Orientador: Lucia Regina Durrant / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T13:13:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bonfa_MaricyRaquelLindenbah_D.pdf: 5807785 bytes, checksum: b4f94770b01f8f31db2f4d56cebf3005 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Os microrganismos halofilicos sao aqueles capazes de viver em ambientes salinos. Dentre eles encontram-se, por exemplo, as bacterias halofilicas e as haloarqueias. Estas duas classes de organismos foram o objeto de estudo deste projeto. Estes microrganismos foram testados quanto a habilidade de degradacao de compostos monoaromaticos e poliaromaticos. A capacidade de degradacao destes compostos por microrganismos halofilicos e de extrema importancia ja que ambientes salinos estao sujeitos a contaminacoes por compostos toxicos, alem de muitos efluentes industriais, como por exemplo, a agua de producao de petroleo, possuir alta salinidade. As linhagens de haloarqueias testadas apresentaram a capacidade de crescer e degradar acidos aromaticos como unica fonte de carbono e energia. A degradacao foi menor em presenca de 0,05% de extrato de levedura. Estas mesmas linhagens tambem apresentaram a capacidade de degradar HAP em presenca de 0,05% de extrato de levedura. Foram utilizados primers para a amplificacao de genes que sintetizam catecol 1,2-dioxigenase, protocatecuato 3,4-dioxigenase e gentisato 1,2-dioxigenase. Somente a linhagem Halococcus morhuaea apresentou o gene da gentisato 1,2-dioxigenase. As haloarqueias estudadas foram identificadas atraves da amplificacao e sequenciamento do gene RNAr 16S e foram identificadas como pertencentes ao genero Haloferax. Foram isoladas 7 linhagens de haloarqueias a partir de coletas realizadas no Brasil (Nossa Senhora do Socorro-SE e Arraial do Cabo-RJ), uma delas foi identificada como Halosarcina pallida. Duas linhagens de bactérias halofilicas foram isoladas em meio contendo 3 mM de fenol como unica fonte de carbono e energia, a linhagem HU que foi isolada de uma regiao salina contaminada em Huelva-Espanha e outra linhagem AP isolada a partir de agua de producao de petroleo (Petrobras/Sao Sebastiao-SP). Estas foram identificadas como Modicisalibacter tunisiensis e Arhodomonas aquaeolei, respectivamente. As duas linhagens alem de Halomonas organivorans demonstraram a capacidade de degradar fenol. Monodicisalibacter tunisiensis degradou 3 mM de fenol apos 72 horas. Nas tres linhagens foram encontrados os genes de degradacao das enzimas catecol 1,2-dioxigenase e protocatecuato 3,4- dioxigenase. Todas as linhagens de haloarqueias e bacterias halofilicas foram utilizadas para a biorremediacao da agua de producao de petroleo e reduziram a DQO deste efluente. A linhagem AA31 promoveu a maior reducao da DQO do efluente bruto (87,47%) dentre as haloarqueias. Já entre as bacterias H. organivorans promoveu a maior reducao da DQO deste efluente (89,5%). Estes resultados demonstram o grande potencial de degradacao de compostos aromaticos pelas linhagens estudadas, assim como para a biorremediacao da agua de producao de petroleo / Abstract: The halophilic microorganisms are those able to live in saline environments. Among them are, for example, halophilic bacteria and haloarchaea. These two classes of organisms have been the aim of study of this Project. These microorganisms were tested for their ability to degrade monoaromatic and polyaromatic compounds. The capacity of degradation of these compounds by halophilic microorganisms is extremely important because saline environments are subject to contamination by toxic compounds, and many industrial effluents, such as the wastewater of oil production have high salinity. The strains of haloarchaea tested here were able to grow and degrade aromatic acids as sole source of carbon and energy. There was a decrease in the degradation when 0.05% of yeast extract was added. These same strains were also able to degrade PAHs in the presence of 0.05% of yeast extract. Primers were used for the amplification of genes that synthesize catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, protocatecuate 3,4-dioxygenase and gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase. Halococcus morhuaea was the only strain showing the gene for gentisate 1,2-dioxigenase. The haloarchaea strains were identified by amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and were identified as belonging to the genus Haloferax. Seven haloarchaea strains were isolated from samples collected in Brazil (Nossa Senhora do Socorro-SE and Arraial do Cabo-RJ), one of them was identified as Halosarcina pallida. Two halophilic bacterial strains were isolated in medium containing 3 mM phenol as the sole source of carbon and energy, strain HU, which was isolated from a contaminated region of salt marsh in Huelva, Spain and strain AP isolated from wastewater from oil production (Petrobras / Sao Sebastiao-SP). These two strains were identified as Modicisalibacter tunisiensis and Arhodomonas aquaeolei, respectively. The two strains and Halomonas organivorans demonstrated the ability to degrade phenol. HU degraded 3 mM of phenol after 72 hours. These three strains have the genes for the enzyme catechol 1,2-dixiogenase and protocatecuato 3,4-dioxygenase. All the halophilic bacteria and haloarchaea strains were used for bioremediation of water from oil production and reduced the COD of effluent. Among the haloarchaea, strain AA31 promoted the highest reduction of COD present in the natural effluent (87.47%). Among the bacteria H. organivorans promoted the highest reduction of COD of the effluent (89.5%). These results demonstrate the great potential for degradation of aromatic compounds by the strains studied, as well as for the bioremediation of water produced during oil production / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos