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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

The donors¡¦ knowledge about HBV and HCV who live in Kaohsiung and Pingtung area

Lin, Kuan-tsou 09 August 2007 (has links)
Taiwan is high prevalence area in viral hepatitis. The prevalence rate is 17.3% in HBV but 4.4% in HCV. Taiwan government has started HBV vaccine policy since 1984. They hope to terminate the vertical infection and get good effectiveness. Now, HCV prevention is a important program for Taiwan. This survey wants to understand the donors¡¦ knowledge about HBV and HCV who live in Kaohsiung and Pingtung area. There are 321 available questionnaires. Male are 117(50.6%) and female are 114(49.4%). The result shows that cognition about HBV is better than HCV. The question ¡V ¡§HBV could be infected if dinner with someone who is HBV carrier.¡¨ is given false almost 47.2% but 47.6% in HCV. The donors who believe it will be infected HBV by donate blood are over 50% and same as HCV. The results show that donors have some mistake concept in transmission path, particularly in the safety about donate blood.
12

Epidemic Patterns of Hepatitis Type B Virus (HBV) and Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I) in Two ATL-Endemic Islands in Kyushu, Japan

TAJIMA, KAZUO, KINOSHITA, KEN-ICHIRO, NAGATOMO, MASAZUMI, SHIRAHAMA, SATOSHI, ITO, SHIN-ICHIRO, TACHIBANA, KAZUNORI 03 1900 (has links)
No description available.
13

Análises moleculares e filogenéticas de isolados do vírus da hepatite B em Luanda, Angola

Lago, Bárbara do Vieira January 2010 (has links)
Submitted by Alessandra Portugal (alessandradf@ioc.fiocruz.br) on 2013-09-19T10:59:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BÁRBARA VIEIRA DO LAGO.pdf: 2140185 bytes, checksum: 9c5e08ce133a045f4fffdbc15c6ce1ff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-19T10:59:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BÁRBARA VIEIRA DO LAGO.pdf: 2140185 bytes, checksum: 9c5e08ce133a045f4fffdbc15c6ce1ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / A infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B (HBV) representa um grave problema de saúde pública mundial, apesar da existência de uma vacina eficiente. Estima-se que cerca de 400 milhões de indivíduos no mundo estejam cronicamente infectados, com uma estimativa de 65 milhões de portadores crônicos do HBV na África. Os oito genótipos do HBV (A-H) apresentam distribuição mundial característica, que reflete suas origens e o fluxo migratório das populações infectadas. Devido à sua área geográfica restrita, isolados do HBV do genótipo E não têm sido extensivamente estudados. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a diversidade genética do HBV entre indivíduos positivos para o HBsAg em Luanda, Angola. Um total de 31 de 43 amostras foram amplificadas com sucesso para o genoma completo do HBV (aproximadamente 3,200 pares de bases) por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Quinze genomas completos do HBV puderam ser sequenciados diretamente a partir de seus produtos de PCR. Quatorze deles foram classificados como HBV/E, e um como HBV/A/A1. Conforme vem sendo descrito para o genótipo E, as distâncias genéticas entre as amostras foram baixas: 1,0% para o genoma completo; 0,7% para a pré-S/S; 0,9% para a polimerase, 1,7% para a pré-C/C e 1,2% para a ORF X. Análises nucleotídicas da região pré-S/S/Pol, demonstraram que 3 pacientes com coinfecção HIV-HBV sob terapia (HAART), possuíam mutações de resistência a lamivudina e em um deles verificou-se também uma mutação de resistência ao adefovir. Em relação à região pré-C/C, verificou-se em 3 das amostras presença da dupla mutação A1762T-G1764A do BCP, associada ou não às substituições G1896A e G1899A. Dentre as 5 amostras clonadas com sucesso, 4 foram classificadas como HBV/E E, e uma como HBV/A/A1. A análise filogenética das subpopulações evidenciou assinaturas moleculares e deleções específicas de cada população. Este estudo poderá contribuir para um maior conhecimento sobre a variabilidade genética dos isolados de HBV circulantes em Angola, bem como para elucidar características sobre a patogênese e o curso clínico da doença que visem à adoção de medidas preventivas e de controle da infecção / Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major global human health problems, despite the introduction of vaccination programs. It is estimated that more than 400 million people are chronically infected with HBV worldwide, among then 65 million are living in Africa. The sequence heterogeneity of HBV isolates has led to the classification of HBV into eight genotypes, A to H, based on full-length genomic divergence of more than 8%. Genotype E is mainly found in Sub-Saharan Africa. Due to their restricted geographic prevalence area, HBV genotype E isolates have not been extensively studied with regard to genetic variability. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of HBV complete genome from HBsAg positive individuals in Luanda, Angola. From a total of 43 samples, 31 were amplified successfully for the HBV complete genome (approximately 3.200 bp) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifteen HBV complete genomes were sequenced directly from their PCR products. For them, fourteen were classified as HBV/E, and one as HBV/A/A1. The genetic distances between the samples were low, as described for genotype E: 1.0% for the entire genome, 0.7% for pre-S/S, 0.9% for polymerase, 1.7% for pre-C/C and 1.2% for ORF X. Pre-S/S/Pol region nucleotide sequence analysis from 3 patients with HIV-HBV coinfection under HAART therapy, presented lamivudine resistance mutations and one of these 3, presented also adefovir resistance mutation. Regarding the region of the pre-C/C, it was found in 3 samples a BCP double mutation A1762T-G1764A, with or without G1896A and G1899A substitutions. Subpopulations analysis of five different samples, 4 classified as HBV/E, and one as HBV/A/A1 revealed molecular signatures specific to each population. This study will contributes to a better knowledge about HBV genetic variability strains circulating in Angola, and to elucidate the molecular features and clinical characteristics aiming the adoption of preventive measures and infection control.
14

Ocorrência de marcadores dos vírus da hepatite B e C e de infecção oculta pelo vírus da hepatite B em pacientes com hanseníase na Paraíba

COSTA, Joanne Elizabeth Ferraz da 23 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Pedro Barros (pedro.silvabarros@ufpe.br) on 2018-07-04T21:58:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Joanne Elizabeth Ferraz da Costa.pdf: 2278940 bytes, checksum: 1c859c1af00d5a7b77cc6bfc186c9e49 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-04T21:58:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Joanne Elizabeth Ferraz da Costa.pdf: 2278940 bytes, checksum: 1c859c1af00d5a7b77cc6bfc186c9e49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / CAPES / Estudos têm reportado maiores prevalências de marcadores sorológicos do vírus da hepatite B (HBV) e da hepatite C (HCV) em pacientes hansênicos e sua associação com os episódios reacionais. Por outro lado, a deficiência imune apresentada por esses pacientes pode predispor à ocorrência de infecção oculta pelo HBV. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a prevalência e fatores de risco para os marcadores sorológicos do HBV e do HCV e para a infecção oculta pelo HBV em pacientes com hanseníase. Foi realizado estudo transversal no período de fevereiro de 2015 a janeiro de 2016 em pacientes de Centro de Referência em hanseníase na Paraíba, que após assinatura de termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido foram submetidos à entrevista e coleta de amostras sanguíneas. Os testes sorológicos (ELISA) foram realizados no Setor de Virologia do Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA) da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Amostras de plasma foram encaminhadas ao Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Paraíba para estudo molecular (HBV DNA; HCV RNA) por PCR em tempo real. Foram incluídos 403 pacientes no estudo sorológico e 114 pacientes na pesquisa da infecção oculta (HBV DNA). Foi observada frequência de anti-HBc de 14,1% (57/403), de HBsAg 0% (0/403), de anti-HBs isolado 14,1% (57/403), de anti-HCV 0,5% (2/403) e de infecção oculta por HBV 5,3% (6/114). Quanto aos fatores de risco, identificou-se associação do anti-HBc com ter trabalhado na área de saúde e com um menor número de anos de estudo (até nove anos). Não foi observada associação do anti-HBc ou anti-HCV com episódios reacionais, porém identificou-se associação da infecção oculta pelo HBV com história de episódio reacional tipo 2. Assim, as prevalências dos marcadores do HBV e do HCV em hansênicos de Centro de Referência na região Nordeste foram semelhantes às da população geral da mesma região, sugerindo que estes pacientes não apresentam propensão para a infecção crônica por esses vírus. Este foi o primeiro estudo no Brasil sobre a infecção oculta pelo HBV em hansênicos, demonstrando que a pesquisa do HBV DNA deve ser considerada durante o acompanhamento do paciente com hanseníase, tendo em vista a possibilidade de ocorrência de infecção oculta nesses indivíduos. Estudos prospectivos que incluam maior número de pacientes poderão contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da influência da infecção oculta na evolução da hanseníase e em seu tratamento. / Studies have reported higher prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in leprosy patients and its association with reactional episodes. On the other hand, the immune deficiency presented by these patients may predispose to occult HBV infection. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV serological markers and for occult HBV infection in leprosy patients. A cross-sectional study was carried out from February 2015 to January 2016 with patients from a Leprosy Reference Center in Paraíba. After signing a free and informed consent form, these patients were interviewed and submitted to collection of blood samples. Serological tests (ELISA) were carried out in the Virology Sector of the Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), using commercial kits (HBsAg, Wiener; anti-HBc and anti-HBs, DiaSorin). Plasma samples were sent to the Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Paraíba for molecular tests (HBV DNA; HCV RNA), using real-time PCR. A total of 403 patients were enrolled in the serological study and 114 patients in the occult HBV infection study. Anti-HBc frequency was 14.1% (57/403), HBsAg 0% (0/403), anti-HBs alone 14.1% (57/403), anti-HCV 0.5% (2/403) and occult HBV infection 5.3% (6/114). Regarding risk factors, we identified an association between anti-HBc and multibacillary leprosy classification, with health-related job and with fewer years of study (up to nine years). No association of anti-HBc or anti-HCV with reactional episodes was observed, but the association of occult HBV infection with a history of type 2 reaction episode was identified. Thus, the prevalence of HBV and HCV markers in leprosy patients of a Reference Center in Northest region were similar to that of the general population, suggesting that these patients are not prone to chronic infection by these viruses. This was the first study on occult HBV infection in leprosy patients in Brazil, demonstrating that HBV DNA screening should be considered during follow-up of leprosy patients, considering the possibility of occult infection in these individuals. Further prospective studies involving greater number of patients may contribute to a better understanding of the influence of occult HBV infection on leprosy evolution and its treatment.
15

Soroprevalência da infecção pelos vírus da hepatite B e D em dois municípios da região do Baixo Munim, Maranhão, Brasil / Seroprevalence of infection by hepatitides B and D in two municipalities from Baixo Munim, Maranhão, Brazil

Silva, Ilana Mirian Almeida Felipe da 17 October 2014 (has links)
As hepatites virais são um grave problema de saúde pública no mundo e no Brasil Taxas variadas de prevalência em diferentes regiões e grupos populacionais têm sido encontradas no país. Além disto, o HDV foi recentemente identificado em uma população do Estado do Maranhão. Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a soroprevalência para HBV e HDV e identificar fatores associados ao vírus da hepatite B, em uma população do Baixo Munim, região rura próxima aos Lençóis Maranhenses, com precário nível de desenvolvimento econômico e social. Em uma população composta de 30.000 indivíduos, obteve-se uma amostra representativa de 1.249 indivíduos residentes nos municípios de Axixá (n=482) e Morros (n=760). Os participantes foram entrevistados com relação a suas caraterísticas sociodemográficas e comportamentais e foram coletadas amostras para a detecção dos marcadores sorológicos: HBsAg, anti-HBc total, anti-HBs e anti HDV total. Para o processamento e análise dos dados, foi utilizado o programa System Requirements for SAS 9.2. Do total de participantes, com idade variando de um a 96 anos (média de 27,4 ± 20,1 anos), 56,2% eram do sexo feminino, sendo que 71,0% eram da cor parda, 63,6% tinham apenas o ensino fundamental e 52,2% viviam com renda abaixo de um salário mínimo. As principais ocupações eram estudantes, agricultores e pescadores. A prevalência global da infecção pelo HBV fo de 41,3% (IC 95%: 38,6 - 44,1). A taxa de indivíduos reativos para HBsAg foi de 0,3% e para o HBsAg associado ao anti-HBc total foi 1,4%, sendo que ambas situações representam infecção atual. A associação do anti-HBc com o anti-HBs indicativo de infecção pregressa, foi verificada em 26,2% dos indivíduos. A presença do anti-HBc isolado foi identificada em 13,4% dos entrevistados. A presença do anti HBs isolado, indicativo de imunidade obtida por vacina, foi encontrada em 26% da população estudada, enquanto que, a porcentagem de indivíduos suscetíveis (ausência de marcadores) foi de 32,7%. Apenas uma amostra, dentre os indivíduos HBsAg reativos, foi reagente ao HDV, representando uma prevalência do anti-HDV total de 4,8%. Com emprego de um modelo de análise multivariada foi identificada associação significativa entre a infecção para hepatite B, residir no município de Morros e ter idade superior a 20 anos. Estes dados epidemiológicos revelam importante índice de infecção pelo HBV e presença do HDV na área estudada, além de demonstrar vulnerabilidade da população com relação a HBV devido a presença de baixa imunidade vacinal e considerável número de indivíduos suscetíveis. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de intensificação de programas de educação em saúde e imunização para a hepatite B, visando, principalmente, a diminuição da chance de transmissão entre crianças e jovens, além da adoção de práticas de controle e monitoramento epidemiológico destas infecções na população estudada / Viral hepatitides are a severe public health problem around the world and in Brazil. Various prevalence rates have been found in different regions and population groups in the country. In addition, recently, HDV has been identified in a population from the State of Maranhão. In that sense, the objective in this study was to investigate the seroprevalence for HBV and HDV and to identify factors associated with the hepatitis B virus in a population from Baixo Munim, a rural region near Lençóis Maranhenses, with precarious economic and social development levels. In a population of 30,000 individuals, a representative sample of 1,249 individuals was obtained, living in Axixá (n=482) and Morros (n=760). The participants were interviewed with regard to their sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and samples were collected to detect the serological markers: HBsAg, total anti-HBc, anti-HBs and total anti-HDV. To process and analyze the data, the software System Requirements for SAS 9.2 was used. Among the participants, whose ages ranged between one and 96 years (mean 27.4 ± 20.1 years), 56.2% were female, 71.0% mulatto, 63.6% had only finished primary education and 52.2% gained an income of less than one minimum wage. The main occupations were: students, farmers and fishermen. The global prevalence of infection by HBV was 41.3% (95% CI: 38.6 - 44.1). The rate of individuals reactive to HBsAg was 0.3% and for HBsAg associated with total anti-HBc 1.4%. Both situations represent current infection. The association between anti-HBc and anti-HBs, indicating earlier infection, was found in 26.2% of the individuals. The presence of isolated anti-HBc was identified in 13.4% of the interviewees. The presence of isolated anti-HBs, indicating immunity through vaccination, was found in 26% of the study population, while the percentage of susceptible individuals (absence of markers) corresponded to 32.7%. Only one sample among the HBsAg- reactive individuals was reactive to HDV, representing a total anti-HDV prevalence of 4.8%. Using a multivariate analysis model, a significant association was identified between infection by hepatitis B, living in Morros and being over 20 years of age. These epidemiological data reveal an important HBV infection rate and the presence of HDV in the study area, besides demonstrating the population\'s vulnerability to HBV due to the presence of low vaccination immunity and the considerable number of susceptible individuals. The results indicate the need to intensify health education programs and immunization to hepatitis B, mainly aiming to reduce the chance of transmission among children and young people, as well as to adopt control and epidemiological monitoring practices of these infections in the study population
16

Soroprevalência da infecção pelos vírus da hepatite B e D em dois municípios da região do Baixo Munim, Maranhão, Brasil / Seroprevalence of infection by hepatitides B and D in two municipalities from Baixo Munim, Maranhão, Brazil

Ilana Mirian Almeida Felipe da Silva 17 October 2014 (has links)
As hepatites virais são um grave problema de saúde pública no mundo e no Brasil Taxas variadas de prevalência em diferentes regiões e grupos populacionais têm sido encontradas no país. Além disto, o HDV foi recentemente identificado em uma população do Estado do Maranhão. Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a soroprevalência para HBV e HDV e identificar fatores associados ao vírus da hepatite B, em uma população do Baixo Munim, região rura próxima aos Lençóis Maranhenses, com precário nível de desenvolvimento econômico e social. Em uma população composta de 30.000 indivíduos, obteve-se uma amostra representativa de 1.249 indivíduos residentes nos municípios de Axixá (n=482) e Morros (n=760). Os participantes foram entrevistados com relação a suas caraterísticas sociodemográficas e comportamentais e foram coletadas amostras para a detecção dos marcadores sorológicos: HBsAg, anti-HBc total, anti-HBs e anti HDV total. Para o processamento e análise dos dados, foi utilizado o programa System Requirements for SAS 9.2. Do total de participantes, com idade variando de um a 96 anos (média de 27,4 ± 20,1 anos), 56,2% eram do sexo feminino, sendo que 71,0% eram da cor parda, 63,6% tinham apenas o ensino fundamental e 52,2% viviam com renda abaixo de um salário mínimo. As principais ocupações eram estudantes, agricultores e pescadores. A prevalência global da infecção pelo HBV fo de 41,3% (IC 95%: 38,6 - 44,1). A taxa de indivíduos reativos para HBsAg foi de 0,3% e para o HBsAg associado ao anti-HBc total foi 1,4%, sendo que ambas situações representam infecção atual. A associação do anti-HBc com o anti-HBs indicativo de infecção pregressa, foi verificada em 26,2% dos indivíduos. A presença do anti-HBc isolado foi identificada em 13,4% dos entrevistados. A presença do anti HBs isolado, indicativo de imunidade obtida por vacina, foi encontrada em 26% da população estudada, enquanto que, a porcentagem de indivíduos suscetíveis (ausência de marcadores) foi de 32,7%. Apenas uma amostra, dentre os indivíduos HBsAg reativos, foi reagente ao HDV, representando uma prevalência do anti-HDV total de 4,8%. Com emprego de um modelo de análise multivariada foi identificada associação significativa entre a infecção para hepatite B, residir no município de Morros e ter idade superior a 20 anos. Estes dados epidemiológicos revelam importante índice de infecção pelo HBV e presença do HDV na área estudada, além de demonstrar vulnerabilidade da população com relação a HBV devido a presença de baixa imunidade vacinal e considerável número de indivíduos suscetíveis. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de intensificação de programas de educação em saúde e imunização para a hepatite B, visando, principalmente, a diminuição da chance de transmissão entre crianças e jovens, além da adoção de práticas de controle e monitoramento epidemiológico destas infecções na população estudada / Viral hepatitides are a severe public health problem around the world and in Brazil. Various prevalence rates have been found in different regions and population groups in the country. In addition, recently, HDV has been identified in a population from the State of Maranhão. In that sense, the objective in this study was to investigate the seroprevalence for HBV and HDV and to identify factors associated with the hepatitis B virus in a population from Baixo Munim, a rural region near Lençóis Maranhenses, with precarious economic and social development levels. In a population of 30,000 individuals, a representative sample of 1,249 individuals was obtained, living in Axixá (n=482) and Morros (n=760). The participants were interviewed with regard to their sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and samples were collected to detect the serological markers: HBsAg, total anti-HBc, anti-HBs and total anti-HDV. To process and analyze the data, the software System Requirements for SAS 9.2 was used. Among the participants, whose ages ranged between one and 96 years (mean 27.4 ± 20.1 years), 56.2% were female, 71.0% mulatto, 63.6% had only finished primary education and 52.2% gained an income of less than one minimum wage. The main occupations were: students, farmers and fishermen. The global prevalence of infection by HBV was 41.3% (95% CI: 38.6 - 44.1). The rate of individuals reactive to HBsAg was 0.3% and for HBsAg associated with total anti-HBc 1.4%. Both situations represent current infection. The association between anti-HBc and anti-HBs, indicating earlier infection, was found in 26.2% of the individuals. The presence of isolated anti-HBc was identified in 13.4% of the interviewees. The presence of isolated anti-HBs, indicating immunity through vaccination, was found in 26% of the study population, while the percentage of susceptible individuals (absence of markers) corresponded to 32.7%. Only one sample among the HBsAg- reactive individuals was reactive to HDV, representing a total anti-HDV prevalence of 4.8%. Using a multivariate analysis model, a significant association was identified between infection by hepatitis B, living in Morros and being over 20 years of age. These epidemiological data reveal an important HBV infection rate and the presence of HDV in the study area, besides demonstrating the population\'s vulnerability to HBV due to the presence of low vaccination immunity and the considerable number of susceptible individuals. The results indicate the need to intensify health education programs and immunization to hepatitis B, mainly aiming to reduce the chance of transmission among children and young people, as well as to adopt control and epidemiological monitoring practices of these infections in the study population
17

Interactions in vivo entre l’immunité innée intrahépatique et la réplication du virus de l’hépatite B / In vivo interplay between intrahepatic host innate immune response and HBV reblication

Lebossé, Fanny 29 October 2015 (has links)
La complexité de la prise en charge des hépatites B chroniques est en partie liée à la persistance virale. La clairance du virus est compliquée du fait du mode de réplication du virus et de l'interaction de HBV avec les acteurs de la réponse immunitaire innée. On distingue plusieurs stades d'infection chronique à HBV, qui se caractérisent par un équilibre variable entre réplication virale et réponse immunitaire de l'hôte. La définition clinique de ces différentes phases est insuffisante pour discriminer le risque évolutif des patients. Des études de cohorte sont nécessaires pour mieux appréhender les relations entre réplication virale et immunité lors des infections chroniques à HBV. Le premier travail est une étude de cohorte rétrospective s'intéressant aux relations entre marqueurs virologiques sériques et intrahépatiques et expression intrahépatique des gènes de l'immunité innée. Les gènes de l'immunité innée étudiés sont moins exprimés au cours des hépatites B chroniques en comparaison à des contrôles sains, sans influence de la réplication virale. Le taux d'AgHBs sérique pourrait refléter l'importance de la réponse immunitaire innée intrahépatique, notamment la réponse IFN de type I pour les patients négatifs pour l'AgHBe. Le deuxième travail est une étude de cohorte prospective, qui ne retrouve pas de bénéfice à l'addition d'un traitement par PEG-IFN chez des patients co-infectés HBV/HIV et répondant au traitement par NUCS. Cette étude souligne de façon intéressante que le taux d'AgHBs à l'initiation du traitement pourrait être prédictif de la réponse au traitement, des taux plus faibles d'AgHBs étant favorables. L'ensemble de ces résultats démontre l'importance de la relation entre réponse immunitaire et réplication virale pour expliquer les différentes phases de l'hépatite B chronique. Ces résultats pourraient se révéler intéressants pour le développement de nouvelles prises en charge thérapeutiques de patients infectés chroniquement par HBV / Chronic HBV infections (CHB) are difficult to treat diseases because of viral persistence. It’s explained by the particular replication of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and its interplays with host immunity. CHB is characterized by different stages, which reflect a balance between viral replication and immune response. However, our knowledge regarding the natural history of CHB is insufficient to allow us to predict patients’ prognosis. Further clinical studies are needed to improve our understanding of interplays between HBV replication and host immunity. The first study is a retrospective one about interplays between serological and intrahepatic viral markers and intrahepatic innate immunity genes expression. Immunity genes seem to be down-regulated during CHB in comparison to healthy controls, without impact of the level of viral replication. HBsAg levels in blood may reflect the intrahepatic innate immune response and especially the type I IFN response for HBeAg negative patients. The second part is a prospective study which shows any relevance of adding PEG-IFN to HIV/HBV co-infected responders to NUCS therapy patients. The results highlight the potential interest of baseline HBsAg level to predict PEG-IFN response (low HBsAg levels being more favorable). Finally, these results highlight the role of interplays between HBV replication and innate immune response during the natural history of CHB. They may be interesting in the context of the development of new antiviral strategies
18

The cloning and expression of the hepatitis B polymerase gene in Escherichia coli

McGlynn, Elaine January 1987 (has links)
No description available.
19

Full genome analysis and functional characterization of mutants of hepatitis B virus isolates from southern African blacks

Kimbi, Gerald Chiafiinii 11 August 2008 (has links)
Abstract will not load on to DSpace
20

Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes in Antiretroviral Treated HIV-HBV Co-infection

Rana, Urvi 14 September 2018 (has links)
Objective: The objective of this thesis was to compare demographic and clinical characteristics and factors associated with advanced hepatic fibrosis between HIV and HIV-hepatitis B (HBV) co-infected patients. Methods: Proportional odds models were developed to investigate socio-demographic and clinical variables’ association on liver fibrosis determined by AST-to-Platelet-Ratio-Index (APRI). Results: HBV status and APRI values were available for 2,419 of 9,289 (26%) participants. 199 (9%) were HBV co-infected. Compared to HIV infected, HIV-HBV co-infected individuals were 2.19 (95% CI: 1.63, 2.90) and 1.68 (95% CI: 1.10, 2.53) times more likely to belong in a higher level of APRI category. Compared to HIV mono-infection, HIV-HBV co-infected participants on ARV therapy were less likely to have clinically significant or advanced fibrosis compared to mild or moderate fibrosis. Conclusion: We provide evidence in favour of an association between ARV therapy and reduced fibrosis in HIV-HBV co-infected population.

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