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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Enhanced Conditions for High Performance Machining of Hardened H13 Die Steel

Elfizy, Aml 08 1900 (has links)
The availability of sophisticated machine tools, together with advanced cutting tool designs and high performance coatings has allowed machining to meet many challenges. A significant remaining challenge is the competitive milling of hardened steels at moderate to high cutting speeds. This is of particular importance for the die and mould making industry. Despite the necessity to achieve higher production rates and improved surface finish, cutting speeds above the range of 300-600 m/min are still not possible. This limitation is due to the combination of high mechanical, thermal and chemical interactions that are taking place on the tool surface during cutting. To address this situation, an extensive amount of research has been focused on developments associated with hard coatings such as nano-multilayered hard PVD coatings that exhibit novel mechanical and thermal properties. The development of methodologies for designing a cutting tool with a strong cutting edge micro-geometry has set guidelines for selecting proper cutting edge preparation for specific cutting applications. The results indicate that, the development of new hard coating designs is the most effective way to improve the service life of coated carbide tools for hard high speed milling applications. The developments of both robust and rigid substrate designs with adaptive cutting edge micro-geometries assist the cutting tool performance by favoring the surface adaptability of the deposited coating. The developments of different strategies for dry air cooling that provide a "soft-cool" environment seem to have a beneficial impact on cutting performance and tool life improvement. Dry air cooling is found to be more effective than chilled-air cooling and minimum-quantity-lubrication (MQL). Therefore, the utilization of a cutting environment tailored to meet the requirements of both the tool and the coating while providing sufficient air flow to remove chips from the cutting zone will complement the adaptability of the whole tool-workpiece-chip system. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)
2

Estudo da influência do tratamento criogênico no aço AISI H13 / Study of the influence of cryogenic treatment in AISI H13 steels

Vales, Sandra dos Santos 21 February 2011 (has links)
Há alguns anos, diversos estudos da influência dos parâmetros do tratamento térmico vêm sendo desenvolvidos, para a obtenção de propriedades que permitam atingir os requisitos de trabalho e que gerem ferramentas de vida útil estendida. Nesse contexto, tem sido demonstrado que o tratamento criogênico não só provoca a transformação da austenita residual, trazendo melhorias no dimensional da ferramenta, mas também pode promover a precipitação de carbonetos finos, com ganho em tenacidade e propriedades de desgaste.Neste estudo são relatados os resultados obtidos de ensaios de dureza, desgaste, impacto Charpy e microscopia TEM, efetuado em amostras de aço H13.Os tratamentos térmicos foram realizados em forno a vácuo com resfriamento por nitrogênio sob 5 bar de pressão, sendo utilizados os seguintes parâmetros: austenitização1040ºC, têmpera, e revenimento a 540ºC. As amostras foram comparadas com a condição de base que passou por tratamento térmico convencional, as outras condições foram submetidas a um revenido alternado com o banho criogênico. Nas rotas criogênicas o tempo de encharque em nitrogênio líquido foi de 1, 24 e 48 horas. Uma análise desses resultados permitiu constatar que o tratamento criogênico melhora a resistência ao desgaste, e influencia levemente a dureza. / A few years ago, several studies of the influence of parameters heat treatment have been developed to obtain properties that could meet the job requirements and managing tools for extended life. In this context, it has been demonstrated that the cryogenic treatment not only causes the transformation of austenite residual, bringing improvements in dimensional tool, but also can promote the precipitation of fine carbides, and an increase in toughness and wear properties. In this study there are the results of the test of hardness, two body abrasion wear, Charpy impact followed by microscopy TEM analyses were performed in samples from H13 steel. The heat treatments were performed in a vacuum furnace with cooling by nitrogen under pressure of 5 bar, and used the following parameters: austenitizing 1040°C, quenching, and tempering at 540°C. The aim was compared the H13 performance under of conventional heat treatment and cryogenic bath after quenching and before tempering. Soaking times in the cryogenic temperature were: 1, 24, and 48 hours. Analyses this results has shown the heat treatment increased the wear resistance, and slightly affects the hardness.
3

Influência dos parâmetros de corte do fresamento HSM sobre o desempenho tribológico do aço AISI H13 endurecido. / Influence of HSM milling cutting parameters on tribological performance of hardened AISI H13 steel.

Hioki, Daniel 30 June 2006 (has links)
Desde a década de 90 o fresamento HSM é um processo aplicado na fabricação de moldes e matrizes e, mais especificamente, no acabamento destes componentes. Segundo um levantamento realizado pelo LFS/USP, entre usuários de moldes e matrizes da região de São Paulo, foi confirmada a existência da dispersão da vida de matrizes e moldes. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se esta dispersão está relacionada com os efeitos da usinagem, ou seja, dos parâmetros de corte sobre o desempenho tribológico (vida da matriz). Para isso foi necessário determinar a influência dos parâmetros de corte nas características da integridade da superfície e, por sua vez, como estas características afetam o desempenho. As amostras do aço AISI H13 foram usinadas por fresamento HSM com métodos adotados na fabricação de matrizes e moldes. Os parâmetros de corte investigados foram: velocidade de corte (vc), profundidade de corte (ap), penetração de trabalho (ae) e avanço por dente (fz). As características da integridade da superfície medidas foram: parâmetros de rugosidade pelo método de perfilometria 3D, espessura da camada branca por microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura, microdureza da superfície e das subcamadas na seção transversal e tensão residual por difração de raios-x. Após a caracterização, as amostras foram submetidas ao desgaste por deslizamento em um tribômetro na configuração pino-placa com movimento alternado, sob as condições de contorno próximas do forjamento a frio (pressão de contato, material da peça, matriz, velocidade de deslizamento e lubrificante) para posterior correlação com os parâmetros de corte. Nesta etapa, o corpo é a amostra de aço AISI H13 ? 565 HV fresada pela HSM e, o contra-corpo é pino de aço AISI 1020. No âmbito das variáveis investigadas é proposto um modelo capaz de prever o desempenho em função das características topográficas (Str, Sq, índice de formação de cavidades - IFC) e da tensão residual. A camada branca intensamente investigada na literatura não apresentou influência devido a sua formação ocorrer no vale e não nos cumes onde ocorrem os contatos. / Since 90, the HSM milling process to manufacture dies and molds has been applied and, more specifically, in finishing operation those components. In according to LFS/USP survey, among São Paulo region dies and molds users, the dies and molds life dispersion has been confirmed. This dispersion can be related with machining effects on tribological performance and, therefore, on dies and molds life and has not be explained by scientific community yet. Thus, the objective of this work is to verify if this dispersion is related with cutting parameters effects on tribological performance. In order to do it was necessary to determine the cutting parameters influence on surface integrity characteristics and how this characteristic affects the performance. AISI H13 Steel samples were machined by HSM milling by using manufacturing dies and molds methods. The investigated cutting parameters were: cutting speed (vc), cutting depth (ap), working engagement (ae) and feed per tooth (fz). The surface integrity characteristics measured were: roughness parameters by 3D profilometer method, white layer thickness by optical and scanning electronic microscopy, surface and transversal sub-layers section microhardness and residual stresses by x-ray diffraction. Before characterization, the tribometer in pin-plate with alternate movement configuration was performed to sliding wear the samples nearly cold forging conditions, to posterior correlation with cutting parameters. In this stage, the body was the AISI H13? 565 HV steel HSM milling samples and, the counter-body was pin of AISI 1020 steel. In the investigated parameter ambit one model is proposed which is able to predict the performance in topography character functions (Str, Sq, cavity formation index - CFI) and residual stresses. The white layer, which was intensely investigated by other researchers, has no significant influence because its formation occurs in the valley and not at the summits where the contacts occur.
4

Influência dos parâmetros de corte do fresamento HSM sobre o desempenho tribológico do aço AISI H13 endurecido. / Influence of HSM milling cutting parameters on tribological performance of hardened AISI H13 steel.

Daniel Hioki 30 June 2006 (has links)
Desde a década de 90 o fresamento HSM é um processo aplicado na fabricação de moldes e matrizes e, mais especificamente, no acabamento destes componentes. Segundo um levantamento realizado pelo LFS/USP, entre usuários de moldes e matrizes da região de São Paulo, foi confirmada a existência da dispersão da vida de matrizes e moldes. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se esta dispersão está relacionada com os efeitos da usinagem, ou seja, dos parâmetros de corte sobre o desempenho tribológico (vida da matriz). Para isso foi necessário determinar a influência dos parâmetros de corte nas características da integridade da superfície e, por sua vez, como estas características afetam o desempenho. As amostras do aço AISI H13 foram usinadas por fresamento HSM com métodos adotados na fabricação de matrizes e moldes. Os parâmetros de corte investigados foram: velocidade de corte (vc), profundidade de corte (ap), penetração de trabalho (ae) e avanço por dente (fz). As características da integridade da superfície medidas foram: parâmetros de rugosidade pelo método de perfilometria 3D, espessura da camada branca por microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura, microdureza da superfície e das subcamadas na seção transversal e tensão residual por difração de raios-x. Após a caracterização, as amostras foram submetidas ao desgaste por deslizamento em um tribômetro na configuração pino-placa com movimento alternado, sob as condições de contorno próximas do forjamento a frio (pressão de contato, material da peça, matriz, velocidade de deslizamento e lubrificante) para posterior correlação com os parâmetros de corte. Nesta etapa, o corpo é a amostra de aço AISI H13 ? 565 HV fresada pela HSM e, o contra-corpo é pino de aço AISI 1020. No âmbito das variáveis investigadas é proposto um modelo capaz de prever o desempenho em função das características topográficas (Str, Sq, índice de formação de cavidades - IFC) e da tensão residual. A camada branca intensamente investigada na literatura não apresentou influência devido a sua formação ocorrer no vale e não nos cumes onde ocorrem os contatos. / Since 90, the HSM milling process to manufacture dies and molds has been applied and, more specifically, in finishing operation those components. In according to LFS/USP survey, among São Paulo region dies and molds users, the dies and molds life dispersion has been confirmed. This dispersion can be related with machining effects on tribological performance and, therefore, on dies and molds life and has not be explained by scientific community yet. Thus, the objective of this work is to verify if this dispersion is related with cutting parameters effects on tribological performance. In order to do it was necessary to determine the cutting parameters influence on surface integrity characteristics and how this characteristic affects the performance. AISI H13 Steel samples were machined by HSM milling by using manufacturing dies and molds methods. The investigated cutting parameters were: cutting speed (vc), cutting depth (ap), working engagement (ae) and feed per tooth (fz). The surface integrity characteristics measured were: roughness parameters by 3D profilometer method, white layer thickness by optical and scanning electronic microscopy, surface and transversal sub-layers section microhardness and residual stresses by x-ray diffraction. Before characterization, the tribometer in pin-plate with alternate movement configuration was performed to sliding wear the samples nearly cold forging conditions, to posterior correlation with cutting parameters. In this stage, the body was the AISI H13? 565 HV steel HSM milling samples and, the counter-body was pin of AISI 1020 steel. In the investigated parameter ambit one model is proposed which is able to predict the performance in topography character functions (Str, Sq, cavity formation index - CFI) and residual stresses. The white layer, which was intensely investigated by other researchers, has no significant influence because its formation occurs in the valley and not at the summits where the contacts occur.
5

Estudo da influência do tratamento criogênico no aço AISI H13 / Study of the influence of cryogenic treatment in AISI H13 steels

Sandra dos Santos Vales 21 February 2011 (has links)
Há alguns anos, diversos estudos da influência dos parâmetros do tratamento térmico vêm sendo desenvolvidos, para a obtenção de propriedades que permitam atingir os requisitos de trabalho e que gerem ferramentas de vida útil estendida. Nesse contexto, tem sido demonstrado que o tratamento criogênico não só provoca a transformação da austenita residual, trazendo melhorias no dimensional da ferramenta, mas também pode promover a precipitação de carbonetos finos, com ganho em tenacidade e propriedades de desgaste.Neste estudo são relatados os resultados obtidos de ensaios de dureza, desgaste, impacto Charpy e microscopia TEM, efetuado em amostras de aço H13.Os tratamentos térmicos foram realizados em forno a vácuo com resfriamento por nitrogênio sob 5 bar de pressão, sendo utilizados os seguintes parâmetros: austenitização1040ºC, têmpera, e revenimento a 540ºC. As amostras foram comparadas com a condição de base que passou por tratamento térmico convencional, as outras condições foram submetidas a um revenido alternado com o banho criogênico. Nas rotas criogênicas o tempo de encharque em nitrogênio líquido foi de 1, 24 e 48 horas. Uma análise desses resultados permitiu constatar que o tratamento criogênico melhora a resistência ao desgaste, e influencia levemente a dureza. / A few years ago, several studies of the influence of parameters heat treatment have been developed to obtain properties that could meet the job requirements and managing tools for extended life. In this context, it has been demonstrated that the cryogenic treatment not only causes the transformation of austenite residual, bringing improvements in dimensional tool, but also can promote the precipitation of fine carbides, and an increase in toughness and wear properties. In this study there are the results of the test of hardness, two body abrasion wear, Charpy impact followed by microscopy TEM analyses were performed in samples from H13 steel. The heat treatments were performed in a vacuum furnace with cooling by nitrogen under pressure of 5 bar, and used the following parameters: austenitizing 1040°C, quenching, and tempering at 540°C. The aim was compared the H13 performance under of conventional heat treatment and cryogenic bath after quenching and before tempering. Soaking times in the cryogenic temperature were: 1, 24, and 48 hours. Analyses this results has shown the heat treatment increased the wear resistance, and slightly affects the hardness.
6

Thermo-mechanical Analysis of LENS [Trademark] Deposited Bimetallic (Steel-Copper) Parts

Talukdar, Tushar K 11 August 2012 (has links)
A thermo-mechanical finite element model is developed to determine the temperature history and residual stresses in a Cu-H13 thin-walled plate deposited by the Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENSTM) process. The same model is also applied to a H13-H13 sample to compare the results. The input laser power is adjusted to maintain a steady molten pool size and depth. For a constant scanning speed the laser power decreases with the addition of more layers, and with the increase of scanning speed the laser power needs to be increased. The Z-component of residual stresses is greater than the other components, and is compressive near the center of the wall and tensile at the free edges. The residual stress levels near the free edges are higher in the H13-H13 sample than in the Cu-H13 sample. In these regions, the use of unidirectional scanning results in a higher stress accumulation than the alternating scanning.
7

Dimensional Changes of Investment Cast H13 Tool Steel : Measurement and Numerical Modelling

Morwood, Gregory David Unknown Date (has links)
The recent development of prototyping systems which can produce patterns for investment casting with significant time reduction from traditional techniques, has raised interest in the use of casting as a method to produce tooling for downstream prototype testing. However, the accuracy of the casting process remains a major obstacle to the use of these tools. Simultaneous development of numerical modelling techniques suggest that it will be possible to predict casting contraction and distortion. If this were possible, corrections could be made before castings are produced, resulting in time and cost savings, as well as potential improvement in the accuracy. Before these models can be applied, there is a need for both material property data and experimental data with which to validate the numerical models. The aims of this work are to: 1) Develop further understanding of the processes in investment casting that contribute to the dimensional changes and variability. 2) Develop the required data for numerical modelling and apply this to simulate the dimensional changes in investment casting. An apparatus has been designed to measure the dimensional and thermal history of investment castings with displacement transducers and thermocouples. Casting dimensions were also accurately measured to determine the final contraction of nominally unconstrained and thermally constrained castings. Numerical simulations of the temperatures, stress and distortion were compared with the experimental results and provide a detailed explanation of the processes involved. Data for these simulations were developed using a combination of direct measurement and iterative inverse modelling.
8

PREDICTION OF THERMAL DISTORTION AND THERMAL FATIGUE IN SHOT SLEEVES

Shi, Qi 18 October 2002 (has links)
No description available.
9

Influência da boretação com pó na resistência ao desgaste, corrosão e oxidação dos aços AISI 1060 e AISI H13 / Influence of pack boriding on the wear, corrosion and oxidation resistance of AISI 1060 and AISI H13 steels

Heck, Stênio Cristaldo 22 July 2010 (has links)
Neste trabalho estudou-se o efeito do tratamento de boretação na resistência ao desgaste, corrosão e oxidação dos aços AISI 1060 e AISI H13. As amostras dos aços foram boretadas com pó a 900 e 1000°C por 2 e 4 horas. Foram realizados ensaios de microdesgaste em máquina do tipo esfera fixa, sem uso de abrasivos, nas amostras boretadas e não boretadas. A resistência à corrosão, das amostras boretadas e não boretadas, em HCl 0.1M foi avaliada por ensaios de polarização potenciodinâmica. Ensaios de oxidação do tipo quase-isotérmica foram realizados nas amostras, utilizando temperatura de 550°C ao ar. Para todas as condições de tratamento empregadas foram formadas camadas de boretos com elevadas durezas sobre os substratos. As propriedades das camadas como dureza, espessura, morfologia da interface camada/substrato e as fases presentes, foram influenciadas pelas composições dos aços. No caso do aço AISI H13, que possui maior quantidade de elementos de liga, as camadas formadas foram mais duras, menos espessas, com interface lisa, e para todas as condições de tratamento foram formadas os compostos de boro Fe2B, FeB e CrB. Já no aço AISI 1060 as interfaces camada/substrato foram do tipo dentada e para a temperatura de boretação de 900°C apenas a fase Fe2B foi formada, aparecendo o FeB a partir da temperatura de boretação de 1000°C. A resistência ao desgaste, corrosão e oxidação dos aços boretados aumentou significativamente, sendo que em relação ao desgaste, os melhores resultados foram obtidos com as amostras boretadas a 1000°C. Quanto à oxidação, os dois aços boretados a 900°C por 2h apresentaram os melhores desempenhos, e quanto à corrosão, os parâmetros do tratamento de boretação não influenciaram significativamente os desempenhos. / In this work the effect of pack boriding on wear, corrosion and oxidation resistance of AISI 1060 and AISI H13 steels were studied. Samples of the steels were pack borided at 900 and 1000°C for periods of 2 and 4h. Fixed-ball microwear tests were performed on borided and non-borided samples, without use of abrasives. The samples corrosion resistances, in HCl 0.1M, were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization tests. Quasiisothermal oxidation tests were performed at 550°C on air. High hard layers were formed on steels for all treatment conditions employed. The layers properties, such as hardness, thickness, layer/substrate interface morphology and phases formed, were influenced by steels compositions. For AISI H13 steel, which has a larger amount of lloying elements, the formed layers were arder, thinner, with smooth interface and for all treatments conditions the compounds Fe2B, FeB and CrB were formed. For borided AISI 1060 steel, the layer/substrate interfaces showed a saw-tooth morphology and for boriding temperature of 900°C only the Fe2B phase were formed, appearing FeB for boriding temperature of 1000°C. The wear, corrosion and oxidation resistances of borided steels significantly increased and in relation to wear, the best results were btained with the samples borided at 1000°C. In oxidation case, both steels borided at 900°C for 2h showed the best performances, and with respect to corrosion, boriding treatments parameters did not significantly affect the performances.
10

Caracterização de camadas produzidas por boretação e boretação-PVD nos aços AISI H13 e AISI D2 / Characterization of layers produced by PVD-boriding and boriding on AISI H13 and AISI D2 steels

Pereira, Ricardo Gomes 10 July 2013 (has links)
Neste trabalho foram produzidas camadas de boretos de elevadas durezas e resistências ao desgaste nos aços AISI H13 e AISI D2, por meio de tratamento termo-reativo em banho de bórax com adição de 10% de alumínio. Posteriormente foram realizados tratamentos pela técnica PVD sobre as camadas de boretos. As amostras foram caracterizadas por meio de microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, ensaios de dureza e ensaios de micro desgaste abrasivo com esfera livre. Para ambos os materiais, os tempos de tratamento de boretação foram de 4 horas, seguido de resfriamento em óleo ou ao ar. As camadas produzidas por boretação no caso do aço AISI H13 apresentaram espessura média de 70 μm e para o aço AISI D2 espessura média de 100 μm. As durezas das camadas de boretos produzidas variaram de 1500 a 1700 HV. Os ensaios de micro desgaste abrasivos com esfera livre foram realizados com uso de solução abrasiva de carboneto de silício. Todas as camadas produzidas apresentaram resistências ao desgaste muito superiores as dos substratos. As amostras com tratamentos duplex boretação-PVD apresentaram os melhores desempenhos ao desgaste, seguidas pelo aço AISI D2 e AISI H13 boretados e por último os aços AISI D2 e AISI H13 temperados e revenidos. / Borides layers with high hardness and wear resistances were produced on AISI H13 and AISI D2 steels by thermo-reactive treatment in borax added with 10% of aluminum. Subsequently, treatments by the PVD technique were performed on the layers of borides. The samples were characterized using Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, hardness testing and free-ball micro abrasive wear test. For both materials, the boriding treatment times were 4 hours long, followed by cooling in oil or air. In the case of AISI H13, the layers produced by boriding showed an average thickness of 70 μm while AISI D2 steel presented an average thickness of 100 μm. The hardness of the produced boride layers ranged from 1500 to 1700 HV. The micro abrasive wear tests were performed using abrasive solution of silicon carbide. All produced layers showed wear resistance much higher than the substrates. Samples with treatments duplex PVD-boriding presented the best wear performances, followed by AISI D2 and AISI H13 borated steels and finally, AISI D2 and AISI H13 steels quenched and tempered.

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