Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 22, 2007). Directed by H. Svi Shapiro; submitted to the School of Education. Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-169).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Sociology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 235-244). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNR11582

The current investigation was designed as an evaluation of a worksite health promotion program with the goal of examining its effectiveness in terms of physical and attitudinal changes over the course of a 12-month evaluation. Because of the call for counseling psychologists to examine health through an interdisciplinary lens, the study examined variables from a variety of disciplines including health psychology, vocational psychology, occupational health, and positive psychology. Using a pretest-posttest design, employees completed measures of job satisfaction, career optimism, perceived stress, optimism, absenteeism, and Presenteeism (on the job productivity). In addition, health screening information was compared from the onset to the completion of the evaluation to determine if health factors improved at the organizational level over time. Results indicated that employees did not significantly improve in terms of health indicators (e.g., cholesterol levels, weight loss), levels of job satisfaction, career optimism, or perceived stress. In addition, results revealed no significant relationship between initial optimism levels and either health or psychological outcomes. Potential explanations for the lack of significant results is discussed including the economic climate in which the evaluation occurred, as well as cultural and organizational issues that may have contributed to a lack of improvement in wellness.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases pose a grave challenge to the health of populations. A fourto six-fold increase in risk of NCDs has been documented among South Asians living in the UK, and lifestyle factors, including an unhealthy diet have been implicated. Pakistanis are the largest ethnic minority in Scotland, many of whom still prefer to live together as multigenerational families. The older generation mostly came from Punjab, Pakistan, while subsequent generations were born in Scotland. Research on food and eating practices among Pakistanis living in the UK has tended to focus on individual practices and preferences, has mostly been disease oriented and quantitative in nature, and has lacked the cultural insight needed to inform effective health promotion interventions. This qualitative study aims to fill a gap in the literature by exploring food and eating in multigenerational Pakistani, Muslim families. This study used qualitative interviews informed by the case study approach and an ethnographic perspective. Two or more adult family members of different genders and generations were recruited from eight multigenerational Pakistani families living in Edinburgh. Twenty-three interviews were conducted in total. The data were analysed thematically using the method of constant comparison. The analysis identified distinctive features and commonalities within each generation as well as the ways in which the preferences and tastes of one generation could influence the food eating by family members belonging to other generations. The older generation exhibited a need to maintain their ethnic identity through eating traditional foods such as salan and roti, and adhered to cultural and religious values and traditions. Their experiences, both before and after migration, influenced their present everyday food and eating. Almost all families had one person from the older generation who had a chronic illness, but the impact of this illness on that person’s diet and the diet of other family members varied. Within the second generation, differences were apparent according to gender and place of birth. Women juggled multiple roles as wives, daughters-in-law and mothers, and were responsible for most of the food-related chores. Preferring traditional meals and prioritising taste over health, Pakistan-born women were more likely to adhere to cultural values in relation to food-related issues than their British-born counterparts. Second-generation women accommodated the wishes of all family members, including husbands, in-laws and children, which constrained food-related decisions and their role as gatekeepers of food. Second-generation men preferred fried meaty dishes over roti and many opted out of family meals by eating food from outside the home. Children were looked after and fed by many members of the family. They often ate five meals daily, along with a variety of snacks. Feeding was seen by women, especially older generation, as a function of nurture, and well fed children as a sign of affluence. This study highlights the issues which influence and inform food and eating practices in multigenerational, Pakistani, Muslim families. It is the first of its kind not only to look at what members of different generations eat, but also how and why they eat it. It offers an insight into how continuities and change in eating practices can co-exist, leading to multiple menus and how individuals are influenced by others when making decisions about everyday foods. A range of factors, including historical experiences, cultural and religious values, familial hierarchy, identity maintenance and attitudes towards health and disease are shown to affect the diet of these individuals, which vary according to gender and generation. It is shown that the gatekeeping function is not solely restricted to second generation women, even though they are primarily responsible for food-related tasks, and multiple gatekeepers exist with varying roles. Generally, the link between food and health was not recognised by participants in this study, although some individuals had made dietary changes for health reasons. It is recommended that health promotion interventions should take into account the way members of the family influence the diet of other family members, rather than restricting the focus to the person with or at risk of a NCD or the cook.

The study refers to the issue of cross-cultural transfer of internationally initiated health promotion and tobacco control policies. It explores the process of cross-cultural policy transfer, analyses the difficulties, proposes methods to overcome them, and tests the approach in Bulgaria. Generally focused on international health promotion policies as a broad area of study, the work particularly concentrates on tobacco control policies as a more concrete and specific subject of investigation. Completion of a short piece of cross-national comparative policy transfer research, based on two case studies - the UK as a donor of policy and Bulgaria as a recipient location - is used to assist designing an empirical investigation that develops and tests an approach for strengthening the process of cross-cultural transfer. The Hofstede Model of National Cultures is used as a guiding tool to describe and classify the different cultures of the two countries, and to assess the cultural constraints and possibilities for transfer. The results confirm the hypothesis that through contextual interpretation of international health promotion policy language, and its specification to the cultural patterns of Bulgaria, we can increase the acceptability and assure greater effectiveness in communicating those health promotion messages. The findings indicate the need for culturally specific language interpretation and adaptation of global policies if they are to become understandable and applicable to specific cultural contexts. They help to address the question: "How can the main concepts and issues inherent in western developed health promotion policies be translated into the language of countries having different cultural patterns?" The main theme of this research has not been explored so far in Bulgaria and it is also a rather new topic for international policy research. The findings might assist the process of improving cross-cultural policy formulation and help to overcome the difficulties in cross-cultural policy transfer. The study takes into account the dynamic developments within Bulgaria as it prepares for European integration as a pre-Accession country; and its findings could assist in negotiations within public health policy. The work could also have some major applications on a wider policy basis. It might also be of particular importance for countries not in the western group within Europe and which are socio-culturally different. Some implications can also be considered for the process of accession to the EU. The Union is now expanding and is challenged by great cultural diversity, both across Europe and within the individual states. Accession countries like Bulgaria have to adapt now to international and European policies and principles, which cannot be directly translated into the language of many countries. The methodology developed here should assist the adaptation of international policy items into a language that is culturally specific for the country and the sub-national levels, and thus improve the implementation of European policies in particular localities.

No description available.

De acordo com a OrganizaÃÃo Mundial de SaÃde (OMS), as DoenÃas CrÃnicas NÃo TransmissÃveis (DCNT) sÃo responsÃveis por 60% das mortes no mundo. InquÃritos recentes sobre alimentaÃÃo saudÃvel apresentaram fortes evidÃncias no que diz respeito ao papel do consumo diÃrio de frutas, legumes, verduras e da combinaÃÃo de arroz com feijÃo, na prevenÃÃo e controle de doenÃas como: diabetes, cÃncer e doenÃas cardiovasculares. Tendo em vista a populaÃÃo de universitÃrios, estudos apontam um consumo elevado de fast food e que ainda nÃo existem polÃticas pÃblicas especÃficas voltadas para essa populaÃÃo, o que dificulta o monitoramento dos fatores protetores para DCNT. O objetivo desse inquÃrito à avaliar os hÃbitos alimentares dos estudantes universitÃrios de uma universidade pÃblica em Fortaleza-CE. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado de maio a outubro de 2013, envolvendo 203 graduandos. Aplicou-se um formulÃrio contendo dados sociodemogrÃficos e um questionÃrio de frequÃncia alimentar para avaliar os hÃbitos. Os dados foram armazenados em um banco de dados construÃdo no Excel e processados no programa estatÃstico STATA v.08. Os resultados foram submetidos a tratamento estatÃstico e analisados com apoio na literatura especÃfica. Aprovado pelo Comità de Ãtica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, o estudo recebeu o protocolo no 208/10. Dos 203 participantes, 66,5% eram do sexo feminino; a idade mÃdia foi de 22,9 anos, sendo 65,6% situados na faixa etÃria de 20 a 24 anos; 95% eram solteiros; 44,3% da raÃa parda; 52,2% cursavam entre o 5o e o 8o semestre da graduaÃÃo; 28% tinha renda mensal entre 2 e 4 salÃrios mÃnimos; 51% pertenciam à classe C; 71,1% apenas estudavam e 74,4% moravam com os pais ou familiares. No referente aos hÃbitos alimentares, 56%, 97%, 67,3% e 69,9%, ingerem diariamente alimentos como leite, arroz, feijÃo e pÃo, respectivamente e 74,4%, 57,7%, 57,5% preferiam ingerir semanalmente pizza, pastel e refrigerante. Encontrou-se que 70,3% dos acadÃmicos que consumiam frutas e legumes diariamente, enquanto 52,2 % dos acadÃmicos que nÃo comiam frutas diariamente,tambÃm nÃo comiam legumes, sendo estas diferenÃas estatisticamente significantes (p=0,001). Quanto ao consumo diÃrio de Ãgua, 51,2% dos graduandos referiram a ingestÃo de 6 a 8 copos por dia. Utilizando a razÃo de prevalÃncia para estabelecer relaÃÃes entre os hÃbitos alimentares e fatores sociodemogrÃficos, encontrou-se que, os indivÃduos com idade entre 20 e 24 anos apresentaram 4,5 vezes mais chances de consumir frutas e legumes diariamente, e quanto ao consumo diÃrio de arroz e feijÃo, os universitÃrios da classe C apresentaram 1,7 vezes mais chance de consumo do que aqueles da classe A. Tendo em vista o comportamento alimentar, foram verificadas diferenÃas por sexo para o nÃmero de refeiÃÃes diÃrias (p=0,031), jà que 9,6% das mulheres e 1,5% dos homens realizam apenas atà 3 (trÃs) refeiÃÃes diÃrias. Diante do exposto, evidencia-se a necessidade de intervenÃÃo por meio de aÃÃes com base na promoÃÃo da saÃde, utilizando a universidade como meio propÃcio para divulgar e orientar hÃbitos alimentares saudÃveis, prevenindo o surgimento de DCNT e melhorando a qualidade de vida dos universitÃrios. / According to the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs ) are responsible for 60 % of deaths worldwide . Recent surveys of healthy eating presented strong evidence for the role of dietary intake of fruits and vegetables and the combination of rice and beans in the prevention and control of diseases like diabetes , cancer and cardiovascular diseases . The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the eating habits of college students from a public university of Fortaleza . This is a cross-sectional study conducted from May to October 2013, involving 203 undergraduates . We applied a questionnaire containing demographic and related to food consumption data , measured by food frequency intake of food. Data were stored in a database built in Excel and processed in STATA statistical software v.08 . The results were analyzed statistically and analyzed with support in the literature . Approved by the Federal University of Cearà Research Ethics Committee , the study received No 208/10 protocol. Of the 203 participants , 66.5 % were female ; the average age was 22.9 years, and 65.6 % located in the age group 20-24 years; 95 % were single ; 44.3 % mulatto ; 52.2 % studied between the 5th and 8th semester of graduation ; 28 % had a monthly income between 2-4 minimum wages ; 51 % were Class C ; 71.1 % and 74.4 % only students living with parents or relatives . With regard to dietary habits , 56 % , 97 % , 67.3 % and 69.9 % ingests daily foods such as milk , rice, beans and bread , respectively, and 74.4 % , 57.7 % , 57.5 % reported eat pizza every week , pastel and soda . It was found that 70.3 % of students who consumed fruits daily also consumed vegetables daily , while 52.2 % of the students who did not eat fruit daily also did not eat vegetables daily , with statistical significant differences (p=0.001 ) . As for the daily consumption of 51.2 % of the students reported eating 6-8 cups daily. Individuals aged between 20 and 24 years were 4.5 times more likely to consume fruits and vegetables daily , and as to the daily consumption of rice and beans university class C had 1.7 times more likely to use than those of class A. in view of the feeding behavior ifferences were found by gender for the number of meals per day ( p = 0.031 ) , as 9.6% of women and 1.5 % of men carry only up to 3 meals a day . Given the above, highlights the need for intervention through actions based on health promotion , using the university as a means conducive to the promotion of healthy eating habits and guide preventing the rise of NCDs and improving the quality of life of the university .

Orientadores: Regina Yu Shon Chun, Maria de Lurdes Zanolli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T04:53:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moreira_ElianaCristina_M.pdf: 957453 bytes, checksum: b40a62e795918f059ea8539ed5ef5469 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este trabalho volta-se à proposta de grupo de familiares, ação interdisciplinar paralela ao atendimento terapêutico de crianças e adolescentes desenvolvida em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do Município de São Paulo. Nessa proposta de atenção à saúde, compreende-se os usuários/cuidadores como co-autores do processo do cuidado à saúde de seus filhos. Acolhê-los em suas demandas consiste em um grande desafio, assim como organizar e desenvolver ações que tornem pais/mães responsáveis pelo ato de cuidar de suas crianças e agentes de sua própria saúde. Tal perspectiva implica dos profissionais a criação de espaços de vínculo, acolhimento e de co-responsabilização entre os atores sociais envolvidos, como o proporcionado pelo Grupo de Pais. Considerando-se que a família é o núcleo central da organização da sociedade e desempenha importante papel na vida das pessoas, interessa nesta pesquisa compreender o funcionamento do Grupo de Pais no contexto da atenção integral à saúde. Objetivo: investigar as impressões dos familiares acerca do Grupo de Pais, bem como seu papel no desenvolvimento dos filhos. Sujeitos e método: Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, aprovada pelo CEP-SMS/PMSP. Os dados foram coletados por meio de grupos focais com 5 participantes em cada, totalizando 15 sujeitos. Foi feita caracterização dos sujeitos por meio dos prontuários institucionais. Da análise dos grupos focais, emergiram 4 eixos temáticos, o Grupo de Pais como: espaço, repercussão no cuidado da criança e da família, papel do cuidador e papel do profissional. Resultados: Apresentam-se os resultados referentes ao espaço e repercussão. Quanto ao espaço, na perspectiva dos sujeitos, inicialmente, o Grupo de Pais acolhe, concomitantemente ou posteriormente, os participantes trocam experiências entre si, constituindo um espaço de co-responsabilização, relações e vínculos. A Promoção da Saúde emerge nesse espaço como proposta de ação educativa e produção do cuidado do outro (criança/adolescente) e de si. A compreensão e vivência desse grupo como espaço terapêutico são conseqüentes e simultâneas ao acolhimento e troca entre seus membros, além das possibilidades de jogos de espelho e troca de papéis, permeados pela possibilidade de reflexão e análise da questão-problema que os levaram ao grupo, conduzindo a significativas mudanças no processo saúde/doença dos filhos. Quanto à repercussão, os achados evidenciam que a reflexão e compreensão da problemática e a possibilidade de expressão dos afetos dos sujeitos conduz a revisão das relações e papéis familiares. O processo singular e coletivo do grupo repercute no cuidado da criança e também no cuidado familiar. Conclusão: Em uma abordagem integral da saúde, além da criança e o adolescente, no caso, serem focos de intervenção, é necessário também incluir suas famílias nesse processo de cuidado à saúde. Práticas centradas no sujeito e em especial, na família, norteadas pela integralidade não são majoritárias, necessitando-se implementar ações na Atenção Básica em consonância com as políticas de humanização vigentes no país e de acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde / Abstract: This research aims to study a family group proposal, a interdisciplinary action developed together with clinical-therapeutic care of children/adolescents in a Basic Health Unit in the city of São Paulo. In this perspective of health attention, the users/caregivers are considered as coauthors of their children's health care process. Embracing them in their demands is a great challenge, as well as organize and develop actions that can make the parents responsible for their children's care and agents of their own health. In this perspective, the professionals are supposed to create places of attachment, embracement and co-responsibility among the social actors involved, such as the one provided by the Parents Group. Considering the family as central nucleus of the society organization that plays an important role in people's life, this research aims to study the acting of the Parents Group in the context of the integral attention to health. Objective: To investigate the impressions of the families about the Parents Groups, as well as their role in their children's development. Subjects and method: This is a qualitative research, approved by CEP-SMS/PMSP. The data were collected through focal groups with 5 participants each, a total 15 subjects, and the subjects records were analyzed. From the analysis of the focal group, emerged 4 different topics, the Parents Groups as: space, repercussion in the children and family care and the role of caregivers and professionals. Results: Here is presented the results about the space and repercussion. Regarding the space, in the perspective of the subjects, initially, the Parents Group embraces, at the same time or later, the members experience exchange, being a space of co-responsibility, relationships and attachments. The Health Promotion emerges in this space as a proposal of education action and production of the children/adolescent care. The comprehension and the group experience as a therapeutic space are consequents/simultaneous to the embracement and exchange among the members, in addition to the possibilities of mirror games and roles exchange, with the possibility of reflexion and analysis of the problem-question that led them to the group, leading to significant changes in the heath/disease process of their children. Considering the repercussion, the findings evidenced that the reflexion and the problem comprehension and the possibility of expression of the subjects' feelings conduce the review of the family's relationships and roles. The singular and collective process of the group have consequences in the children's care and also in the family's care. Conclusion: According to an integral approach of health, not only the children and adolescents are the focus of intervention in this process of health care, but also their family. Practices focused on the subjects and especially, in the family, guided by the integrality are not majority, leading to a need of implementation of actions in Basic Attention according to the country's current policies of humanization and according to the World Health Organization / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

The prevalence of health risk behaviours is growing among South African employees. The deteriorating health of the public and the costs there off, which arise from making unhealthy choices about one’s lifestyle, are a major cause of many preventable Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD’s). The effect of these NCD’s on an organisation can result in employees’ ill health and negative stress, which in turn can lead to absenteeism, presenteeism and thus decreased productivity. Several studies propose that the absenteeism together with presenteeism can cost an organisation up to three times as much as medical costs with stress also being flagged as a severe work-related hazard. Literature shows that ill health affects employee ability to function optimally, thus indirectly affects productivity. Studies on on-site wellness programs, although they report savings in health care costs and increase in productivity, their true effectiveness is not sufficiently measured. To add to this, there is a paucity of work that exists regarding the benefits of on-site wellness programs in South Africa. It is suggested that data about the effect of successful wellness programs does not always make its way to academic literature, thus the observed shortage in investment on such programs from South African companies. This study we aim to find out the effect of on-site wellness programs on absenteeism, presenteeism, stress and health care costs. The results oppose what literature findings report. Reasons for these findings are therefore speculated.

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the planning, implementation and evaluation of a community-wide programme of oral health promotion that begun in 1993 in the Pitkäranta district of Russian Karelia. Baseline analysis of the community included clinical dental examinations and questionnaire surveys which were carried out in the same way as in the Finnish reference areas, Kuopio and Jyväskylä, in 1992. In addition, interviews of stomatologists and dentists, observations at local shops, kiosks, schools and dental clinics, and determinations of fluoride levels in drinking water were carried out in the Pitkäranta district. Previous information on oral health and its determinants among children in the Republic of Karelia was sought in the literature, from local statistics and from patient documents in the Pitkäranta district. Community analysis at baseline revealed that in the Pitkäranta district the occurrence of dental diseases was high. Behaviours related to oral health were generally unfavourable, and professional prevention at dental offices was practically non-existent. Therefore, the results of the baseline analysis of the community in 1993 called for an intervention with emphasis on enhancing healthy lifestyles, reorienting the methods of action of the system of oral health care towards health promotion and prevention of diseases, creating a supportive environment and empowering community actions as suggested in the Ottawa Charter. The goal was to achieve at least the same level of oral health as that found among children in the Finnish reference areas. In the 2001 follow-up, community oral health was analysed with the methods used in 1993. The results of the follow-up community analysis were used to monitor the changes in 1993–2001 and to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the programme. The improvements in oral health and in oral health-related behaviours among children as well as other developments in the community were impressive. Some oral health-related behaviours, such as frequent use of sugary snacks, non-daily use of fluoridated toothpaste and increasing smoking among adolescents, called for further actions.