Typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1979 A84 / Master of Science

A Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) é uma planta herbácea, nativa da Ásia e aclimatada no Brasil. As folhas apresentam até 1,4% do peso seco em artemisinina, sendo fonte abundante desta lactona sesquiterpênica que, conjuntamente aos seus derivados semi-sintéticos, apresentam ação efetiva contra as cepas resistentes das espécies de Plasmodium causadoras da malária. A artemisinina também está sendo testada com sucesso no tratamento de câncer e apresenta-se efetiva contra inúmeros parasitas que afetam a saúde humana e animal. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar as épocas de plantio e colheita da cultivar Artemis de A. annua em Pato Branco-PR, como também, determinar em campo o fotoperíodo crítico e o número de ciclos fotoindutivos necessários para o florescimento desta cultivar. Um segundo experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar o potencial alelopático desta espécie sobre sementes de alface e leiteiro. No experimento em campo, os tratamentos utilizados foram seis diferentes épocas de plantio, sendo as 09 plantas centrais das parcelas colhidas para a determinação da massa seca de folha e caules, relação folha/caule e teor de artemisinina na massa seca de folhas quando 50% das plantas da parcela iniciaram a emissão dos botões florais. O número de ciclos fotoindutivos encontrado para a cultivar Artemis foi de aproximadamente 36 ciclos e o fotoperíodo crítico aproximado foi de 13 horas, que ocorreu em 09/02/2007 em Pato Branco-PR. Esse resultado determinou que a época de colheita para a cultivar Artemis, na região de Pato Branco-PR, deve ser na segunda quinzena do mês de março. O maior rendimento de biomassa nesse experimento ocorreu no plantio de 27/07/2007, 231 dias após o transplantio, mas recomenda-se tomar cuidado com as geadas que podem ocorrer até a primeira quinzena de setembro, sugerindo-se optar pelo plantio na segunda quinzena de setembro, período livre de geadas na região. Os maiores teores de artemisinina (em média 0,80% na matéria seca de folhas) foram obtidos nas épocas que mais vegetaram a campo devido à maior produção de biomassa. Para o experimento de alelopatia, o extrato aquoso bruto foi preparado a partir de folhas frescas na proporção de 1 L de água destilada para 250 g do material. Foram utilizadas as seguintes concentrações do extrato aquoso: 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% e 0% (água destilada). Foram analisadas as variáveis germinabilidade, velocidade média de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, comprimento da radícula e massa seca das plântulas. Extratos aquosos de A. annua apresentaram ação alelopática inibitória sobre a germinação de sementes e o desenvolvimento de plântulas de alface e leiteiro. / The Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) is a herbaceous plant, native of Asia and acclimated in Brazil. The leaves are abundant source of artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone that, jointly to yours derived semi-synthetic, they present effectiveness action against the resistant stumps of the species of Plasmodium against malaria. The artemisinin is also being tested with success in the cancer treatment and against countless parasites that affect the human and animal health. The objectives of this work went to determine the planting times and crop of the cultivar Artemis of A. annua in Pato Branco-PR, as well as, to determine in field the critical photoperiod and the number of inductive photoperiod for the flowering of this cultivar. A second experiment was accomplished with the objective of determining the allellopathic effect of this species on lettuce seeds and wild poinsettia. In the experiment in field, the treatments were six different transplant times, being the 09 central plants of the portions picked for the determination of the mass dries of leaf and stems, relationship leaf/stems and artemisinin in the mass dries of leaves when 50% of the plants of the portion began the emission of the floral buttons. The number of cycles inductive found for the cultivar Artemis was of approximately 36 cycles and the critical photoperiod was approximately 13 hours, that happened in 09/02/2007 in Pato Branco-PR. This results determines that the crop time for cultivar Artemis, in Pato Branco-PR will be in the second fortnight of the month of March. The largest biomass income in that experiment happened in the planting of 27/07/2007, 231 days after the transplant, but it is recommended to take care with the frost that can happen until the first fortnight of September, suggesting choose for the transplant in the second fortnight of September, period free from frost in the area. The largest artemisinin tenor (0,88% in dry matter leaves) was obtained in the times that more they vegetated to field due to the largest biomass production. Besides this experiment, a second experiment was developed to determine the allellopathic effects of this species on lettuce seeds and wild poinsetia. The aqueous extract was prepared starting from fresh leaves in the proportion of 1 L of water distilled for 250 g of the material, after, the extract was filtrate and centrifuged, being used the sobrenadante. The following concentrations of the extract were used: 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% (distilled water). They were analyzed the variables germinability, germination velocity, germination time, length of the radicle and weight of the dry matter of the seedlings. Aqueous extracts of A. annua is allellopathic on the germination and development of lettuce and wild poinsettia seedlings.

A Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) é uma planta herbácea, nativa da Ásia e aclimatada no Brasil. As folhas apresentam até 1,4% do peso seco em artemisinina, sendo fonte abundante desta lactona sesquiterpênica que, conjuntamente aos seus derivados semi-sintéticos, apresentam ação efetiva contra as cepas resistentes das espécies de Plasmodium causadoras da malária. A artemisinina também está sendo testada com sucesso no tratamento de câncer e apresenta-se efetiva contra inúmeros parasitas que afetam a saúde humana e animal. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar as épocas de plantio e colheita da cultivar Artemis de A. annua em Pato Branco-PR, como também, determinar em campo o fotoperíodo crítico e o número de ciclos fotoindutivos necessários para o florescimento desta cultivar. Um segundo experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar o potencial alelopático desta espécie sobre sementes de alface e leiteiro. No experimento em campo, os tratamentos utilizados foram seis diferentes épocas de plantio, sendo as 09 plantas centrais das parcelas colhidas para a determinação da massa seca de folha e caules, relação folha/caule e teor de artemisinina na massa seca de folhas quando 50% das plantas da parcela iniciaram a emissão dos botões florais. O número de ciclos fotoindutivos encontrado para a cultivar Artemis foi de aproximadamente 36 ciclos e o fotoperíodo crítico aproximado foi de 13 horas, que ocorreu em 09/02/2007 em Pato Branco-PR. Esse resultado determinou que a época de colheita para a cultivar Artemis, na região de Pato Branco-PR, deve ser na segunda quinzena do mês de março. O maior rendimento de biomassa nesse experimento ocorreu no plantio de 27/07/2007, 231 dias após o transplantio, mas recomenda-se tomar cuidado com as geadas que podem ocorrer até a primeira quinzena de setembro, sugerindo-se optar pelo plantio na segunda quinzena de setembro, período livre de geadas na região. Os maiores teores de artemisinina (em média 0,80% na matéria seca de folhas) foram obtidos nas épocas que mais vegetaram a campo devido à maior produção de biomassa. Para o experimento de alelopatia, o extrato aquoso bruto foi preparado a partir de folhas frescas na proporção de 1 L de água destilada para 250 g do material. Foram utilizadas as seguintes concentrações do extrato aquoso: 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% e 0% (água destilada). Foram analisadas as variáveis germinabilidade, velocidade média de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, comprimento da radícula e massa seca das plântulas. Extratos aquosos de A. annua apresentaram ação alelopática inibitória sobre a germinação de sementes e o desenvolvimento de plântulas de alface e leiteiro. / The Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) is a herbaceous plant, native of Asia and acclimated in Brazil. The leaves are abundant source of artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone that, jointly to yours derived semi-synthetic, they present effectiveness action against the resistant stumps of the species of Plasmodium against malaria. The artemisinin is also being tested with success in the cancer treatment and against countless parasites that affect the human and animal health. The objectives of this work went to determine the planting times and crop of the cultivar Artemis of A. annua in Pato Branco-PR, as well as, to determine in field the critical photoperiod and the number of inductive photoperiod for the flowering of this cultivar. A second experiment was accomplished with the objective of determining the allellopathic effect of this species on lettuce seeds and wild poinsettia. In the experiment in field, the treatments were six different transplant times, being the 09 central plants of the portions picked for the determination of the mass dries of leaf and stems, relationship leaf/stems and artemisinin in the mass dries of leaves when 50% of the plants of the portion began the emission of the floral buttons. The number of cycles inductive found for the cultivar Artemis was of approximately 36 cycles and the critical photoperiod was approximately 13 hours, that happened in 09/02/2007 in Pato Branco-PR. This results determines that the crop time for cultivar Artemis, in Pato Branco-PR will be in the second fortnight of the month of March. The largest biomass income in that experiment happened in the planting of 27/07/2007, 231 days after the transplant, but it is recommended to take care with the frost that can happen until the first fortnight of September, suggesting choose for the transplant in the second fortnight of September, period free from frost in the area. The largest artemisinin tenor (0,88% in dry matter leaves) was obtained in the times that more they vegetated to field due to the largest biomass production. Besides this experiment, a second experiment was developed to determine the allellopathic effects of this species on lettuce seeds and wild poinsetia. The aqueous extract was prepared starting from fresh leaves in the proportion of 1 L of water distilled for 250 g of the material, after, the extract was filtrate and centrifuged, being used the sobrenadante. The following concentrations of the extract were used: 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% (distilled water). They were analyzed the variables germinability, germination velocity, germination time, length of the radicle and weight of the dry matter of the seedlings. Aqueous extracts of A. annua is allellopathic on the germination and development of lettuce and wild poinsettia seedlings.

This study was undertaken to determine the effects and nutritive value of Leucaena leucocephala when it was incorporated in a total mixed ration (TMR) fed to milk goats. This was to test the use of Leucaena to substitute for oilseed cake meals (OSCM) which are believed to be expensive and generally unavailable in many parts of the rural areas of South Africa. Four trials were conducted at the University of Pretoria Research Farm and analyses were carried out at the Nutrition laboratory of the University of Pretoria. Leucaena forage contained enough nutrients to allow it to be used as a substitute for OSCM and to a large extent was also the source of protein and roughage in the TMR. The leaves of Leucaena had a higher crude protein, mineral and mimosine concentration but lower fibre content than the pods and twigs; while the air dried Leucaena forage had a higher crude protein and lower fibre content than sun dried forage. This study showed that there was a higher crude protein and mimosine concentration but a lower fibre concentration from the Leucaena harvested in summer than that harvested in autumn. Milk yield and quality was not adversely affected by the inclusion of Leucaena in the milk goat diet at the rate of 25% of the DM, with the exception of milk urea nitrogen. The inclusion of Leucaena decreased the milk urea nitrogen as compared to that shown from TMR without Leucaena. The body weight and body condition of lactating goats were also not affected by inclusion of Leucaena during the three phases of the lactation period. Therefore, the inclusion of Leucaena in the milk goat diet has been shown to support production of milk in terms of yield and quality which was similar to that of goats fed a commercial diet. There was no significant difference in milk composition in terms of milk lactose and milk protein for milk produced in the morning and afternoon between goats fed the two diets, even though the morning milk yield was higher than the afternoon yield because of the unequal milking intervals. However, the milk composition in terms of milk urea nitrogen, milk fat and somatic cell counts varied greatly between morning and afternoon milking. The apparent digestibility, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio of Saanen male goats were not affected by the inclusion of Leucaena in the TMR, as compared to the TMR without Leucaena. However the voluntary dry matter and nutrients intake were improved by the inclusion of Leucaena in the TMR. No toxicity of mimosine was observed during this study. The results of this study also showed that the inclusion of Leucaena in the total mixed ration had no effect on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of goats as compared to those fed a TMR containing OSCM. / Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / unrestricted

Thesis (M.Sc. Agriculture (Horticulture)) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / Avocado ‘Hass’ fruit characteristically change skin colour from green to deep purple or black during ripening. However, there is an ongoing debate about the use of ‘Hass’ avocado fruit skin colour change as an indicator for ripening and whether pre- and post-harvest factors can alter this relationship. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of harvest season, harvest time, ripening temperature and ripening days on ‘Hass’ avocado fruit skin colour change during ripening. The experiment was carried out as 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 factorial with three replicates. The experiment consisted of four treatment factors: 2 x harvest season (2014 and 2015), 3 x harvest time (May-early, June-mid and July-late), 3 x ripening temperature (16, 21 and 25°C) and 5 x ripening days (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8). Fruit were stored at industry recommended temperature of 5.5°C. After storage, fruit were ripened at 16, 21 and 25°C, therefore, evaluated at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days for subjective and objective skin colour, fruit firmness, ripening percentage and chilling injury. Harvest season, harvest time, ripening temperature and ripening days had a significant effect (P<0.001) on ‘Hass’ avocado fruit skin subjective colour development during ripening. However, amongst the treatment factors; harvest time, ripening temperature and ripening days were the predominant factors in skin subjective colour development variation. Hence, late harvest fruit showed an improved skin colour development at higher temperature (25°C) at day 4 to ripening when compared with early and mid-harvest fruit. Moreover, skin lightness showed a decreasing trend during all harvest time and ripening temperature throughout days to ripening during 2014 and 2015 harvest season. Furthermore, ripening at higher temperature (25°C) resulted in rapid decrease on fruit firmness when compared with lower temperature (16°C), irrespective of harvest season and harvest time. In addition, mid-season fruit showed significantly higher chilling damage during the 2014 harvest season. In conclusion, the study showed that harvest season, harvest time, ripening temperature and ripening days factors had a significant influence on ‘Hass’ avocado fruit skin colour development, firmness and susceptibility to chilling injury. / Agricultural Sector Education Training Authority (AgriSeta) and Postharvest Innovation Programme (PHI)