Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Iowa, 2003. / Supervisor: Yasar Onel. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-164).

The retention of quantum numbers in hadron jets was studied, and a model was constructed to infer the quantum numbers of the leading quark and antiquark in the the reaction e⁺e⁻ → qoqo → hadrons, from the quantum numbers of the final state particles. The method used involved taking a weighted average of the quantum numbers of the hadrons in the jet, with the weight assigned to each particle dependent on its kinemat-ical variables. The model was tested using the Lund Monte Carlo JETSET 7.1 at 80 GeV. It was found that in two jet events, it was possible to determine the sign of the charge of the leading partons with SO percent accuracy overall, and with greater than 94 percent accuracy in 41 percent of the events (using cuts on the weighted average to select the events). In light quark events (dd, uu, and ss), it was found that the quark jet and its flavour could be determined with about 48 percent precision and heavy quark tagging of cc and bb could be achieved in 38 and 63 percent of events respectively. In 15 percent of the light quark events, selected by consistency between the two back to back jets, successful determination of the quark jet and its flavour were obtained in 85 percent of events, with heavy quark contamination reduced to 12 and 6 percent of cc and bb events respectively. The model was also run on three jet events at 80 GeV. Although it was possible to identify one jet as a non-gluon jet (in particular the jet which subtends the largest angle with the other two jets) in 90 percent of events, it was not possible to determine which of the two remaining jets was the gluon jet. The sign of the electric charge of the non-gluon jet could be determined in 70 percent of events overall, and in 90 percent of a smaller group of 20 percent of events again using cuts on the weighted charge for the jets. The flavour of the non-gluon jet could be determined in 42 percent of events overall, and in 65 percent of a smaller group of 18 percent of events using consistency between the non-gluon jet and the other two jets, although heavy quark contamination was more significant. Finally, the accuracy with which the sign of the electric charge and flavour could be determined in two jet events at energies in the range 20 to 100 GeV was studied. It was found that as the centre of mass energy increased, the precision with which these properties could be inferred showed a marked increase. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

In the following discourse unpolarized cross sections and double helicity asymmetries of single inclusive positive and negative charged hadrons at mid-rapidity from p + p collisions at p s = 62:4 GeV are presented. Measurements for the transverse momentum range 1:0 < pT < 4:5 GeV/c are done with PHENIX detector at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and are consistent with calculations based on perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the strong coupling constant, s. Resummed pQCD calculations including terms with next-to-leading log (NLL) accuracy, yielding reduced theoretical uncertainties, also agree with the data. The double helicity asymmetry, sensitive at leading order to the gluon polarization in a momentum fraction range of 0:05

No description available.

Establishing the resonance spectrum of the nucleon with accuracy would provide important new information about the dynamics and degrees of freedom of its constituents. The spectrum and properties of nucleon resonances are a fundamental test of the emerging predictions from Lattice QCD calculations and will guide re finements to QCD-based phenomenological models. Pion photoproduction is an excellent tool to study the nucleon resonance spectrum, as this channel is expected to couple strongly to most resonances. The new generation of measurements for this reaction, of which the measurement presented in this thesis forms a crucial part, will provide a great improvement in the quality of available experimental data. For the photoproduction process in particular, the use of photon beams and targets with high degrees of polarisation, coupled with large acceptance particle detectors is essential for disentangling the spectrum of excited states. There are many nucleon resonances predicted by recent Lattice QCD calculations and by phenomenological nucleon models which are only observed inconsistently by different analyses of the same experimental data or which are not observed at all. It is of upmost importance to establish if this means that the resonances do not exist in nature, reflecting inappropriate degrees of freedom in the theoretical description of the nucleon or if the current experimental measurements have not been sensitive enough. As such, there is a current world effort at modern tagged photon facilities to measure the \complete set" of photoproduction observables necessary to fully constrain the partial wave analyses used to extract the experimental excitation spectrum from the data. This thesis will present the first detailed measurement to date of positive pion photoproduction in the 730-2300 MeV photon energy (1400-2280 MeV centre-of-mass energy) region with a linearly polarised photon beam and a longitudinally polarised proton target with a close-to-complete angular coverage in detection of the reaction products. This unique set up allows for the extraction of the double-polarisation observable, G. The data were taken as part of the g9 experiment at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Virginia, using a tagged, polarised photon beam and the Frozen Proton Spin Target, FROST, in conjunction with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer, CLAS. The results of the study presented here are compared to the sparse existing data set for the G double-polarisation observable along with the current solutions of the the three main partial wave analyses: MAID, SAID and Bonn-Gatchina. Some agreement is obtained with the expectations of these PWA at lower energies, while disagreement at higher energies is clearly evident. This is the energy region where many of the missing resonances are expected to lie. Once incorporated into the MAID, SAID and Bonn-Gatchina models, these new data will provide an important contribution to constraining the amplitudes and therefore the resonance spectrum and properties of the nucleon. The new data will form a central part of the world effort to accurately establish the nucleon excitation spectrum for the first time by achieving the first complete measurement of experimental observables in meson photoproduction.

This thesis presents work towards the first measurement of the mass of the W boson (m_W) at ATLAS at the Large Hadron Collider using √s = 7 TeV collision data taken in 2011. The electron energy calibration is presented, including a detailed study of the linearity of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter. Separately, the measurement of the W boson recoil is calibrated using Z boson events. Recoil corrections for the underlying event, pileup, recoil magnitude resolution, recoil angular resolution and recoil response mismodelling are determined, with statistical uncertainties on these corrections corresponding to an estimated uncertainty on m_W of 3.9 MeV. The corrections for calorimeter non-linearity and recoil modelling improve the description of the data, though systematic biases remain. To achieve a precision commensurate with the statistics of the data, these biases will need to be understood.

This thesis presents the measurement and results of the Z/γ* → μ⁺μ⁻ Drell-Yan triple-differential cross-section, using 20.24 fb⁻¹ of ATLAS data recorded in 2012 at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 8TeV. The triple-differential cross-section is measured as a function of dimuon invariant mass, m_μμ, dimuon rapidity, γ_μμ , and lepton decay angle in the Collins-Soper frame, cosθ*. These dimensions provide sensitivity to the parton composition of the proton through the parton density functions, PDFs, and the weak effective mixing angle, sin²θeff./W, via the forward-backward asymmetry, A_FB. The measurement is performed on and around the Z-boson's invariant mass peak, 46 < m_μμ < 200 GeV, in a kinematic ducial volume of muon transverse momentum, pT > 20 GeV, and muon pseudo-rapidity |η|≤2.4. The results are unfolded from the detector level to the Born, bare and dressed levels, where a precision of < 0:6% is reported in the central bins. The data is combined with an electron channel measurement resulting in a combined result with reduced total uncertainty. The combined result is shown to constrain PDF uncertainties and achieve the most constrained sin²θeff./W uncertainty yet reported at the LHC.