1 |
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HIV/AIDS of hotel staff from a selected hotel group in Cape TownMohammed, Amina January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. / The HIV/AIDS pandemic poses one of the greatest challenges to business
development in South Africa. The hotel industry is growing rapidly and will be
. significantly affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The purpose of this study was
to determine the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) regarding HIV/AIDS
of staff from nine Protea group hotels in Cape Town. A sample of 200 hotel staff
was randomly selected to participate. A structured self-administered anonymous
questionnaire was the instrument used to collect the data.
The response rate was 81%. There were more females than males, and the
majority of the respondents were between the ages of 21-30 years. More than
half of the respondents were single, hotel managers and with matriculation as the
highest qualification. The respondents demonstrated a reasonably good
knowledge on the transmission of HIV/AIDS. Almost half of the respondents
believed that HIV/AIDS would not affect the hotel industry. The survey revealed
conflicting results on whether HIV-infected staff should be involved in food
preparation, and whether staff should serve food to HIV positive hotel guests.
There were also concerns of the risk of infection when handling dirty linen used
by HIV-infected hotel guests.
More males than females were currently sexually active and reported having
more than one partner in the past three years. The majority of the respondents
believed that condoms were effective, but only one third reported the use of a
condom every time they had a sexual encounter. There was a significant
relationship between knowledge and attitudes (p-value<0.05, but none between
knowledge and practice and attitude and practice.
It is recommended that the hotel industry develop effective workplace policies
and supportive environments, and that on-going HIV/AIDS education and
prevention programmes be implemented to change high risk sexual behaviour
and practices.
|
2 |
The apoptotic potential of different HIV-1 subtype C Tat mutations in cell cultureIsaacs, Shahieda 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / Bibliography / The efficiency in which HIV-1 can infect, spread and evade the attack of therapeutic
agents can be attributed to a high mutation rate and frequent recombination events.
These factors have collectively contributed to the diversity observed in HIV-1 and
resulted in a multitude of subtypes, sub-subtypes, circulating recombinant forms
(CRF’s) and unique recombinant forms (URF’s). The aim of this study was to
investigate HIV-1 diversity in Cape Town using a small cohort of treatment naive
patients being investigated for HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND).
Four different genomic domains: gag, pol, accessory and gp41 genes were
sequenced to subtype the virus. HIV-1 tat was further investigated because the
dicysteine motif has been reported to play a role in HAND. Viral RNA and proviral
DNA was extracted from 64 patients and used for the amplification and sequencing
of the genes. Rega and jpHMM online tools were used to identify HIV-1 subtypes
and recombinants while Neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees were constructed for
phylogenetic analysis. The pol gene was further investigated using SCUEAL to
detect possible intra-subtype recombination and was also screened for the presence
of transmitted drug resistance. In addition tat sequence datasets retrieved from the
Los Alamos sequence database were investigated and compared with the newly
generated sequences for the detection of point mutations and amino acid signature
patterns. Sequencing identified most of the samples as subtype C; however six inter-subtype
recombinants (AE, A1G, A1CU and two BC) and 9 intra-subtype C recombinants
were identified. In addition 13% of pol sequences were identified with resistance
mutations. Signature pattern analysis identified a high level of variability in the tat
sequences: 68% were identified with C30S31; 29% with the C30C31 mutation and a
single sequence with a novel mutation C30A31. Functional analysis of these
mutations indicated that all mutations investigated were capable of inducing
apoptosis in cell culture. The C30C31 mutation generated the highest level of
apoptosis, closely followed by the C30A31 mutation. However no statistical
significance could be detected between tat mutations and the observed levels of
apoptosis.
|
3 |
The value of participatory and non-participatory implementation and evaluation methodologies of HIV/AIDS communication-based interventions in southern Africa.Niba, Mercy Bi. January 2004 (has links)
HIV/AIDS is an epidemic that is in one way or another affecting humankind and particularly the African continent. Due to its devastating nature, many strategies and interventions are being employed at different levels and by different groups of people to fight it. Evaluation has been a component of these projects, but few have been subjected to systematic monitoring and evaluation that provides a foundation for the development and implementation of further projects. This is partly due to the fact that project implementation and evaluation can be rendered complex by several factors, such as the choice of methodologies, donor satisfaction and the very nature of interventions and evaluations themselves. Taking a situation where the aim of a project and its evaluation is to bring about social change, as is the case with many HIV/AIDS interventions, this study sought to investigate approaches that could be considered meaningful, useful and valuable. In order to carry out the investigation of this study, the approach taken was an in-depth analysis of a few cases (in anticipation of greater achievement of insight), rather than broader survey types of perspectives. The study also concentrated on a review of the literature and on validation of documentary and interview evidence provided by beneficiaries, managerial staff and evaluators of communication-based HIV/AIDS. Results of the study highlighted the fact that community-based factors, such as education, poverty, culture, beliefs, gender, crime and age, influenced social change (with respect to HIV/AIDS) in varying ways and depending on the communities concerned. The different ways in which these factors influenced social change within specific communities were noted to have implications on interventions dealing with them. As such, an in-depth assessment of these different ways with respect to specific groups of people was encouraged in order to have a meaningful, useful and valuable HIV/AIDS intervention. The theory of active participation of targeted communities was also propagated in an HIV/AIDS intervention. It was noted that when active participation is encouraged in a project at both implementation and evaluation, taking the example of an HIV/AIDS project that intended achieving group knowledge acquisition, awareness, attitude change, skills acquisition, effective functioning and sustainability, such participation would contribute to: • Override to a great extent, limitations arising from socio-demographic differences (project locations and gender, language, age and race of implementers, evaluators and beneficiaries), in the attainment of project objectives. • Override to a great extent, limitations arising from differences in forms of evaluation (internal versus external evaluators), in the assessment of project objectives. • Create an enabling environment for higher attainment of project objectives in comparison to a situation where active participation is encouraged only at implementation (and not at evaluation). It was further discovered from this study that when beneficiaries are excluded from participating in the planning, action-planning and result-feedback stages of a project and its evaluation, dissatisfaction is experienced on the part of these beneficiaries as well as missed opportunities for useful contributions. The degree and quality of beneficiary involvement in project implementation and evaluation was seen to generate beneficiary excitement and a general sense of project acceptance: all of which was noted to create an enabling environment for the making of proper choices and decisions. Finally, difficulty in accessing traditional evaluations and people's feeling of shame and ineffectiveness was noted in the work (in the area of collecting data pertaining to traditional evaluation). This pointed to possible compromise of meaningfulness, usefulness and value of traditional evaluations. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.
|
4 |
The role of chemokine and chemokine receptor genes in genetic susceptibility to HIV infection in South AfricaPetersen, Desiree C. 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT:
Please see fulltext for abstract / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:
Sien asb volteks vir opsomming
|
5 |
Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 in MpumalangaMsimanga, Wela Patrick 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / The diversity of HIV-1 sequences derived from patients in Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga, was investigated. The gag p24, pol p10 and p66/p51, pol p31 and env gp41 gene fragments from 51 patients were amplified and sequenced. Quality control on the sequences was carried out using the LANL QC online tool. HIV-1 subtype was assigned using the LANL QC (RIP), REGA and jpHMM online tools. Subtype for the pol gene fragment was further designated using the SCUEAL online tool. Most of the sequences, that is 89%, belonged to HIV-1 subtype C. LANL QC (RIP), REGA, jpHMM also detected recombinants in 11% of the sequences. One of the isolates could only have the env gp41 gene fragment amplified and sequenced, which was determined to be HIV-1 subtype B. Phylogenetic analysis using the Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Likelihood methods from MEGA v 5 showed that, except for the env gp41 designated as a subtype B, all sequences in the study clustered with HIV-1 subtype C. Significantly, phylogenetic analysis showed that not only are the Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga sequences related to HIV-1 subtype C sequences from southern Africa, India, Ethiopia and Brazil, but it is possible there has been multiple introductions of HIV-1 in the province. SDRMs were observed in two samples.
|
6 |
HIV-related sexual risk behaviour, parenting styles and socio-economic status in South African adolescents.Westcott, Alexandra 20 March 2013 (has links)
With increasing rates of HIV prevalence in South Africa, research focus is on examining factors that
may affect HIV-related sexual risk behaviour, especially in adolescents. Two such factors, parenting
styles and socio-economic status (SES) have been highlighted. Despite remarkable consistence in
parenting style research, with the authoritative parenting style reliably associated with positive
outcomes, the applicability of this model in diverse contexts is questioned given that the majority of
this research was conducted in White, middle-class populations. Both parenting practices and SES
have produced some inconsistent results in relation to sexual risk behaviours; where results have
been dependable, they have failed to account for the mechanisms influencing such relationships.
The current study aimed to determine if the documented parenting styles – and SES - sexual risk
behaviour relationships could be found in 366 South African adolescents. The study also explored
parenting style as a moderator and/or a mediator in the SES – sexual risk behaviour relationship, and
SES as a moderator on the parenting style – sexual risk behaviour model. The participants
completed adapted self report questionnaires (Parenting Style Index (PSI) and Adolescent Sexual
Risk Behaviour Questionnaire) and a self-developed biographical questionnaire. Both the parenting
styles – sexual risk behaviour and the SES – sexual risk behaviour relationships were found (r =-.21
and -.24 respectively, p <.0001). While the mediation model was disproven, SES and parenting style
were both found to act as moderators (F6, 363=2.15, p=.0469). These results are valuable in terms of
providing knowledge that may help to develop relevant and effective sexual risk behaviour
intervention programmes, as well as adding richness to the current fields of parenting style, and
sexual risk behaviour research.
|
7 |
Clinical and epidemiological aspects of HIV and Hepatitis C virus co-infection in KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.Parboosing, Raveen. January 2008 (has links)
HIV is known to affect the epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis and natural history of HCV infection whilst studies on the effects of HCV on HIV have shown conflicting results and are confounded by the influence of intravenous drug use and anti-retroviral therapy. This study was conducted in KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa where HIV is predominantly a sexually transmitted infection. Intravenous drug use is rare in this region and the study population was naive to anti-retroviral therapy. For this study, specimens from selected sentinel sites submitted to a central laboratory for routine HIV testing were screened for anti-HCV IgG antibodies. HIV positive HCV-positive patients were compared to HIV-positive HCV-negative patients in a subgroup of patients within this cohort in order to determine if HCV sero-prevalence was associated with clinical outcomes in a linked anonymous retrospective chart survey. The prevalence of HCV was 6.4% and that of HIV, 40.2%. There was a significantly higher prevalence of HCV among HIV infected patients as compared to HIV negative patients (13.4% vs. 1.73% respectively). HCV-HIV co-infected patients had significantly increased mortality (8.3 vs. 21%). A significant association was found between HCV serostatus and abnormal urea and creatinine levels. Hepatitis B surface antigen seropo-sitivity was not found to be a confounding factor. This study has found that hepatitis C co-infection is more common in HIV positive individuals and is associated with an increased mortality and renal morbidity. / Thesis (M.Med.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.
|
8 |
HIV/AIDS : a risk management perspective.Karim, Anisa. January 2004 (has links)
The emergence of renewed emphasis on risk and risk management has opened a huge portal in attempting to deal with the negative impacts of mv/AIDS in the workplace. The study recognises the importance of risk management in achieving optimal benefits within any organisation. Furthermore it examines the devastating effect of mv/AIDS on the social and economic structure of South Africa and provides a benchmark programme in addressing this Issue. A case study is presented (Care for the Caregivers Programme, at McCord Hospital), which provides the framework of a programme in operation. The dissertation dissects the programme and evaluates the outcomes against a set of developed criteria. In maximising the benefits of such programmes, emphasis on proper implementation and monitoring is essential. The study proceeds to provide suggestions to harness the full potential ofthe programme. v / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2004.
|
9 |
HIV/AIDS and the implications for management of the corporate sector in South Africa.Naidu, Neranjini. January 2003 (has links)
This study endeavoured to critically appraise the current models that have
been designed to evaluate the HIVI AIDS epidemic. The flaw with the models
is that they are not based on adequate data. Subsequently, the incorporation
of the epidemic variables into Corporate Management has been lethargic
especially with respect to small and medium business enterprises in South
Africa. Nevertheless, larger corporations have evaluated the impact of the
HIVI AIDS epidemic in their individual companies that provide results on the
magnitude of the epidemic on the corporate sector. A careful analysis of these
results taking into account the nature of the business will allow for more
realistic inferences of the skill demographic magnitude of the epidemic from
which smaller companies that have not embarked on studies can have a
platform to assess the potential magnitude of the disease and this forms the
backbone of the disease. Once this is recognised and incorporated into the
mindset of companies, then strategic decisions have to be taken to minimise
the impact of the epidemic on the business functions to ensure firstly
sustainability and then profitability. Recommendations are outlined in the
study based on the experiences of the larger corporate players that have
performed the appropriate analysis for this and the actions that have been
instituted. Thereafter the thesis substantiates the need for implementing
strategies to deal with HIVI AIDS and the goals that companies should aspire.
Lastly, based on workplace programs that have already been successfully
incorporated into companies, the analysis and the program implementation is
outlined. / Thesis (MBA)-University of Natal, 2003.
|
10 |
Striving against adversity : the dynamics of migration, health and poverty in rural South Africa /Collinson, Mark A, January 2009 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2009. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
|
Page generated in 0.0199 seconds