Introduktion: Hälsokompetens är viktigt för individen för att på ett adekvat sätt kunna ta till sig hälsoinformation, bearbeta, reflektera samt omvandla kunskaperna till praktik. Skolan är en viktig arena för hälsofrämjande arbete, då elever oavsett bakgrund ingår i skolsystemet. Grundskolläraren har en viktig roll i det hälsofrämjande arbetet som sker på skolan riktat mot eleverna. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att utforska grundskollärares totala nivå av hälsokompetens och på vilket sätt nivån skiljer sig mellan variablerna i instrumentet HLS-EU-Q16. Metod: En tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes med hjälp av en webbaserad enkätundersökning. Instrumentet HLS-EU-Q16 inkluderades i enkäten för att undersöka nivån av hälsokompetens. Rekrytering skedde via sociala medier. Frekvens och Chi2-test genomfördes. Resultat: Bland grundskollärarna (n=22) hade 90.9% en tillräcklig hälsokompetensnivå, medan 9,1 % hade problematisk hälsokompetens. Medelålder var 46.7 år och medelarbetslivserfarenhet var 16 år. Självskattat allmänt hälsotillstånd var 39.7% mycket bra, 51.6% bra, samt 9.7 någorlunda. Av deltagarna hade 35.5% en utbildning på fyra år eller mindre, och 64,5% hade över fyra års utbildning. Det fanns frågor inom instrumentet HLS-EU-Q16 som varierade. Självskattad allmänt hälsotillstånd tenderade att påverkas av ålder och utbildningsnivå. Demografiska variablerna ålder, arbetslivserfarenhet, hälsotillstånd, utbildningsnivå samt kön kunde inte inkluderas i en sambandsanalys med utfallsvariabeln hälsokompetensindex på grund av för litet stickprov. Slutsats: Hälsokompetensnivån var hög i studiepopulationen / Introduction: A high health literacy level is important for the individual to be able to adequately absorb, process and reflect over health information, and transform health knowledge into practice. The school is an important arena for health promotive work, as students, regardless of background, are part of the Swedish school system. Primary school teachers have important roles in health promotive school interventions, when students are the target population. Aim: The study aim was to explore primary school teachers' level of health literacy and in what way the level differs between included demographic variables. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a web-based survey. The instrument HLS-EU-Q16 was included in the questionnaire to examine the level of health literacy. Participants were recruited through Facebook. Results: Among primary school teachers, 90.9% had sufficient health literacy and 9.1% problematic. The average age was 46.7 years and the average work experience was 16 years. Self-rated general health condition was 39.7% very good, 51.6% good, and 9.7% reasonably. The education level among participants differed,where 35.5% had an education that were four years or less and 64.5% had over four years of education. The demographic variables age, work experience, state of health, level of education and gender could not be included in a correlation analysis with the outcome variable health literacy index due to too small sample group. Conclusion: The level of health literacy is high in the study group of primary school teachers.

The overall aim of this thesis was to examine the distribution of health literacy (HL) levels in newly arrived Arabic-, Dari-, or Somali-speaking refugees in Sweden. Further aims were to investigate sociodemographic characteristics associated with inadequate HL in this group, and to investigate whether HL levels are associated with experiences of the health examination for asylum seekers (HEA), health seeking behaviour and health. Three quantitative cross-sectional studies, using data from two different surveys, were conducted among Arabic-, Dari-, and Somali-speaking, newly arrived refugees taking part in courses in Swedish for immigrants or civic orientation. In addition, an explorative qualitative study, based on focus group discussions, was performed on Arabic- and Somali-speaking newly arrived refugees who had taken part in an HEA. All data were collected 2013-2016. The quantitative data were analysed using different statistical methods, foremost descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses. The qualitative data were analysed using Graneheim and Lundman’s method for latent content analysis. The main findings were that the majority of Arabic-, Dari-, or Somali-speaking refugees in Sweden have limited functional health literacy (FHL) and/or limited comprehensive health literacy (CHL). Having a low education level and/or being born in Somalia were associated with having inadequate FHL, but not with having inadequate CHL. Limited FHL was associated with inadequate CHL. Experiences of poor quality of communication and having benefited little from the HEA were more common among those with limited CHL, as compared to those with higher CHL. Experiences of communication problems and a lack of information related to the HEA were found in the qualitative studies as well. In addition, it was more common that those with limited CHL reported poor general health and impaired psychological well-being, and that they had refrained from seeking healthcare. In conclusion: limited HL is common among newly arrived refugees in Sweden and seems to be of importance for the experience of the HEA, health-seeking behaviour and health. HL needs to be taken into consideration in the work with refugees in order to increase equity in healthcare and health.