京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17957号 / 工博第3805号 / 新制||工||1582(附属図書館) / 30787 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科化学工学専攻 / (主査)教授 長谷部 伸治, 教授 田門 肇, 教授 大嶋 正裕 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

La distillation est une opération unitaire de séparation qui est largement utilisée. Toutefois, lorsque les volatilités des corps à séparer sont proches, le besoin en énergie de la colonne augmente, et l’efficacité énergétique du procédé de séparation diminue. Ainsi, la faiblesse de la distillation est son efficacité énergétique (au maximum 10 %). La réduction de la consommation énergétique des colonnes à distiller est donc un enjeu majeur dans le contexte énergétique actuel. Une des voies prometteuses est les colonnes à distiller dites HIDiC (Heat Integrated Distillation Column). Dans ce type de configuration, la colonne est scindée en deux colonnes : une colonne d’appauvrissement et une colonne d’enrichissement. La colonne d’appauvrissement opère à un niveau de pression plus faible que la colonne d’enrichissement. Un compresseur ainsi qu’une vanne de détente sont installés pour ajuster les niveaux de pression respectifs dans les deux parties. La différence de pression ainsi établie permet d’imposer une différence de températures qui offre la possibilité de transférer de l’énergie entre les deux colonnes par l’intermédiaire d’une technologie de transfert de chaleur. Dans un premier temps, l’objet de cette étude est de valider une nouvelle technologie de transfert thermique pour les colonnes concentriques HIDiC. Cette technologie innovante, Mousse métallique à cellules ouvertes, est caractérisée et validée en comparant avec un garnissage classique. Pour cela, un pilote expérimental de colonne concentrique contenant le garnissage structuré a été mis en oeuvre au laboratoire. Les résultats des mousses métalliques ont montré une performance thermique plus importante que le garnissage classique avec un gain moyen de 102 %. La conductance thermique des mousses métallique à cellules ouvertes obtenue expérimentalement est de 1285 W.K-1. Ces résultats confirment l’intérêt de l’utilisation du garnissage innovant dans les colonnes de distillation HIDiC en tant que technologie de transfert de chaleur. Dans un deuxième temps, un outil de simulation des colonnes HIDiC est développé dans le logiciel commercial ProSim Plus™®. Par rapport aux colonnes de distillation conventionnelles, les colonnes HIDiC possèdent des paramètres spécifiques tels que le rapport de pression et le profil d’échange de chaleur entre les deux sections de la colonne. Une procédure d’optimisation est élaborée afin d’obtenir une colonne HIDiC avec un coût total annuel « TAC » minimal et une distribution énergétique optimale. La méthode stochastique est adoptée avec un algorithme génétique « AG » ou l’initialisation des variables d’action n’est pas nécessaire. Deux études de cas sont effectuées. L’une est un système largement étudié dans la littérature, le mélange (Benzène/Toluène). La procédure de conception et d’optimisation est évaluée. Une réduction du TAC de 7,4 % et 13,9 % est obtenue par rapport aux précédents travaux de la littérature. L’autre étude de cas est un mélange binaire (Cyclohexane/n-Heptane). Les résultats de la simulation concernant les quantités d’énergie échangées de la colonne d’enrichissement vers la colonne d’appauvrissement sont validés en vérifiant la faisabilité du transfert thermique par la conductance thermique de la technologie innovante obtenue expérimentalement UA (W.K-1). / Distillation is the most applied separation technology. Its major drawback is the low thermodynamic efficiency (typically around 10 %). In response to environmental issues that concern energy consumption of distillation column, HIDiC (heat integrated distillation column) which combines advantages of vapor recompression and diabatic operation is expected to have a large impact on energy saving. The mixtures with close boiling point are confirmed to be the best candidates for HIDiC. In fact, in this configuration the rectifying section and the stripping section are separated. Heat is transferred inside the distillation column from the rectifying to the stripping section, because the operating pressure (and thus the temperature) of the rectifying section is increased by means of the compressor. First, a novel technology of heat and mass transfer between rectifying column and stripping column is characterized and validated on an experimental pilot. A concentric HIDiC which contains metal foam packing is designed. Compared to the Raschig Super-Ring results, the heat transfer in this structured packing is more efficient, with a gain up to 102 %. The obtained thermal conductance UA (W.K-1) of the innovative column packing is 1285 W.K-1. This confirms the purpose of open cell metal foams use in HIDiC as a heat transfer technology. Secondly, the aim of this study is to optimize the HIDiC sensitive parameters so as to minimize the Total Annual Cost (TAC). For this, a HIDiC simulation model is developed by using commercial software ProSim Plus™®. GA (Genetic Algorithm) is used to find the optimal HIDiC configuration where variables are optimized without initialization. Binary (Benzene/Toluene) separation case is examined for the evaluation of the proposed method. As a result, 7.4 % and 13.9 % TAC reductions are realized in comparison with the reported solutions in previous works. Binary (Cyclohexane/n-Heptane) is studied to evaluate the physical feasibility of heat transfer between rectifying and stripping column by the experimental thermal conductance (UA experimental [W.K-1]) of the innovative column packing.

Orientador: Maria Regina Wolf Maciel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T13:05:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonPulido_Jeffrey_M.pdf: 4335484 bytes, checksum: 1254077c83c41b27fa94e266ba5cb9c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Os processos de separação são amplamente usados na indústria petrolífera e alcoolquímica. O processo de destilação representa por volta de 40% dos custos da energia requerida nas operações industriais e grande quantidade de energia do processo não é aproveitada, sendo perdida ao ambiente. No Brasil, devido aos avanços industriais e à necessidade do mercado energético, inovações ao processo convencional de separação são essenciais para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias e projetos que permitam uma diminuição do consumo de energia. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido o estudo do novo conceito de Coluna de Destilação com Integração Interna de Calor (CDIIC) a qual é referenciada na literatura como coluna HIDiC (Heat Integrated Distillation Column) na qual a seção de retificação opera a pressões e temperaturas maiores que a seção de esgotamento; assim, aproveita-se o calor da seção de retificação para aquecer a seção de esgotamento. O simulador de processos Aspen Plus V7.2 foi utilizado para o estudo e a implementação de uma modelagem da configuração no simulador, a qual é uma modelagem aproximada, pois o mesmo não possui este tipo de Operação Unitária. As simulações desenvolvidas foram feitas visando os cenários mais realistas que descrevessem a nova configuração, simplificando as complexidades do projeto e criando estratégias de convergência que permitam o estudo do potencial de diminuição do consumo de energia desta configuração. Na coluna CDIIC, as seções de retificação e de esgotamento se encontram dispostas de forma concêntrica e para garantir a operabilidade são usados um compressor e uma válvula para obter as temperaturas e pressões necessárias ao sistema. Na atualidade, esta configuração não é uma realidade na indústria sendo o projeto interno o de maior complexidade, além da falta de dados experimentais da coluna em uma escala suficientemente adequada para comparações. Na coluna CDIIC, estudos de transferência de calor foram realizados indicando os parâmetros de processo, como posição de alimentação, quantidade de calor trocado e possíveis configurações internas. Até o momento, aqui no Brasil, ainda não se encontram trabalhos publicados na área. Pela faixa de aplicabilidade, a coluna CDIIC terá muitas aplicações importantes, seja na área petroquímica, seja na alcoolquímica, sendo uma alternativa com potencial para a diminuição do consumo de energia em processos de destilação / Abstract: The separation processes are largely used in petroleum and alcohol-chemical industries. The distillation process represents around 40% of energy costs in industrial operation, thus large among of energy of the process is not used and it is lost to the surrounding. In Brazil, industrial developments and the need of energy market allowed innovations to the conventional separation process. This is essential for the development of new strategies and designs that enable a reduction in energy consumption. In the present work a study of the new concept of Heat Integrated Distillation Colum which is referenced in literature as HIDiC column was developed. In this column, the rectifying section operates at higher pressures and temperatures than the stripping section. Thus, the heat of rectifying section is used to heat the stripping section. The Aspen Plus V7.2 software was used for the study of column configuration and the potential of heat transfer, since it does not have this type of unit operation. The simulations shows a more realistic situation able to model the new configuration, simplifying the complexities of design and creating strategies that facilitate the study of the potential for reducing the energy consumption of this configuration. In HIDiC column, the rectifying and stripping section are concentrically and to ensure operability a compressor and throttle valve are applied to achieve the temperatures and pressures required by the system. Currently, this configuration is not a reality in the industry, because the lack of experimental data from the column. In addition, the complexity of internal configuration needs to be solved. In HIDiC column, heat transfer studies were performed showing the process parameters such as feed position, amount of heat exchanged and the initial concentration. So far, in Brazil has not been published works about this technology. The range of applicability of HIDiC column has many important applications in petrochemical and alcohol-chemical industries and it represents an alternative for reducing the energy consumption in distillation process / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química