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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Carry-over and interaction effects of different hand-milking techniques and milkers on milk

HE, Ran January 1986 (has links)
The main idea of this thesis is studying the importance of the carry-over effects and interaction effects in statistical models. To investigate it, a hand-milking experiment in Burkina Faso was studied. In many no electricity access countries, such as Burkina Faso, the amount of milk and milk compositions are still highly  relying on hand-milking techniques and milkers. Moreover, the time effects also plays a important role in stockbreeding system. Therefore, falling all effects, carry-over effects and interaction effects into a linear mixed effects model, it is concluded that the carry-over effects of milker and hand-milking techniques cannot be neglected, and the interaction effects among hand-milking techniques, different milkers, days and periods can be substantial.
2

Efeito do tipo de ordenha e ambiente sobre a qualidade do leite cru com base na contagem de células somáticas na mesorregião do Sul Goiano

Silva, Juliana Cassiano 12 February 2015 (has links)
The objective was to evaluate the effect of the type of milking and the environment in the quality of raw milk by identification the Somatic Cell Count - CCS in samples obtained from farms in the mesoregion of south goiano and correlate it with the different types of milk, and the milk components: fat, protein, lactose and total solids (ST). Furthermore, we sought to diagnose the prevalence of subclinical mastitis by CCS, evaluate the correlation between CCS and milking type with antimicrobial residues, and check the influence of season, temperature and humidity index (THI) and Equivalent Temperature Index (ITE) on the CCS. The research developed in farms with different types of milking, being divided into manual and mechanical milking. The datas were collected from January 2011 to December 2013, and in each property was collected a monthly sample in the expansion tank, a total of 8242 samples, which were later sent for analysis. The diagnosis of the milk quality held by electronic count of somatic cells, for the FossomaticTM® and the levels of the components were analyzed using the MilkoscanTM FT®, the detection of antibiotic residues was performed using the Delvotest-P and meteorological data were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology - INMET in Catalão-GO station. Among the variables type of it milks and subclinical mastitis, there was dependent relationship (p <0.05). The milking mechanics was the one with a higher prevalence of subclinical mastitis with 58% (910) of the samples presented CCS> 300.000 cells/mL. Among the variables type of milking and CCS advocated by Instruction n°62/2011 (BRASIL, 2011), there was a significant relationship (p <0.05). Only 19,53% (1610) of the samples had CCS > 500.000 cells/mL. According to the statistical analysis, there was a positive correlation between CCS and fat and ST, however, there was a negative correlation between the CCS and the protein and lactose contents. The type of milking and the somatic cell count did not affect the presence or absence of antimicrobial residues. During the rainy season has become a CCS elevation compared to the dry season, but there was no correlation between CCS and environmental indices (ITE and ITU). Regarding environmental indices can be seen that with the increase of the ITU occurred a decrease in fat and an increase in ST and lactose. It can be concluded that the type of manual milking showed the lowest prevalence of subclinical mastitis in relation to milking and with elevated CCS is a reduction in the concentrations of protein and lactose and an increase in fat and total solids in the raw milk. / Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do tipo de ordenha e do ambiente na qualidade do leite cru por meio da identificação da Contagem de Células Somáticas - CCS nas amostras obtidas das propriedades rurais da mesorregião do sul goiano e correlacioná-las com os diferentes tipos de ordenha, bem como os componentes do leite: gordura, proteína, lactose e sólidos totais (ST). Ademais, buscou-se também diagnosticar a prevalência da mastite subclínica por meio da CCS, avaliar a correlação entre CCS e tipo de ordenha com os resíduos de antimicrobianos, verificar a influência do período do ano, Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU) e Índice de Temperatura Equivalente (ITE) sobre a CCS. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se em fazendas com diferentes tipos de ordenha, sendo essas divididas em ordenha manual e mecânica. O trabalho de campo foi realizado de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2013, sendo que em cada propriedade foi coletada uma amostra mensal no tanque de expansão, perfazendo um total de 8242 amostras, que posteriormente, foram enviadas para análise. O diagnóstico da qualidade do leite realizou-se por meio da CCS, pelo aparelho FossomaticTM®, os teores dos componentes foram analisados utilizando-se o MilkoscanTM FT®, a detecção de resíduos de antimicrobianos foi realizada através do Delvotest-P e os dados meteorológicos foram obtidos do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia- INMET na estação de Catalão-GO. Entre as variáveis tipo de ordenha e mastite subclínica, houve relação de dependência (p<0,05). A ordenha mecânica foi a que obteve maior prevalência de mastite subclínica, 58% (910) com CCS > 300.000 células/mL. Entre as variáveis tipo de ordenha e a CCS preconizada pela Instrução Normativa n°62/2011 (BRASIL, 2011), houve relação significativa (p<0,05). Apenas 19,53% (1610) apresentaram CCS > 500.000 células/mL. De acordo com a análise estatística, existiu correlação positiva entre a CCS e o teor de gordura e ST, porém houve uma correlação negativa entre a CCS e os teores de proteína e lactose. O tipo de ordenha e a contagem de células somáticas não interferiram na presença ou ausência de resíduos de antimicrobianos. No período da chuva tem-se uma elevação de CCS se comparado ao período da seca, porém não houve correlação entre CCS e os índices ambientais (ITE e ITU). Em relação aos índices ambientais pode-se observar que com a elevação do ITU ocorreu uma redução nos teores de gordura e ST e um aumento no teor de lactose. Pode-se concluir que o tipo de ordenha manual obteve a menor prevalência de mastite subclínica em relação à ordenha mecânica e com a elevação da CCS tem-se uma redução nas concentrações dos teores de proteína e lactose e um aumento nos teores de gordura e sólidos totais do leite cru. / Mestre em Ciências Veterinárias

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