independence political history. The thesis makes an original contribution in comparing and contrasting the contribution of bauxite and diamond mining to larger political dynamics. The thesis offers a clearer understanding of issues that contribute to regime stability and how the presence of mineral resources facilitates the emergence of different ‘social contracts’.

La politique linguistique se présente comme un ensemble de mesures qu’adopte un État vis-à-vis d’une ou plusieurs langues parlées sur le territoire relevant de sa souveraineté, pour en modifier le corpus ou le statut. Les politiques linguistiques répondent généralement aux impératifs d’ordre idéologique, culturel, économique ou politique. En effet, les langues et le pouvoir entretiennent des liens étroits à travers la structure de la société. Historiquement, certaines transformations politiques sont à l’origine de modifications plus ou moins importantes du statut et du cadre institutionnel de la ou des langues de la société. Le cas de la République de Guinée Équatoriale de la colonisation espagnole à nos jours, en est particulièrement illustratif. Pendant la période coloniale espagnole (1858-1968), l'espagnol était la langue unique et obligatoire de l'administration, de la justice et de l'enseignement. L'Espagne a mis en oeuvre l'idéologie monolingue assimilationniste. (....). Après l'indépendance acquise en 1968, l'espagnol est devenu la langue officielle du nouvel état et l'hispanisation s'est poursuivie...(...). De 1979 à nos jours, l'Etat équato-guinéen applique une politique linguisique qui se fonde sur des enjeux culturels, économiques et géopolitiques. elle se caractérise par le renforcement de la langue espagnole, l'attribution du statut de langues officielles au français et au portugais. Par contre les langues natives ne bénéficient d'aucun statut public. (...) / The linguistic policy is a set of measures taken by a State concerning one or many languages that are spoken in the territory placed under its sovereignty, in order to change the corpus or statute. In general, linguistic policies are based on ideological, cultural, economic and political goals. In fact, languages and power are strongly linked within the structure of the society. In the history, political factors have changed the statute and institutional framework of the society languages. The case of The Republic of Equatorial Guinea from the Spanish colonization to nowadays is particularly relevant. During the spanish colonial period (1858-1968), Spain expanded its language to the detriment of local Bantu and creole languages. The use of spanish was compulsory in administration, justice, schools....(...). The colony became independent in 1968. Spanish was official language of the new State and hispanization went on....(...). From 1979 to present day, the Equato-guinéan State is enforcing a linguistic policy based on cultural, economic and geopolitical goals.The use of Spanish is reinforced, French and Portuguese became official languages. But native languages don't have any public statute....(...)

Tendo em vista a ascensão da costa ocidental africana como uma fonte alternativa de fornecimento de petróleo ao mercado mundial no período contemporâneo, este trabalho busca responder ao seguinte questionamento: quais as implicações políticas e securitárias da exploração do petróleo na região do Golfo da Guiné, a partir dos anos 2000? Como objetivos do estudo, propõe-se a investigação da influência desse recurso energético nas características dos Estados da região, compreender sua relação com a formação de instituições como as companhias nacionais de petróleo, avaliar sua influência no interesse estrangeiro e na ocorrência de conflitos da região. Para responder o problema de pesquisa, foi realizada ampla revisão bibliográfica em fontes especializadas, relatórios e organismos internacionais. Na primeira seção, examina-se o petróleo no Golfo da Guiné, a competição pelos recursos africanos, a indústria do petróleo na Nigéria e em Angola, e o debate sobre a maldição dos recursos naturais. Na segunda parte são investigadas as implicações políticas e securitárias do petróleo, avaliando suas consequências para as instituições e características do Estado. Em seguida, são avaliados os interesses dos EUA e China na zona, a evolução da Comissão do Golfo da Guiné e os conflitos associados ao petróleo. Por fim, aprofunda-se o estudo da Nigéria, o maior produtor da região, analisando a história do petróleo no país, o conflito no Delta do Níger, e as associações entre exploração de petróleo e política externa. / Considering the rise of the West African coast as an alternative source of oil supply to the world market in the contemporary period, this paper seeks to answer the following question: what are the political and security implications of oil exploration in the Gulf of Guinea, from the 2000's? This study aims to investigate the influence of this energy resource on the characteristics of the states of the region, to understand its relationship with the formation of institutions such as national oil companies, to evaluate their influence on foreign interest and on the occurrence of conflicts in the region. In order to answer the research problem, a bibliographical review was carried out, using specialized sources, reports and documents of international organizations. The first section examines oil in the Gulf of Guinea, the scramble for African resources, the oil industry in Nigeria and Angola, and the debate over the curse of natural resources. The second part investigates the political and security implications of petroleum, evaluating its consequences for the institutions and characteristics of the state. Next, the US and Chinese interests in the zone are evaluated, the Gulf of Guinea Commission's evolution and the conflicts associated with oil in the GG. Finally, the study of Nigeria, the largest producer in the region, examining the history of oil in the country, the conflict in the Niger Delta, and the associations between oil exploration and foreign policy is explored.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:20:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 escobar_a_dr_jabo.pdf: 612819 bytes, checksum: 65d9566de830f99434d948b600cd78f8 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se, com este estudo, determinar se o butorfanol modifica a concentração anestésica mínima do sevofluorano (CAnMSEV) em função do tempo e avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e eletrolíticos causados por essa associação em galinhas d'angola. Dez galinhas d'angola foram anestesiadas com sevofluorano e mantidas sob ventilação mecânica para determinação da CAnMSEV individual pelo modelo bracketing. A porcentagem de redução da CAnMSEV após a administração intravenosa de 2 ou 4,0 mg/kg de butorfanol em função do tempo foi estimada por regressão logística pelo método up-and-down. Em etapa subsequente, foram avaliados os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios do sevofluorano (1,0 CAnM) e de uma dose equipotente do sevofluorano (0,8 CAnM) associado ao butorfanol (4,0 mg/kg). A CAnMSEV média foi de 2,86 ± 0,09V%. Após 15 minutos da administração de 2,0 mg/kg de butorfanol, a redução da CAnMSEV foi de 8,52 ± 3,11V%. Após 15 e 30 minutos da administração de 4,0 mg/kg de butorfanol, a redução da CAnMSEV foi de 20,78 ± 4,37V% e 11,07 ± 8,2V%, respectivamente. A administração intravenosa de 4,0 mg/kg de butorfanol induziu taquicardia supraventricular e fibrilação ventricular em 62,5% e 25% dos animais, respectivamente. Foi observada diminuição da frequência cardíaca, hipotensão e depressão respiratória severa 1 minuto após a administração de 4,0 mg/kg de butorfanol. O butorfanol diminui de forma dosedependente a CAnMSEV por um curto período, contudo, a dose que proporcionou a maior redução da CAnMSEV não foi considerada segura nas condições deste estudo / The aim of this study was to determine the sevoflurane minimum anesthetic concentration (MACSEV), to measure the dose and temporal sevoflurane MAC sparing effect of butorphanol, and to evaluate the cardiorrespiratory changes of this combination in guinea fowl. Ten guinea fowls were anesthetized with sevoflurane under mechanical ventilation for individual MACSEV determination using the bracketing design. The percent of MACSEV reduction after intravenous administration of 2 or 4,0 mg/kg of butorphanol was estimated by logistic regression using the up-and-down method. Afterward, the cardiorespiratory changes of sevoflurane (1.0 MAC) and of an equipotent dose of sevoflurane (0.8 MAC) combined with butorphanol (4.0 mg/kg) were studied. The mean MACSEV was 2.86 ± 0.09%. After 15 minutes of the 2-mg/kg butorphanol injections, the sevoflurane MAC reduction was 8.52 ± 3.11%. After 15 and 30 minutes of the 4-mg/kg butorphanol injections, the sevoflurane MAC reduction was 20.78 ± 4.37% and 11.07 ± 8.2%, respectively. Intravenous administration of 4.0 mg/kg of butorphanol caused supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in 62.5% and 25% of the animals, respectively. Decrease in heart rate, severe hypotension, and respiratory depression were observed after one minute of butorphanol administration. Butorphanol dose-dependently decreased MACSEV for a short period; however, the dose that caused MAC sparing effect was not considered safe in this experimental conditions

This paper explores the relationship between security concerns and political development in three case studies: Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, and Senegal. It first analyzes the foundations of political institutions within the three states by exploring the creation of nationalist leaders in the pre-independence era, and how their personal development within these years affected their governance style after independence. Afterwards, the discussion separates into the three distinct case studies. The purpose of this analysis is to first outline the major developments within each country in the political field, highlight the major security concerns within the country, and then analyze how these two sectors have affected the other, or if they have not, why there has been little connection between the two.

Tendo em vista a ascensão da costa ocidental africana como uma fonte alternativa de fornecimento de petróleo ao mercado mundial no período contemporâneo, este trabalho busca responder ao seguinte questionamento: quais as implicações políticas e securitárias da exploração do petróleo na região do Golfo da Guiné, a partir dos anos 2000? Como objetivos do estudo, propõe-se a investigação da influência desse recurso energético nas características dos Estados da região, compreender sua relação com a formação de instituições como as companhias nacionais de petróleo, avaliar sua influência no interesse estrangeiro e na ocorrência de conflitos da região. Para responder o problema de pesquisa, foi realizada ampla revisão bibliográfica em fontes especializadas, relatórios e organismos internacionais. Na primeira seção, examina-se o petróleo no Golfo da Guiné, a competição pelos recursos africanos, a indústria do petróleo na Nigéria e em Angola, e o debate sobre a maldição dos recursos naturais. Na segunda parte são investigadas as implicações políticas e securitárias do petróleo, avaliando suas consequências para as instituições e características do Estado. Em seguida, são avaliados os interesses dos EUA e China na zona, a evolução da Comissão do Golfo da Guiné e os conflitos associados ao petróleo. Por fim, aprofunda-se o estudo da Nigéria, o maior produtor da região, analisando a história do petróleo no país, o conflito no Delta do Níger, e as associações entre exploração de petróleo e política externa. / Considering the rise of the West African coast as an alternative source of oil supply to the world market in the contemporary period, this paper seeks to answer the following question: what are the political and security implications of oil exploration in the Gulf of Guinea, from the 2000's? This study aims to investigate the influence of this energy resource on the characteristics of the states of the region, to understand its relationship with the formation of institutions such as national oil companies, to evaluate their influence on foreign interest and on the occurrence of conflicts in the region. In order to answer the research problem, a bibliographical review was carried out, using specialized sources, reports and documents of international organizations. The first section examines oil in the Gulf of Guinea, the scramble for African resources, the oil industry in Nigeria and Angola, and the debate over the curse of natural resources. The second part investigates the political and security implications of petroleum, evaluating its consequences for the institutions and characteristics of the state. Next, the US and Chinese interests in the zone are evaluated, the Gulf of Guinea Commission's evolution and the conflicts associated with oil in the GG. Finally, the study of Nigeria, the largest producer in the region, examining the history of oil in the country, the conflict in the Niger Delta, and the associations between oil exploration and foreign policy is explored.