Objective: To complete an integrative review of the studies on pediatric chronic illness utilizing the Children's Hope Scale to determine the association between hope and thechronically ill child. Method: A comprehensive review of PubMed, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and Dissertations Theses was completed. Titles were reviewed, selected abstracts were then assessed, and full papers were obtained. Results: Ten studies were found which met the specified inclusion criteria: participants less than or equal to 19 years of age, an illness of more than three months in duration, and hope measured by the Children's Hope Scale. The studies found some support for the positive effect of hope for children with chronic illness, but more research needs to be done with larger samples. Conclusion: This integrative review supports the positive impact of hope on the chronically ill child and the need for additional research on the role of hope in the chronically ill child.

The Hope Scale by Snyder and the Recovery Attitudes Questionnaire-7 were used to explore the patterns of hope and attitude toward recovery from schizophrenia in a sample of 100 adults diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder participating in five psychiatric rehabilitation programs in an affluent suburban setting. Using the Hope Scale, which is based on a definition of hope as a future-goal oriented cognitive process, and the Recovery Attitudes Questionnaire-7(RAQ-7), this study concluded that the construct of hope is not synonymous with a positive attitude about attaining the goal of recovery. Though participants reported being generally hopeful and having positive attitudes toward recovery from serious mental illness, the two variables, hope and attitude do not correlate with each other. Nor do individual items from the Hope Scale and the Recovery Attitudes Questionnaire-7 load on the same components during principal components factor analysis, though hope and attitude each account for more than 20% of the total variance of the data set. A serendipitous finding was the statistically significant difference between the means on the RAQ-7 of the sample of the current study and the sample of the instrument development process; across all levels of recovery, a more positive attitude towards recovery was expressed than was expressed seven years earlier. An additional statistically significant finding was the direct positive correlation between level of recovery and number of hours of volunteer service per week. Rather than concentrating on talk therapy with persons with schizophrenia to increase levels of hope and positive attitude before recovery begins, a more effective means of encouraging recovery may be to involve individuals with schizophrenia in meaningful social roles through volunteer work. / Ph. D.

Defines State Hope Scale.

<p>Syftet var att undersöka livsmål hos yngre män och kvinnor (20-30 år) utifrån ett autobiografiskt minnesperspektiv. Mätinstrumentet bestod av en enkät med tio frågor baserade på tidigare forskning. Resultatet visade på få skillnader mellan män och kvinnor gällande mål utifrån ett autobiografiskt perspektiv. Skillnaderna var att kvinnor generade fler mål än män i målkategorierna ekonomi och nära relationer inom tidsperspektivet 1 år framåt i tiden samt i målkategorierna nära relationer och hälsa inom tidsramen 5-10 år framåt i tiden. Inom tidsramen 1 år bakåt genererade kvinnor fler mål än män, i målkategorin socialt liv. Kvinnorna angav återigen fler mål än männen, men i målkategorin hälsa, inom tidsramen 5-10 år bakåt i tiden. Ingen signifikant skillnad fanns mellan könen gällande grad av målinriktning. Respondenternas åsikter (oberoende av kön) angående hur stor kontroll de har över sina mål (1 år framåt respektive 5-10 år framåt) samt hur sannolikt de tror att det är att dessa mål kommer att inträffa, visade på signifikanta skillnader mellan de olika tidsperspektiven samt måltyperna (minst vs. mest sannolikt att de inträffar).</p> / <p>The aim was to investigate the life goals of young men and women (20-30 years) from an autobiographical memory approach. The measuring instrument consisted of a survey of ten questions based on previous research. The results indicated few differences between men’s and women’s goals from an autobiographical perspective. However, women compared to men generated more economy and close relationships related goal in a 1 year forward time perspective, and close relationships and health related goals in a time frame of 5-10 years ahead. In the time frame of 1 year back in time, women generated more social life goals than did men, and in the time frame of 5-10 years back in time women generated more health goals than did men. No significant difference between the sexes was found concerning level of goal-orientation. The views of the respondents (gender-independent) concerning level of goal control (1 year ahead, 5-10 years ahead), and their views of the probability of goal-fulfillment indicated significant differences between the time perspectives and types of goals.</p>

Syftet var att undersöka livsmål hos yngre män och kvinnor (20-30 år) utifrån ett autobiografiskt minnesperspektiv. Mätinstrumentet bestod av en enkät med tio frågor baserade på tidigare forskning. Resultatet visade på få skillnader mellan män och kvinnor gällande mål utifrån ett autobiografiskt perspektiv. Skillnaderna var att kvinnor generade fler mål än män i målkategorierna ekonomi och nära relationer inom tidsperspektivet 1 år framåt i tiden samt i målkategorierna nära relationer och hälsa inom tidsramen 5-10 år framåt i tiden. Inom tidsramen 1 år bakåt genererade kvinnor fler mål än män, i målkategorin socialt liv. Kvinnorna angav återigen fler mål än männen, men i målkategorin hälsa, inom tidsramen 5-10 år bakåt i tiden. Ingen signifikant skillnad fanns mellan könen gällande grad av målinriktning. Respondenternas åsikter (oberoende av kön) angående hur stor kontroll de har över sina mål (1 år framåt respektive 5-10 år framåt) samt hur sannolikt de tror att det är att dessa mål kommer att inträffa, visade på signifikanta skillnader mellan de olika tidsperspektiven samt måltyperna (minst vs. mest sannolikt att de inträffar). / The aim was to investigate the life goals of young men and women (20-30 years) from an autobiographical memory approach. The measuring instrument consisted of a survey of ten questions based on previous research. The results indicated few differences between men’s and women’s goals from an autobiographical perspective. However, women compared to men generated more economy and close relationships related goal in a 1 year forward time perspective, and close relationships and health related goals in a time frame of 5-10 years ahead. In the time frame of 1 year back in time, women generated more social life goals than did men, and in the time frame of 5-10 years back in time women generated more health goals than did men. No significant difference between the sexes was found concerning level of goal-orientation. The views of the respondents (gender-independent) concerning level of goal control (1 year ahead, 5-10 years ahead), and their views of the probability of goal-fulfillment indicated significant differences between the time perspectives and types of goals.

<p>Since teachers’ referrals involve evaluation of students through sustained observation, comprehensive features of giftedness can be identified. In 2007, a project called Having Opportunities Promotes Excellence (HOPE) was launched at Purdue University with funds from the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation (Gentry et al., 2015). This 3-year project aimed to help identify giftedness among low-income and ethnically diverse students and serve these students in advanced programs. To do so, the project team created the <i>HOPE Scale</i> (Gentry et al., 2015), an instrument used by teachers to assess the academic and socioemotional characteristics of gifted students. Previous results from Project HOPE served as the foundation for the current studies. This dissertation is comprised of three related research papers investigating the <i>HOPE Scale</i> as an equitable measure for identifying underrepresented students for the gifted services. Following are the purpose and research questions for each of these related studies.</p><p></p><h3><a></a><a>Study 1: Validity Evidence for the <i>HOPE Scale</i> to Identify Gifted Students from Low-Income and Multicultural Families in Korea</a> </h3><div><a></a></div><p></p><h3><a></a><a>Study 2: Exploring Individual and Classroom Characteristics on Students’ Outcome Scores from the <i>HOPE</i> Teacher Rating Scale</a></h3><div><a></a><h3><a></a><a></a><a>Study 3: The Relationship between Students’ Academic Achievement and the <i>HOPE</i> Teacher-rating Scale: Exploration to Equitably Identify Underrepresented Gifted Students</a></h3><br></div>

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