Diese Arbeit beinhaltet die Modellierung von neuartigen Spinosynanaloga über zwei aufeinanderfolgende Heck-Reaktionen und die Modifizierung einer beta-selektiven Glycosylierungsmethode sowie die Synthese von sechs neuen potentiellen Hsp47-Inhibitoren, die auf neuen Forschungsergebnissen basieren. Darüber hinaus wird ein enantioselektiver Zugang zu dem Lignan Linoxepin in elf Stufen mit der höchsten bisher erreichten Gesamtausbeute vorgestellt. Als Schlüsselschritte dienen hier eine Domino-Carbopalladierung-Heck-Reaktion, eine asymmetrische Hydroborierung und eine oxidative Lactonisierung.

As proteínas de choque térmico (HSPs) são proteínas presentes nas células em condições normais e supra-expressadas em condições de estresse e choque térmico. O laser de diodo tem sido utilizado em diversos tratamentos na odontologia, dentre eles na atenuação de sintomas e na aceleração do reparo de úlceras traumáticas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, através de análise imunoistoquímica da expressão das HSPs (Hsp27 e Hsp 47) e da medição de temperatura por intermédio de câmera termográfica, se o laser de diodo modifica, (e quanto modifica) a temperatura local, bem como se há alteração no padrão de expressão das proteínas citadas em três regiões distintas do fragmento analisado. Para este estudo, foram feitos testes in vitro e in vivo. Para os testes in vivo, foram utilizados 56 ratos, nos quais foi induzida úlcera em ventre lingual. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: GL - grupo ulcerado com posterior irradiação com laser (parâmetros: laser diodo, 0,5 W de potência, pulsado (10 Hz), por 40 segundos (método varredura), 80J/cm2 de energia total (área de 0,25cm2) Má, e a energia por ponto?); GN - grupo ulcerado sem nenhum tratamento posterior; CP - grupo controle sem úlcera e irradiado com laser (mesmos parâmetros de GL); e CN - grupo controle sem úlcera e sem nenhum tratamento posterior. O teste in vitro foi destinado à medição da temperatura durante a irradiação laser, quando utilizaram-se línguas de ratos previamente ulceradas e extirpadas, as quais foram irradiadas com os parâmetros para o teste in vivo. Na superfície irradiada, houve aumento médio de temperatura em torno de 6,7C e, na região mais distante dessa superfície, de 2,7C. Na análise semiquantitativa da expressão imunoistoquímica da Hsp27, observou-se padrão de marcação mais intenso em GL comparando-se a GN e aos demais grupos. Na análise quantitativa da Hsp47, houve maior quantidade de células positivas no GL em relação aos demais grupos, principalmente nas regiões mais próximas da superfície irradiada. Concluiu-se que a irradiação laser provocou aumento de temperatura local, bem como desencadeou padrões de intensidade maiores e diferentes da Hsp27 e da Hsp47 em relação aos demais grupos. Isso indica que o tecido irradiado sofreu maior estresse celular, com resposta tecidual de intensa migração e diferenciação celular, bem como de maior síntese colagênica. / Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are proteins present in cells under normal conditions and over-expressed in terms of stress and thermal shock. The laser diode has been used in various treatments in dentistry, to reduce symptoms and accelerate the repair of traumatic ulcers. The aim of this study was to verify, by means of immunohistochemical expression analysis of HSPs (Hsp27 and Hsp 47) and temperature measurement using a thermographic camera, whether diode laser changes the local temperature (and how much the temperature changes), and whether there is a change in expression pattern of the above-mentioned protein in three distinct regions of the analyzed fragment. For this study, some of the tests were conducted in vitro and others in vivo. For the in vivo tests, 56 rats were used, in which ulcers were induced on the ventral surface of the tongue. The animals were divided into 4 groups: GL-group with ulcer and later laser irradiation (diode laser parameters: 0.5 W power, pulsed (10 Hz), for 40 seconds (defocused), 80J/cm2 total power in area (0.25cm2) GN- group with ulcer and without any further processing; CP- control group without ulcer and with laser irradiation (same parameters as in GL); and GN-control group without ulcer and without any further processing. The in vitro tests were conducted to measure temperature during laser irradiation, using the tongues that had previously been ulcerated in rats, and later removed and irradiated with the same parameters as those used for the in vivo test. In the irradiated surface, there was an increase in mean temperature of around 6.7oC, and in the region more distant from this surface, an increase of 2.7 oC. In the semi-quantitative analysis of immunohistochemical expression of Hsp27, greater expression of Hsp27 was shown in GL in comparison with the other groups in general. In quantitative analysis of Hsp47, there was a larger quantity of positive cells in GL, when compared with the other groups, particularly in the regions closest to irradiated surface. It was concluded that the irradiation laser caused local temperature increase, and also set off greater and different patterns of intensity of Hsp27 and Hsp47, in comparison with those of the other groups. This indicates that the irradiated tissue suffered higher cellular stress, with tissue response of intense migration and cell differentiation, as well as increased collagen synthesis.

As proteínas de choque térmico (HSPs) são proteínas presentes nas células em condições normais e supra-expressadas em condições de estresse e choque térmico. O laser de diodo tem sido utilizado em diversos tratamentos na odontologia, dentre eles na atenuação de sintomas e na aceleração do reparo de úlceras traumáticas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, através de análise imunoistoquímica da expressão das HSPs (Hsp27 e Hsp 47) e da medição de temperatura por intermédio de câmera termográfica, se o laser de diodo modifica, (e quanto modifica) a temperatura local, bem como se há alteração no padrão de expressão das proteínas citadas em três regiões distintas do fragmento analisado. Para este estudo, foram feitos testes in vitro e in vivo. Para os testes in vivo, foram utilizados 56 ratos, nos quais foi induzida úlcera em ventre lingual. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: GL - grupo ulcerado com posterior irradiação com laser (parâmetros: laser diodo, 0,5 W de potência, pulsado (10 Hz), por 40 segundos (método varredura), 80J/cm2 de energia total (área de 0,25cm2) Má, e a energia por ponto?); GN - grupo ulcerado sem nenhum tratamento posterior; CP - grupo controle sem úlcera e irradiado com laser (mesmos parâmetros de GL); e CN - grupo controle sem úlcera e sem nenhum tratamento posterior. O teste in vitro foi destinado à medição da temperatura durante a irradiação laser, quando utilizaram-se línguas de ratos previamente ulceradas e extirpadas, as quais foram irradiadas com os parâmetros para o teste in vivo. Na superfície irradiada, houve aumento médio de temperatura em torno de 6,7C e, na região mais distante dessa superfície, de 2,7C. Na análise semiquantitativa da expressão imunoistoquímica da Hsp27, observou-se padrão de marcação mais intenso em GL comparando-se a GN e aos demais grupos. Na análise quantitativa da Hsp47, houve maior quantidade de células positivas no GL em relação aos demais grupos, principalmente nas regiões mais próximas da superfície irradiada. Concluiu-se que a irradiação laser provocou aumento de temperatura local, bem como desencadeou padrões de intensidade maiores e diferentes da Hsp27 e da Hsp47 em relação aos demais grupos. Isso indica que o tecido irradiado sofreu maior estresse celular, com resposta tecidual de intensa migração e diferenciação celular, bem como de maior síntese colagênica. / Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are proteins present in cells under normal conditions and over-expressed in terms of stress and thermal shock. The laser diode has been used in various treatments in dentistry, to reduce symptoms and accelerate the repair of traumatic ulcers. The aim of this study was to verify, by means of immunohistochemical expression analysis of HSPs (Hsp27 and Hsp 47) and temperature measurement using a thermographic camera, whether diode laser changes the local temperature (and how much the temperature changes), and whether there is a change in expression pattern of the above-mentioned protein in three distinct regions of the analyzed fragment. For this study, some of the tests were conducted in vitro and others in vivo. For the in vivo tests, 56 rats were used, in which ulcers were induced on the ventral surface of the tongue. The animals were divided into 4 groups: GL-group with ulcer and later laser irradiation (diode laser parameters: 0.5 W power, pulsed (10 Hz), for 40 seconds (defocused), 80J/cm2 total power in area (0.25cm2) GN- group with ulcer and without any further processing; CP- control group without ulcer and with laser irradiation (same parameters as in GL); and GN-control group without ulcer and without any further processing. The in vitro tests were conducted to measure temperature during laser irradiation, using the tongues that had previously been ulcerated in rats, and later removed and irradiated with the same parameters as those used for the in vivo test. In the irradiated surface, there was an increase in mean temperature of around 6.7oC, and in the region more distant from this surface, an increase of 2.7 oC. In the semi-quantitative analysis of immunohistochemical expression of Hsp27, greater expression of Hsp27 was shown in GL in comparison with the other groups in general. In quantitative analysis of Hsp47, there was a larger quantity of positive cells in GL, when compared with the other groups, particularly in the regions closest to irradiated surface. It was concluded that the irradiation laser caused local temperature increase, and also set off greater and different patterns of intensity of Hsp27 and Hsp47, in comparison with those of the other groups. This indicates that the irradiated tissue suffered higher cellular stress, with tissue response of intense migration and cell differentiation, as well as increased collagen synthesis.

No description available.

The heat shock or stress response is a transient response to stressful stimuli that protects vital cellular proteins from damage and irreversible aggregation. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are molecular chaperones that bind to unfolded protein and inhibit their aggregation, thereby maintaining their solubility until they can be refolded to their native conformation. Hsp47 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein that serves as a molecular chaperone during collagen production. Collagen is the major class of insoluble fibrous protein found in the extracellular matrix and in connective tissues. It is the single most abundant protein of the animal kingdom; at least 14 different forms exist, each with distinct structures and binding properties. The various types of collagen all possess protein regions with the distinct triple helical conformation. This complex physical structure requires very organized assembly and HSP47 has been established as an integral component of this process for collagen types I-V. Most of the previous studies examining the expression and function of hsp47 have been conducted with mammalian cultured cells. The present study represented the first investigation of the expression of hsp47 in the poikilothermic vertebrate, <i>Xenopus laevis</i>. Full-length <i>Xenopus</i> hsp47 nucleotide and amino acid sequences were obtained from Genbank and compared with hsp47 from chicken, mouse, rat, human and zebrafish. <i>Xenopus</i> HSP47 protein had an identity of approximately 77% with chicken, 73% with mouse, 72% with rat and human, and 70% with zebrafish. Most of the sequence identity between HSP47 from all investigated organisms occurred centrally in the amino acid sequence and in several carboxyl terminal regions. Three key features were conserved between HSP47 proteins from most species investigated: a hydrophobic leader sequence, two potential glycosylation sites and the ER-retention signal, RDEL. A partial cDNA clone encoding <i>Xenopus</i> hsp47 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and used to generate hsp47 antisense riboprobe for the purpose of investigating hsp47 mRNA accumulation in <i>Xenopus</i> A6 kidney epithelial cells and embryos. Northern blot analysis detected hsp47 mRNA constitutively in A6 cells. The expression pattern for hsp47 mRNA was compared with two other <i>Xenopus</i> heat shock proteins that have been previously characterized in our laboratory: hsp70, a cystolic/nuclear hsp and BiP, an ER-resident hsp. The results of hsp47 mRNA accumulation in A6 cells suggested that the expression pattern for <i>Xenopus</i> hsp47 was unique but, with respect to some stressors, resembled that of a cytosolic hsp rather than an ER-resident hsp. HSP47 protein levels were also examined in A6 cells. Heat shock, sodium arsenite and b-aminopropionitrile fumerate treatments enhanced hsp47 accumulation. In some experiments, western blot analysis revealed the presence of two closely sized protein bands. It is possible that minor differences in HSP47 protein size may be due to post-translational modification, namely phosphorylation or glycosylation. The present study also examined the accumulation and spatial pattern of hsp47 mRNA accumulation during <i>Xenopus laevis</i> early development. Hsp47 was constitutively expressed throughout <i>Xenopus</i> early development. Constitutive levels of hsp47 mRNA in unfertilized eggs, fertilized eggs and cleavage stage embryos indicated that these transcripts were maternally inherited. Constitutive hsp47 mRNA accumulation was enhanced in neurula and tailbud embryos compared to earlier stages. This finding may be explained by the shift towards organogenesis during these stages. Whole mount <i>in situ</i> hybridization revealed hsp47 message along the dorsal region of the embryo, in the notochord and somites, as well as in the head region including the eye vesicle. Hsp47 mRNA induction in <i>Xenopus</i> embryos was also examined in response to heat shock. Hsp47 mRNA accumulated in response to heat shock immediately following the midblastula transition (MBT). In tailbud stages, hsp47 mRNA accumulated in the notochord, somites and head region. Northern blot analysis and whole mount <i>in situ</i> hybridization results revealed an expression pattern that coincided well with the development of collagen-rich tissues thereby substantiating the proposed role of HSP47 as a procollagen molecular chaperone.

The heat shock or stress response is a transient response to stressful stimuli that protects vital cellular proteins from damage and irreversible aggregation. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are molecular chaperones that bind to unfolded protein and inhibit their aggregation, thereby maintaining their solubility until they can be refolded to their native conformation. Hsp47 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein that serves as a molecular chaperone during collagen production. Collagen is the major class of insoluble fibrous protein found in the extracellular matrix and in connective tissues. It is the single most abundant protein of the animal kingdom; at least 14 different forms exist, each with distinct structures and binding properties. The various types of collagen all possess protein regions with the distinct triple helical conformation. This complex physical structure requires very organized assembly and HSP47 has been established as an integral component of this process for collagen types I-V. Most of the previous studies examining the expression and function of hsp47 have been conducted with mammalian cultured cells. The present study represented the first investigation of the expression of hsp47 in the poikilothermic vertebrate, <i>Xenopus laevis</i>. Full-length <i>Xenopus</i> hsp47 nucleotide and amino acid sequences were obtained from Genbank and compared with hsp47 from chicken, mouse, rat, human and zebrafish. <i>Xenopus</i> HSP47 protein had an identity of approximately 77% with chicken, 73% with mouse, 72% with rat and human, and 70% with zebrafish. Most of the sequence identity between HSP47 from all investigated organisms occurred centrally in the amino acid sequence and in several carboxyl terminal regions. Three key features were conserved between HSP47 proteins from most species investigated: a hydrophobic leader sequence, two potential glycosylation sites and the ER-retention signal, RDEL. A partial cDNA clone encoding <i>Xenopus</i> hsp47 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and used to generate hsp47 antisense riboprobe for the purpose of investigating hsp47 mRNA accumulation in <i>Xenopus</i> A6 kidney epithelial cells and embryos. Northern blot analysis detected hsp47 mRNA constitutively in A6 cells. The expression pattern for hsp47 mRNA was compared with two other <i>Xenopus</i> heat shock proteins that have been previously characterized in our laboratory: hsp70, a cystolic/nuclear hsp and BiP, an ER-resident hsp. The results of hsp47 mRNA accumulation in A6 cells suggested that the expression pattern for <i>Xenopus</i> hsp47 was unique but, with respect to some stressors, resembled that of a cytosolic hsp rather than an ER-resident hsp. HSP47 protein levels were also examined in A6 cells. Heat shock, sodium arsenite and b-aminopropionitrile fumerate treatments enhanced hsp47 accumulation. In some experiments, western blot analysis revealed the presence of two closely sized protein bands. It is possible that minor differences in HSP47 protein size may be due to post-translational modification, namely phosphorylation or glycosylation. The present study also examined the accumulation and spatial pattern of hsp47 mRNA accumulation during <i>Xenopus laevis</i> early development. Hsp47 was constitutively expressed throughout <i>Xenopus</i> early development. Constitutive levels of hsp47 mRNA in unfertilized eggs, fertilized eggs and cleavage stage embryos indicated that these transcripts were maternally inherited. Constitutive hsp47 mRNA accumulation was enhanced in neurula and tailbud embryos compared to earlier stages. This finding may be explained by the shift towards organogenesis during these stages. Whole mount <i>in situ</i> hybridization revealed hsp47 message along the dorsal region of the embryo, in the notochord and somites, as well as in the head region including the eye vesicle. Hsp47 mRNA induction in <i>Xenopus</i> embryos was also examined in response to heat shock. Hsp47 mRNA accumulated in response to heat shock immediately following the midblastula transition (MBT). In tailbud stages, hsp47 mRNA accumulated in the notochord, somites and head region. Northern blot analysis and whole mount <i>in situ</i> hybridization results revealed an expression pattern that coincided well with the development of collagen-rich tissues thereby substantiating the proposed role of HSP47 as a procollagen molecular chaperone.

Orientador: Luciano Resende Ferreira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T08:14:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MartelliJunior_Hercilio_M.pdf: 3416342 bytes, checksum: 1e4781599e6c56d26cf0a8c2c2bb6f6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 / Resumo: Fibromatose Gengival Hereditária (FGH) representa uma condição oral incomum (1:750.000), caracterizada por um aumento gengival fibrótico generalizado. Manifesta-se como entidade clínica isolada ou como parte de síndromes, produzindo excessiva quantidade de colágeno e outras moléculas da matriz extra-celular. Hsp47 é uma chaperone residente no retículo endoplasmático (RE) que liga especificamente a moléculas de colágeno, enquanto Sec61 a representa uma proteína transmembrânica com ativa participação na condução de cadeias polipeptídicas nascentes para o lúmen do RE. Este trabalho descreve a participação das proteínas Hsp47 e Sec61? em culturas de fibroblastos provenientes de uma única família portadora de FGH e de pacientes com gengiva normal (GN) nos eventos de translação/translocação de colágeno tipo I. Ensaios de Western blot mostraram uma produção aumentada de Hsp47 em fibroblastos de FGH, comparado a fibroblastos de GN em condições de homeostasia e em situações de estresse térmico. Além disso, foi demonstrado produção de Sec61? nas linhagens celulares, FGH e GN, porém sem diferenças nos padrões de produção. A maior produção de Hsp47 pode estar envolvida na proteção da degradação intra reticular de colágeno, podendo ser um dos fatores responsáveis pela fibrose característica desta doença. Embora os mecanismos biológicos responsáveis pela FGH sejam ainda desconhecidos, o conhecimento da participação destas proteínas na regulação da biosíntese de colágeno pode ser importante para o entendimento de condições genéticas, como a FGH / Abstract: Study of the sinthesis of Hsp47 and Sec61??during the events of translacions/translocations of collagen type I in fibroblasts from hereditary gingival fibromatosis Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis (HGF) represents an uncommon oral condition (l :750,000) characterized fibrous gingival enlargement. HGF can manifest as an isolated clinical entity or as part of a syndrome. The gingiva of patients with HGF produce excessive amount of collagen and other extracellular matrix. Hsp47 is an endoplasmic reticulun (ER) resident chaperone which binds specifically to collagen molecules, and Sec61? represents a transmembranous protein with active role in conducting of nascent polypeptide chain into the ER. This study describes the role of Hsp47 and Sec61? during the events of translationltranslocation of collagen type I in fibroblasts from patients with HGF and patients presenting normal gingiva (NG). Western blot assays demonstrated an increased production of Hsp47 in fibroblasts HGF as compared to NG cells under stress and unstressed conditions. In addition, Sec61? was evenly found in both cell types showing no marked variations in quantity in both stressed or unstressed situations. The more increased production of Hsp47 may related to a collagen degradation protective mechanism inside the ER. This can be one of the factors responsible for the fibrous features of HGF. Although the exact biological mechanisms involved in HGF are still unknown, the study of these ER proteins role in regulating collagen biosynthesis may be important for understanding hereditary conditions such as HGF / Mestrado / Mestre em Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20216号 / 理博第4301号 / 新制||理||1618(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 細川 暢子, 教授 高田 彰二, 教授 七田 芳則 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM