Thesis (M.S.) in Animal Sciences--University of Maine, 2005. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-59).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Francisco, 2004. Thesis (Doctoral in zz)--University of California, San Francisco, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

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A theoretical study of steroidal inhibitors of the enzymes Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and Aromatase is presented. Both enzyme systems are of interest in the study of cancer, the latter being the final step in the biosynthesis of oestrogens which are involved in certain types of breast cancer. Two levels of theory are employed in the study, namely, Ab Initio and Semi Empirical methods. Structures and charges have been calculated using the MOPAC and GAUSSIAN programs and these have been used to model the efficacy of various inhibitors. The major tool in comparing these steroids has been the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP). Maps of the MEP and an analysis of the similarity between the MEP s of different molecules have led both to a method of assessing the activities of steroids as enzyme inhibitors and requirements for the electronic structure of the steroid binding sites within these enzymes. A molecular graphics display program has been developed to facilitate this work. It has been designed to make full use of the facilities available. The quality of the resulting display has improved greatly on what was previously available and has been of value in studies of large molecular systems. The program is written in VAX FORTRAN and uses the Graphics Kernel System (GKS) to produce graphical output and should be reasonably easy to transfer to other systems. Finally, to determine whether PM3 really is a significant advance on AM1, a comparison of the two semi empirical methods is presented. The calculated properties of steroid hormones are compared to those of both Ab Initio calculations and experimental determinations, allowing the quality of the semi empirical predictions to be assessed.

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Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1997 / The aims of this study were to measure: 1. Myometrial cells of menopausal uteri to establish whether they atrophy after the menopause. 2. Myometrial cells at different phases of the menstrual cycle to investigate the influences of oestrogen and progesterone during the cycle. 3. Myometrial cells in the fundus and lower uterine segment to establish whether they differ in size. 4. Myometrial cells of pregnant uteri to investigate the effect of the hormonal status of pregnant women on the size of myometrial cells. 5. Neoplastic cells of leiomyomas of the uterus to investigate whether these benign tumours behave in the same manner as myometrium or, because they are neoplastic, they react differently. A preliminary investigation was undertaken to establish the optimal methodology for this study to measure myometrial and leiomyoma nuclei in the uterus. The aims of this preliminary investigation were: 1. To test the reproducibility of measurements of myometrial and leiomyoma nuclei in transverse and cross section. 2. To test five histological staining methods to ascertain the best method for a morphometric study on uterine cells. 3. To find the minimum sample size of nuclei per section of myometrium or leiomyoma in order to yield statistically significant results. This preliminary study found that the Haematoxylin and Eosin stain gave the most statistically reproducible measurements. Subjective assessment of the five staining methods also found Haematoxylin and Eosin to be optimal. It was also found during the preliminary study that measuring the myometrial nuclei in cross rather than transverse section gave the most statistically reproducible measurements. It was also found that it was best to use an axial ratio criterion of 0,9 when measuring cross-sectioned myometrial nuclei. The optimum sample size per section was also investigated and it was found that measuring 100 nuclei was optimal. It was found that in the uteri used in this study there was no statistically significant decrease in nuclear size after the menopause. It was also found that there was no statistically significant difference in nuclear size during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. There was also no notable difference in nuclear size between nuclei in the fundus and lower segment of the uteri in this study. It was found that there was a significant increase in the size of nuclei in leiomyomas compared to the normal myometrial nuclei from the same patient. The myometrial nuclei from pregnant uteri were also significantly larger than those from non-gravid uteri.