We present a catalog of the neutral atomic hydrogen structures (H I holes) and the analysis of their properties in nearby (≤ 10.3 Mpc) gas-rich dwarf galaxies of the LITTLE THINGS (Local Irregulars That Trace Luminosity Extremes, The H I Nearby Galaxy Survey) group. We used high sensitivity (≤ 1.1 mJy beam-1 channel-1), high velocity resolution (1.3 km s-1 to 2.6 km s-1) and high linear resolution (average ~110 pc; angular resolution ~6”) H I data of 37 dwarf irregulars and four blue compact dwarf galaxies. We cataloged H I holes in the entire sample and studied the of the properties of holes. We also investigated the effect of H I porosity on star formation, and the correlation of the star formation rate (SFR) calculated from H I holes with standard star formation tracers Hα and FUV. We detected 306 H I holes in LITTLE THINGS galaxies. We confirmed 22 kpc-sized holes, the largest and the smallest hole diameters are about 2.3 kpc and 38 pc (resolution limit) respectively. The expansion velocities of the holes range from 5 km s-1 (upper limit) to 30 km s-1, and the rotational velocities range from 6 km s-1 to 77 km s-1. The H I disk radii of the galaxies range from about 0.5 kpc to 6.7 kpc. The kinetic ages of the holes range from about 1 to 127 Myr, and the estimated scale heights are varying from 61 pc to 653 pc. The percentage distribution of the holes outside and inside the V-band break radius is nearly uniform, 49% and 51% respectively. In LITTLE THINGS galaxies, we found no obvious correlation between the surface and volume porosities, and SFR. However, two highest and two lowest porosity galaxies have no star formation at present. The holes are consistent with the SFR estimated from the energy required to create a hole and the star formation rates measured from Hα and FUV, indicating that the holes are consistent with a star formation origin.

Cette thèse porte sur l’adaptation des étudiants en période de transition. Elle repose sur une comparaison franco-canadienne entre étudiants primo-entrants et étudiants internationaux vietnamiens. Dans l’objectif d’apporter un éclairage nouveau sur les processus de leur adaptation, nous avons intégré deux modèles théoriques permettant de distinguer deux niveaux d’adaptation, l’un dit « local » commun à tous les étudiants, l’autre dit « international » spécifique aux Vietnamiens (Black, Mendenhall & Oddou, 1991), dans lesquels viennent s’imbriquer deux dimensions du processus : l’adaptation psychologique et l’adaptation socioculturelle (Ward & Searle, 1991). La personnalité anxieuse, suivie de l’attachement adulte et des tracas quotidiens, apparaissent comme le fondement explicatif de l’adaptation des étudiants, quels qu’ils soient, tant à un niveau psychologique que socioculturel. A ces aspects « locaux » pour les Vietnamiens, s’ajoutent deux enjeux interculturels : l’identification à la culture d’origine et les différents réseaux de socialisation. Les résultats soulignent également pour les différents groupes d’étudiants une fragilisation des modèles internes de l’attachement, des différences culturelles dans leurs potentialités à former un corps étudiant et à se socialiser au sein de l’université ainsi que la présence d’individus à risques : ces derniers seraient dans l’incapacité de faire face efficacement au stress induit par la période de transition. / This dissertation focuses on students’ adaptation in transition. It is based on a French-Canadian comparison between freshmen students and international Vietnamese students. With the aim to shed a new light on the process of their adaptation, we integrated two theoretical models which allowed us to distinguish two levels of adaptation, one considered as “local” and common to all students, the other as “international” and specific to Vietnamese students (Black, Mendenhall & Oddou, 1991), in which are embedded two dimensions: psychological adaptation and sociocultural adaptation (Ward & Searle, 1991). Anxious personality, followed by adult attachment and daily hassles, appeared as the root of students’ adaptation both at a psychological and sociocultural level. In addition to these “local” aspects, Vietnamese have to deal with two cross-cultural issues: their identification with culture of origin and the different social networks in their environment. Results also highlighted for all students a weakening in their working models of attachment, cultural differences in their potential to form a student body and to socialize within the university and, the existence of individuals “at risk”: these students appeared to be unable to cope effectively with the stress induced by the transition. / Lu?n án này d? c?p d?n s? h?i nh?p c?a sinh viên trong quá trình chuy?n d?i. Lu?n án du?c th?c hi?n d?a trên m?t so sánh Pháp và Canada gi?a nh?ng sinh viên m?i vào d?i h?c và sinh viên qu?c t? Vi?t Nam. V?i mong mu?n dem l?i m?t cái nhìn m?i m? v? qúa trình h?i nh?p c?a h?, chúng tôi dã trình bày hai mô hình lý thuy?t nh?m phân bi?t hai m?c d? h?i nh?p, m?t « mô hình c?c b? » chung cho m?i sinh viên và m?t « mô hình qu?c t? » d?c trung cho sinh viên Vi?t Nam (Black, Mendenhall & Oddou, 1991). Trong hai mô hình này, hai m?t c?a quá trình dan xen l?n nhau : s? h?i nh?p tâm lý và s? h?i nh?p van hóa xã h?i (Ward & Searle, 1991). Tính cách hay lo, ti?p d?n là s? g?n bó sâu s?c và nh?ng khó khan trong cu?c s?ng thu?ng ngày là co s? lý gi?i cho s? h?i nh?p c?a sinh viên c? v? m?t tâm lý và van hóa xã h?i. ? khía c?nh « c?c b?», sinh viên Vi?t Nam còn ph?i d?i phó v?i hai v?n d? mang tính ch?t liên van hóa : s? d?ng nh?t v?i n?n van hóa g?c và các m?ng xa h?i khác nhau. K?t qu? c?a lu?n án dã nh?n m?nh r?ng d?i v?i nh?ng nhóm sinh viên khác nhau, có s? không b?n v?ng c?a các m?u bên trong c?a các m?i liên h? (working models of attachment), c?a s? khác bi?t v? van hóa trong xu hu?ng hình thành m?t t?p th? sinh viên (student body) và xu hu?ng xã h?i hóa trong tru?ng d?i h?c cung nhu là s? t?n t?i nh?ng cá nhân thu?ng xuyên có v?n d?, nhi?u tâm : nh?ng sinh viên này du?ng nhu không th? d?i phó m?t cách hi?u qu? v?i nh?ng cang th?ng trong quá trình chuy?n d?i này.

Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université Laval, 2004. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 29 mars 2005). "Doctorat sur mesure en Mathématiques-Astrophysique", inscrit au Département de physique. Bibliogr.

The intent of this project was founded upon the need to train students in the techniques of radio astronomy with the purpose of establishing a radio telescope in order to teach the principles and practice of radio astronomy.This document describes the theory, research, to establish the 1st generation radio telescope system within the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Brigham Young University. Included are introductions to: (1) The nature of star forming regions in the spiral arm structure of the galaxy, H I (the hydrogen spin-flip transition) and OH MASERS, (2) The of terminology used with the system components and their measurements, (3) The characteristics of the imaging system and its limitations, and (4) Future work and plans. Within the body of this work, I also present an introduction to the purpose, architectural design, as well as a brief description of some of the system level functions and associated equipment that constitute the development infrastructure for the 2nd generation radio astronomy system.The major work accomplished includes history, some of the fundamental theory behind radio astronomy, significant aspects of the theory behind the system, building of the system, its calibration and characteristics as well as next steps

Je présente une version améliorée de la technique d'analyse par espace métrique introduite pour la première fois par Adams (1992). Cette technique est basée sur la comparaison de "fonctions de sortie" à une dimension qui analyse la topologie de cartes astrophysiques. Le nouvel espace métrique inclut de nouvelles fonctions de sortie, une meilleure réduction des données ainsi qu'une augmentation significative du nombre de structures isolées. A partir des données du "Canadian Galactic Plane Survey", la complexité de structures HI associées à 27 régions de formation d'étoiles, 13 étoiles Wolf-Rayet et 12 restes de supernova a pu être évaluée. Suite à ces calculs, une étude de corrélation a été réalisée entre le degré de complexité des structures HI et certaines caractéristiques intrinsèques associées aux objets, telles leur âge, la vitesse des vents stellaires et le paramètre d'excitation.

Les étoiles vivent et meurent en rejetant de la matière dans le milieu interstellaire (MIS) et elles naissent à l’intérieur de celui-ci. Nous avons analysé la composante d’hydrogène neutre du MIS. Nos données proviennent de la partie canadienne de l’International Galactic Plane Survey qui vise l’imagerie spectroscopique de l’hydrogène neutre du plan de notre galaxie. Nous avons utilisé deux outils mathématiques d’analyse d’images: la technique d’Espaces Métriques (TEM) et la méthode des Maxima du Module de la Transformée en Ondelettes (MMTO). La TEM est un formalisme mathématique d’analyse d’images qui permet de comparer quantitativement la complexité des objets étudiés. Nous avons amélioreré l’outil aux niveaux mathématique et technique avant de l’utiliser pour caractériser la complexité de 28 régions d’hydrogéne neutre. Aprés avoir classé les 28 objets, nous avons trouvé des corrélations entre ce classement et les propriétés physiques des objets sous-jacents, dont: (1) Plus le flux des photons UV est élevé, plus la région de H i photodissociée est complexe; et (2) la complexité des régions H i augmente avec l’ˆage des restes de supernovae auxquels elles sont associées. La méthode MMTO est un formalisme multifractal basé sur la transformée en ondelettes. Nos résultats obtenus à partir de cette méthode concernent les propriétés multifractales et anisotropes de l’hydrogène neutre dans notre galaxie. Les nuages terrestres exhibent des propriétés multifractales. Nous avons démontré que l’hydrogène neutre du disque de notre galaxie est monofractal. En analysant séparément les bras spiraux et les milieux inter-bras, nous avons découvert une signature anisotrope et que les structures horizontales sont plus complexes que les structures verticales. Cette anisotropie est indépendante de l’échelle pour les inter-bras tandis qu’elle est dépendante de l’échelle pour les bras spiraux. Les hypothèses investiguées pour obtenir une explication physique sont: le gradient de distribution en z (“scale-height gradient”), l’onde de densité, l’activité de formation d’étoiles, la photo-lévitation de nuages poussiéreux, les mouvements aléatoires de nuages H i, la corrugation et la turbulence. / Stars live and die by rejecting matter in the interstellar medium (ISM), where they were born. We have analyzed the neutral hydrogen component of the ISM. The data come from the Canadian portion of the International Galactic Plane Survey which aims the spectroscopic imaging of the neutral hydrogen from our Galaxy. We have used two mathematical image analysis tools: Metric Space Technique (MST) and the Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima (WTMM) method. The MST is an image analysis mathematical formalism that allows one to quantitatively compare the complexity of the studied objects. We have improved the tool mathematically and technically before using it to characterize the complexity of 28 neutral hydrogen regions. After classifying the 28 objects, we have found some correlations between this ranking and the physical properties of the underlying objects, for example: (1) The complexity of the photodissociated neutral hydrogen regions increases with the flux of UV photons; and (2) the complexity of neutral hydrogen regions increases with the age of the supernovae remnants to which they are associated. The WTMM method is a multifractal formalism based on the wavelet transform. The results we obtain from this method concern the multifractal and anisotropic properties of neutral hydrogen in our Galaxy. Earth clouds exhibit multifractal properties. We have shown that the neutral hydrogen from our galactic disk is monofractal. By analyzing separately spiral arms and the inter-arm regions, we have discovered an anisotropic signature and that the horizontal structures and more complex than the vertical structures. This anisotropy is independent of scale for the inter-arms while it is depedent of scale for the spiral arms. The investigated hypotheses to obtain some physical explanations are: the scale-height gradient, the density wave, star formation activity, photo-levitation of dusty clouds, random motions of neutral hydrogen clouds, corrugation and turbulence.

Nous présentons une nouvelle approche pour déterminer, d'une façon plus précise, l'indice spectral et sa variation spatiale dans les restes de supernova (RSN). Sachant que les RSNs sont des sources de rayonnement non-thermique (rayonnement synchrotron), nous éliminons la contribution du rayonnement thermique à l'aide de la corrélation entre le continu radio à 1420 MHz (CGPS) et le continu infrarouge à 60 pm (IRAS). De plus, nous étudions la contribution de l'émission de la poussière associée au gaz neutre HI. Cette contribution permet, à l'aide d'une simple soustraction, d'isoler l'émission associée au gaz ionisé (HII) seulement. La méthode a été appliquée à l'étude de l'indice spectral de cinq RSNs, soit G78.2+2.1, VRO 42.05.01, CTA1, Boucle du Cygne et HB 3. Dans certains cas, les indices spectraux obtenus sont significativement plus élevés que les valeurs obtenues précédemment.

The specific instances of R.H.W. Shepherd and H.I.E. Dhlomo are used in this thesis to investigate some of the many factors that influence the formation of a colonial literature, such as politics, social structures and personal ideals. By isolating the Lovedale Mission Press ~s a "contact zone" - a·place where the cultures of the colonizer and the colonized come into direct contact with each other - it is possible to trace how the interaction between these cultures shaped the writing of a particular African writer, H.I.E. Dhlomo. This is done through an analysis of historical factors that shaped the policy of the Lovedale Mission Press in the twentieth century: the development of liberalism in South Africa, the·role of the missionary in African education, the function ofa liberal magazine such as The South African Outlook and the appointment of an ambitious missionary, R.I.W. Shepherd, to the position of Director of Publications. This necessarily included a study of Shepherd's vision of African literature. On the other hand, this study takes cognisance of the factors that shaped Herbert Dhlomo's vision of literature: the development of African nationalism, the entrenchment of segregation as a politial doctrine, and most importantly, his struggle to have his creative writing published by the Lovedale Press. It is shown how Shepherd's vision of what African literature should entail contrasted with Dhlomo's, and how, as a result, Dhlomo deliberately structured his critical writing as a response to Shepherd's Eurocentric approach to African literature.