Diese Dissertation sucht nach einem theoretischem Grundgerüst, um komplexe, digitale Gesundheitsinnovationen so zu entwickeln, dass sie bessere Erfolgsaussichten haben, auch in der alltäglichen Versorgungspraxis anzukommen. Denn obwohl es weder am Bedarf von noch an Ideen für digitale Gesundheitsinnovationen mangelt, bleibt die Flut an erfolgreich in der Praxis etablierten Lösungen leider aus. Dieser unzureichende Diffusionserfolg einer entwickelten Lösung - gern auch als Pilotitis pathologisiert - offenbart sich insbesondere dann, wenn die geplante Innovation mit größeren Ambitionen und Komplexität verbunden ist. Dem geübten Kritiker werden sofort ketzerische Gegenfragen in den Sinn kommen. Beispielsweise was denn unter komplexen, digitalen Gesundheitsinnovationen verstanden werden soll und ob es überhaupt möglich ist, eine universale Lösungsformel zu finden, die eine erfolgreiche Diffusion digitaler Gesundheitsinnovationen garantieren kann. Beide Fragen sind nicht nur berechtigt, sondern münden letztlich auch in zwei Forschungsstränge, welchen ich mich in dieser Dissertation explizit widme. In einem ersten Block erarbeite ich eine Abgrenzung jener digitalen Gesundheitsinnovationen, welche derzeit in Literatur und Praxis besondere Aufmerksamkeit aufgrund ihres hohen Potentials zur Versorgungsverbesserung und ihrer resultierenden Komplexität gewidmet ist. Genauer gesagt untersuche ich dominante Zielstellungen und welche Herausforderung mit ihnen einhergehen. Innerhalb der Arbeiten in diesem Forschungsstrang kristallisieren sich vier Zielstellungen heraus: 1. die Unterstützung kontinuierlicher, gemeinschaftlicher Versorgungsprozesse über diverse Leistungserbringer (auch als inter-organisationale Versorgungspfade bekannt); 2. die aktive Einbeziehung der Patient:innen in ihre Versorgungsprozesse (auch als Patient Empowerment oder Patient Engagement bekannt); 3. die Stärkung der sektoren-übergreifenden Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wissenschaft und Versorgungpraxis bis hin zu lernenden Gesundheitssystemen und 4. die Etablierung daten-zentrierter Wertschöpfung für das Gesundheitswesen aufgrund steigender bzgl. Verfügbarkeit valider Daten, neuen Verarbeitungsmethoden (Stichwort Künstliche Intelligenz) sowie den zahlreichen Nutzungsmöglichkeiten. Im Fokus dieser Dissertation stehen daher weniger die autarken, klar abgrenzbaren Innovationen (bspw. eine Symptomtagebuch-App zur Beschwerdedokumentation). Vielmehr adressiert diese Doktorarbeit jene Innovationsvorhaben, welche eine oder mehrere der o.g. Zielstellung verfolgen, ein weiteres technologisches Puzzleteil in komplexe Informationssystemlandschaften hinzufügen und somit im Zusammenspiel mit diversen weiteren IT-Systemen zur Verbesserung der Gesundheitsversorgung und/ oder ihrer Organisation beitragen. In der Auseinandersetzung mit diesen Zielstellungen und verbundenen Herausforderungen der Systementwicklung rückte das Problem fragmentierter IT-Systemlandschaften des Gesundheitswesens in den Mittelpunkt. Darunter wird der unerfreuliche Zustand verstanden, dass unterschiedliche Informations- und Anwendungssysteme nicht wie gewünscht miteinander interagieren können. So kommt es zu Unterbrechungen von Informationsflüssen und Versorgungsprozessen, welche anderweitig durch fehleranfällige Zusatzaufwände (bspw. Doppeldokumentation) aufgefangen werden müssen. Um diesen Einschränkungen der Effektivität und Effizienz zu begegnen, müssen eben jene IT-System-Silos abgebaut werden. Alle o.g. Zielstellungen ordnen sich dieser defragmentierenden Wirkung unter, in dem sie 1. verschiedene Leistungserbringer, 2. Versorgungsteams und Patient:innen, 3. Wissenschaft und Versorgung oder 4. diverse Datenquellen und moderne Auswertungstechnologien zusammenführen wollen. Doch nun kommt es zu einem komplexen Ringschluss. Einerseits suchen die in dieser Arbeit thematisierten digitalen Gesundheitsinnovationen Wege zur Defragmentierung der Informationssystemlandschaften. Andererseits ist ihre eingeschränkte Erfolgsquote u.a. in eben jener bestehenden Fragmentierung begründet, die sie aufzulösen suchen. Mit diesem Erkenntnisgewinn eröffnet sich der zweite Forschungsstrang dieser Arbeit, der sich mit der Eigenschaft der 'Interoperabilität' intensiv auseinandersetzt. Er untersucht, wie diese Eigenschaft eine zentrale Rolle für Innovationsvorhaben in der Digital Health Domäne einnehmen soll. Denn Interoperabilität beschreibt, vereinfacht ausgedrückt, die Fähigkeit von zwei oder mehreren Systemen miteinander gemeinsame Aufgaben zu erfüllen. Sie repräsentiert somit das Kernanliegen der identifizierten Zielstellungen und ist Dreh- und Angelpunkt, wenn eine entwickelte Lösung in eine konkrete Zielumgebung integriert werden soll. Von einem technisch-dominierten Blickwinkel aus betrachtet, geht es hierbei um die Gewährleistung von validen, performanten und sicheren Kommunikationsszenarien, sodass die o.g. Informationsflussbrüche zwischen technischen Teilsystemen abgebaut werden. Ein rein technisches Interoperabilitätsverständnis genügt jedoch nicht, um die Vielfalt an Diffusionsbarrieren von digitalen Gesundheitsinnovationen zu umfassen. Denn beispielsweise das Fehlen adäquater Vergütungsoptionen innerhalb der gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen oder eine mangelhafte Passfähigkeit für den bestimmten Versorgungsprozess sind keine rein technischen Probleme. Vielmehr kommt hier eine Grundhaltung der Wirtschaftsinformatik zum Tragen, die Informationssysteme - auch die des Gesundheitswesens - als sozio-technische Systeme begreift und dabei Technologie stets im Zusammenhang mit Menschen, die sie nutzen, von ihr beeinflusst werden oder sie organisieren, betrachtet. Soll eine digitale Gesundheitsinnovation, die einen Mehrwert gemäß der o.g. Zielstellungen verspricht, in eine existierende Informationssystemlandschaft der Gesundheitsversorgung integriert werden, so muss sie aus technischen sowie nicht-technischen Gesichtspunkten 'interoperabel' sein. Zwar ist die Notwendigkeit von Interoperabilität in der Wissenschaft, Politik und Praxis bekannt und auch positive Bewegungen der Domäne hin zu mehr Interoperabilität sind zu verspüren. Jedoch dominiert dabei einerseits ein technisches Verständnis und andererseits bleibt das Potential dieser Eigenschaft als Leitmotiv für das Innovationsmanagement bislang weitestgehend ungenutzt. An genau dieser Stelle knüpft nun der Hauptbeitrag dieser Doktorarbeit an, in dem sie eine sozio-technische Konzeptualisierung und Kontextualisierung von Interoperabilität für künftige digitale Gesundheitsinnovationen vorschlägt. Literatur- und expertenbasiert wird ein Rahmenwerk erarbeitet - das Digital Health Innovation Interoperability Framework - das insbesondere Innovatoren und Innovationsfördernde dabei unterstützen soll, die Diffusionswahrscheinlichkeit in die Praxis zu erhöhen. Nun sind mit diesem Framework viele Erkenntnisse und Botschaften verbunden, die ich für diesen Prolog wie folgt zusammenfassen möchte: 1. Um die Entwicklung digitaler Gesundheitsinnovationen bestmöglich auf eine erfolgreiche Integration in eine bestimmte Zielumgebung auszurichten, sind die Realisierung eines neuartigen Wertversprechens sowie die Gewährleistung sozio-technischer Interoperabilität die zwei zusammenhängenden Hauptaufgaben eines Innovationsprozesses. 2. Die Gewährleistung von Interoperabilität ist eine aktiv zu verantwortende Managementaufgabe und wird durch projektspezifische Bedingungen sowie von externen und internen Dynamiken beeinflusst. 3. Sozio-technische Interoperabilität im Kontext digitaler Gesundheitsinnovationen kann über sieben, interdependente Ebenen definiert werden: Politische und regulatorische Bedingungen; Vertragsbedingungen; Versorgungs- und Geschäftsprozesse; Nutzung; Information; Anwendungen; IT-Infrastruktur. 4. Um Interoperabilität auf jeder dieser Ebenen zu gewährleisten, sind Strategien differenziert zu definieren, welche auf einem Kontinuum zwischen Kompatibilitätsanforderungen aufseiten der Innovation und der Motivation von Anpassungen aufseiten der Zielumgebung verortet werden können. 5. Das Streben nach mehr Interoperabilität fördert sowohl den nachhaltigen Erfolg der einzelnen digitalen Gesundheitsinnovation als auch die Defragmentierung existierender Informationssystemlandschaften und trägt somit zur Verbesserung des Gesundheitswesens bei. Zugegeben: die letzte dieser fünf Botschaften trägt eher die Färbung einer Überzeugung, als dass sie ein Ergebnis wissenschaftlicher Beweisführung ist. Dennoch empfinde ich diese, wenn auch persönliche Erkenntnis als Maxim der Domäne, der ich mich zugehörig fühle - der IT-Systementwicklung des Gesundheitswesens.

This study demonstrates that hybrid methods can be used for measuring the risk severity of technology-induced errors (TIE) that result from use of health information technology (HIT). The objectives of this research study include: 1. Developing an integrated conceptual risk assessment model to measure the risk severity of technology-induced errors. 2. Analyzing the criticality and risk thresholds associated with TIE’s contributing factors. 3. Developing a computer-based simulation model that could be used to undertake various simulations of TIE’s problems and validate the results. Using data from published papers describing three sample problems related to usability and technology-induced errors, hybrid methods were developed for assessing the risk severity and thresholds under various simulated conditions. A risk assessment model (RAM) and its corresponding steps were developed. A computer-based simulation of risk assessment using the model was also developed, and several runs of the simulation were carried out. The model was tested and found to be valid. Based on assumptions and published statistics obtained by publically available databases, we measured the risk severity and analyzed its criticality to classify risks of contributing factors into four different classes. The simulation results validated the efficiency and efficacy of the proposed methods with the sample problems. / Graduate / 0723 / 0680 / 0769 / tschio2011@gmail.com

Children and youth in state or statutory care (children-in-care) are at a higher risk of not having their health needs met than the general pediatric population. A literature review found a paucity of evidence on the health information needed for initial assessments of children-in-care in health record information systems in Canada, particularly when compared with information collected in the comparator countries the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. This qualitative research reviewed six forms currently used in British Columbia (BC) for assessing the health needs of children-in-care, and for planning future health care delivery for these children. The forms were reviewed with social workers, foster parents, and medical care providers to understand how the forms met their needs for health information for initial assessments when a child first enters care. One researcher conducted 31 interviews with 37 participants —a mixture of social workers, foster parents, and medical care providers allowed for source triangulation— in urban and rural communities using a 19-question, nonvalidated interview tool. NVivo-10 was used to inductively encode participant interviews relying on Pava’s 9-step, nonlinear sociotechnical systems approach to identify themes and concepts raised by the interviews. The researcher conducted an informal review of relevant Ministry of Children and Family Development (MCFD) organization documents and method triangulated the results to the interview findings to identify similarities, differences, and gaps. Findings from these two analyses were compared with the literature review findings. The six forms were found to document most of the required information for typical children-in-care provided the forms were available to the care team and completed in full prior to the initial assessment. Additional forms were used for children-in-care with complex health needs. Key health information included parents’ relevant health and social information, prenatal and birth records, medical and social history of the child, immunization record, whether the child had experienced adverse childhood events, and anything that might remind the child of a stressful situation and cause the child an adverse mental or physical outcome. Complexity in acquiring the needed health information comes from a variety of circumstances. For example, the child may transition in and out of care, parents may be unavailable, and social workers, foster parents, and medical care providers may each change while the child is in care. To overcome information-sharing challenges and barriers, research participants recommended several improvements including funding changes to support medical care provider participation, an information-sharing framework, and electronic options such as a centralized child-in-care record with secure email capability. Introducing some practices from other jurisdictions, notably a senior medical advisor role and a medical assessment model, might help address process challenges when health information is missing during the initial medical assessment. These resources would help round out MCFD’s existing conceptual child-in-care health-care framework. Together these changes may support social workers, foster parents, and medical care providers to provide care to and plan for children-in-care. / Graduate / 0723 (Information Science), 0769 (Health Care Management), 0452 (Social Work) / cdthomps@uvic.ca

<p>In recent years, there has been an increase in the popularity of wearable sensors such as electroencephalography (EEG) sensors, electromyography (EMG) sensors, gyroscopes, accelerometers, and photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors. This work is focused on PPG sensors, which are used to measure heart rate in real time. They are currently used in many commercial products such as Fitbit Watch and Muse Headband. Due to their low cost and relative implementation simplicity, they are easy to add to custom-built wearable devices.</p><p><br></p> <p>We built an Arduino-based wearable wrist sensor-kit that consists of a PPG sensor in addition to other low cost commercial biosensors to measure biosignals such as pulse rate, skin temperature, skin conductivity, and hand motion. The purpose of the sensor-kit is to analyze the effects of stress on students in a classroom based on changes in their biometric signals. We noticed some failures in the measured PPG signal, which could negatively affect the accuracy of our analysis. We conjectured that one of the causes of failure is movement. Therefore, in this thesis, we build automatic failure detection methods and use these methods to study the effect of movement on the signal.</p><p><br></p> <p>Using the sensor-kit, PPG signals were collected in two settings. In the first setting, the participants were in a still sitting position. These measured signals were manually labeled and used in signal analysis and method development. In the second setting, the signals were acquired in three different scenarios with increasing levels of activity. These measured signals were used to investigate the effect of movement on the reliability of the PPG sensor. </p><p><br></p> <p>Four types of failure detection methods were developed: Support Vector Machines (SVM), Deep Neural Networks (DNN), K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), and Decision Trees. The classification accuracy is evaluated by comparing the resulting Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, Area Above the Curve (AAC), as well as the duration of failure and non-failure sequences. The DNN and Decision Tree results are found to be the most promising and seem to have the highest error detection accuracy. </p> <p> </p> <p>The proposed classifiers are also used to assess the reliability of the PPG sensor in the three activity scenarios. Our findings indicate that there is a significant presence of failures in the measured PPG signals at rest, which increases with movement. They also show that it is hard to obtain long sequences of pulses without failure. These findings should be taken into account when designing wearable systems that use heart rate values as input.</p>

Introdução: A Qualidade de Dados é de extrema importância atualmente pela crescente utilização de sistemas de informação, em especial na área da Saúde. O Observatório Regional de Atenção Hospitalar (ORAH) é tido como referência na coleta, processamento e manutenção da qualidade de informações hospitalares devida a extensa base de dados de informações oriundas das Folhas de Alta Hospitalar de hospitais públicos, mistos e privados da região de Ribeirão Preto. Uma verificação sistemática é feita para melhorar a qualidade desses dados impedindo a existência de incompletudes e inconsistências ao final do seu processamento. Objetivo: Estabelecer o panorama da qualidade dos dados das altas hospitalares ocorridas em 2012 para cada hospital parceiro do ORAH na região de Ribeirão Preto. Analisar e identificar o ganho ou perda de qualidade durante as etapas de coleta e processamento dos mesmos. Métodos: Análise do fluxo das informações dentro dos hospitais conveniados ao ORAH em conjunto com a análise da qualidade dos dados armazenados pelo ORAH após seu processamento, a partir da criação de indicadores de completude e consistência. Avaliação da qualidade dos dados em cada etapa do protocolo interno de verificação adotado pelo ORAH, a partir da criação de indicadores de qualidade específicos. Por fim, avaliação da concordância entre as informações de uma amostra das Folha de Alta registradas no ORAH e o Prontuário Médico do Paciente por meio da mensuração da sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia da amostra. Resultados: Um panorama com foco na produção dos dados dos pacientes e nível de informatização foi elaborado para os hospitais complementarmente a análise de qualidade dos dados do ORAH. Tal análise constatou coeficientes médios de 99,6% de completude e 99,5% de consistência e um percentual de preenchimento acima de 99,2% para todos os campos da Folha de Alta. Por meio do indicador de qualidade elaborado a partir das comparações das dimensões de completude e consistência entre etapas do processamento dos dados pelo ORAH, foi possível averiguar a manutenção na qualidade das informações pela execução dos protocolos de validação e consistência adotados. Entretanto, com a apreciação entre as etapas da dimensão de volatilidade dos valores contidos nos campos, foi possível confirmar e quantificar a ocorrência de mudanças dos campos. A exatidão dos dados presentes na Folha de Alta com os do Prontuário do Paciente também pode ser comprovada pelas altas sensibilidade (99,0%; IC95% 98,8% - 99,2%), especificidade (97,9%; IC95% 97,5% - 98,2%) e acurácia (96,3%; IC95% 96,0% - 96,6%) encontradas na amostra. Conclusão: Como consequência de todas essas análises, foi possível comprovar a excelência da qualidade das informações disponibilizadas pelo ORAH, estabelecer uma metodologia abrangente para a análise dessa qualidade e definir possíveis problemas a serem enfrentados para a constante melhoria da qualidade das informações presentes na Folha de Alta Hospitalar e no banco de dados do ORAH por completo. / Introduction: The Data Quality is of utmost importance nowadays due the increasing use of information systems, especially in healthcare. The Regional Health Care Observatory (ORAH) is considered as reference in gathering, processing and maintaining the quality of hospital data due to the extensive database of information derived from the hospital discharge sheets of public, mixed and private hospitals. A systematic verification of those data is made to improve their data quality preventing the existence of incompleteness and inconsistencies at the end in their processing. Aim: Establish the overall picture of the data quality of hospital discharge sheets occurred in 2012 for each partner hospital in the Ribeirão Preto region. Analyze and identify the quality gain or loss during the gathering and processing stages of the data by the ORAH. Methods: Analysis of the information flow within the hospitals in partnership with the ORAH together with the analysis of the quality of the data stored by ORAH after its processing through the creation of completeness and consistency indicators. Data quality assessment at each stage of the internal protocol checking adopted by the ORAH through the establishment of specific quality indicators. Finally, evaluation of the agreement between the information in a sample of the hospital discharge sheets recorded in the ORAH and the patient medical records by measuring the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the sample. Results: Na overall picture focused on the patient data and the informatization level was developed for the hospitals in complement of the analysis of ORAHs data quality. This analysis found 99.6% completeness and 99.5% consistency mean rates and a completion percentage above 99.2% for all the fields of the discharge. Through the data quality indicator created from the comparisons of the completeness and consistency dimensions between the data processing steps of the ORAH was possible to verify the maintenance of the information quality by the implementation of validation and consistency protocols in use by the ORAH staff. However, with the assessment between the steps of the volatility dimension of the values contained in the fields, was possible to confirm and quantify the occurrence of changes in the fields. The agreement between the data in the hospital discharge sheets and the patient health record data can be proven by the high sensitivity (99.0%; CI95% 98.8% - 99.2%), specificity (97.9%; CI95% 97.5% - 98.2%) and accuracy (96.3%; CI95% 96.0% - 96.6%) found in the sample. Conclusion: As a result of all these analyzes, was possible to prove the excellence of the quality of the information provided by the ORAH, establish a comprehensive methodology for the analysis of this quality and identify possible problems to be addressed further improve the quality of information in the hospital discharge sheet and the ORAH database altogether.

A coqueluche vem reemergindo enquanto importante problema de saúde pública em vários países do mundo, apesar das altas coberturas vacinais na infância. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar a morbimortalidade da coqueluche no Brasil e os objetivos específicos foram: estimar as taxas de mortalidade, incidência e letalidade anuais, geral e por faixa etária, por unidade da federação e regiões do país; caracterizar a sazonalidade da doença; estimar as taxas de hospitalização anuais por faixa etária e verificar as características clínicas, histórico de contato e vacinação prévia dos casos notificados da doença. Métodos: estudo descritivo, baseado nos casos de coqueluche notificados ao Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), de 2006 a 2013. Os resultados mostraram aumento nas taxas de incidência de coqueluche no Brasil, a partir de 2011. Em 2013, foram confirmados 6.523 casos de coqueluche no país, três vezes o número de casos confirmados em 2011, com incidência geral de 3,24 /100.000 habitantes e incidência em menores de um ano de 125,82/100.000 habitantes, as maiores durante o período estudado. As crianças menores de um ano foram as mais acometidas pela doença em todas as macrorregiões. Em 2013, todas as regiões, exceto a região sul, apresentaram suas maiores taxas de incidência geral, com destaque para as regiões sudeste e centro-oeste com 4,0 e 3,1 por 100.000 habitantes, respectivamente. As maiores taxas de letalidade foram observadas na faixa etária menor de dois meses de idade, variando de 4,0% (2008) a 9,5% (2010). As taxas de letalidade foram maiores em crianças menores de seis meses em todas as regiões, sendo as regiões nordeste e sudeste as que apresentaram maiores taxas ao longo dos anos, exceto em 2013, quando o centro-oeste superou o nordeste. Houve predomínio dos casos nos meses mais quentes, entre novembro e março. A maioria das hospitalizações ocorreu na faixa etária de menores de um ano, principalmente em menores de quatro meses, cuja frequência de hospitalização ficou em torno de 75%. A tosse e o paroxismo foram os sintomas mais frequentes, independente da faixa etária, e a cianose foi importante sintoma nos menores de dois meses, com uma frequência de 80% nos casos confirmados desta faixa etária. A complicação mais comum foi pneumonia (13,93%), principalmente na faixa etária menor de dois meses, com frequência de 27,5%. O critério mais utilizado para diagnóstico de coqueluche foi o clínico, seguido pelo laboratorial que aumentou a partir de 2011, ano em que foi responsável por 49,9% dos diagnósticos. A maioria dos casos confirmados (51%) não relatou contato prévio com casos suspeitos ou confirmados de coqueluche, no entanto quando presente, a maioria dos contatos ocorreu no domicílio (70,6%). Os resultados mostraram aumento dos casos de coqueluche no Brasil, a partir de 2011, com as maiores taxas de incidência, hospitalizações, complicações e letalidade na faixa etária de menores de um ano / Pertussis has reemerged as important public health problem in many countries, despite the high childhood vaccination coverage. The general aim of this study was to evaluate the morbimortality of pertussis in Brazil, and the specific objectives were: estimate the annual mortality, incidence and case-fatality rates, general and by age group, by federative units and country\'s regions; evaluate the disease seasonality; estimate the annual hospitalization rates by age group and verify the clinical characteristics, contact history and the previous vaccination status of the reported pertussis cases. Methods: Descriptive study, based on the pertussis cases reported to the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), from 2006 to 2013. In 2013, there were 6.523 confirmed pertussis cases in the country, three times the number of confirmed cases in 2011, with general incidence of 3.24/100,000 inhabitants, and incidence in children under one year of age of 125.82/100,000 inhabitants, the highest during the study period. Pertussis incidence rates were higher in children under one year old in all macroregions during the study. In 2013, higher general incidence rates were observed in all regions, except the south, particularly the southwest and Midwest with 4.0 and 3.1 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The highest case-fatality rates were observed in infants under two months of age, varying from 4.0% (2008) to 9.5% (2010). Case-fatality rates were higher in children under six months in all regions; the northeast and southeast had the highest rates throughout the studied years, except in 2013, when the Midwest surpassed the northeast. More cases were reported in the warmer months, between November and March. Most hospitalizations occurred in the age group of children under one year old, mainly those under four months, for whom hospitalization rates were close to 75%. Cough and paroxysm were the most frequently symptoms, regardless of age, and cyanosis was important in children under two months, occurring in 80% of confirmed cases in this age group. The most common complication was pneumonia (13.93%), mainly in children under two months of age (27.5%). Clinical criteria were most frequent used for diagnosis, followed by laboratory, which increased since 2011, when 49.9% of cases had laboratory-confirmed diagnosis. Most confirmed cases (51%) had no recognized previous contact with pertussis cases. Among those with recognized previous contact, it mostly occurred at residence (70.6%).The results showed an increase in pertussis cases in Brazil, since 2011, with the highest incidence and lethality rates in children under one year of age

Introdução: A Qualidade de Dados é de extrema importância atualmente pela crescente utilização de sistemas de informação, em especial na área da Saúde. O Observatório Regional de Atenção Hospitalar (ORAH) é tido como referência na coleta, processamento e manutenção da qualidade de informações hospitalares devida a extensa base de dados de informações oriundas das Folhas de Alta Hospitalar de hospitais públicos, mistos e privados da região de Ribeirão Preto. Uma verificação sistemática é feita para melhorar a qualidade desses dados impedindo a existência de incompletudes e inconsistências ao final do seu processamento. Objetivo: Estabelecer o panorama da qualidade dos dados das altas hospitalares ocorridas em 2012 para cada hospital parceiro do ORAH na região de Ribeirão Preto. Analisar e identificar o ganho ou perda de qualidade durante as etapas de coleta e processamento dos mesmos. Métodos: Análise do fluxo das informações dentro dos hospitais conveniados ao ORAH em conjunto com a análise da qualidade dos dados armazenados pelo ORAH após seu processamento, a partir da criação de indicadores de completude e consistência. Avaliação da qualidade dos dados em cada etapa do protocolo interno de verificação adotado pelo ORAH, a partir da criação de indicadores de qualidade específicos. Por fim, avaliação da concordância entre as informações de uma amostra das Folha de Alta registradas no ORAH e o Prontuário Médico do Paciente por meio da mensuração da sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia da amostra. Resultados: Um panorama com foco na produção dos dados dos pacientes e nível de informatização foi elaborado para os hospitais complementarmente a análise de qualidade dos dados do ORAH. Tal análise constatou coeficientes médios de 99,6% de completude e 99,5% de consistência e um percentual de preenchimento acima de 99,2% para todos os campos da Folha de Alta. Por meio do indicador de qualidade elaborado a partir das comparações das dimensões de completude e consistência entre etapas do processamento dos dados pelo ORAH, foi possível averiguar a manutenção na qualidade das informações pela execução dos protocolos de validação e consistência adotados. Entretanto, com a apreciação entre as etapas da dimensão de volatilidade dos valores contidos nos campos, foi possível confirmar e quantificar a ocorrência de mudanças dos campos. A exatidão dos dados presentes na Folha de Alta com os do Prontuário do Paciente também pode ser comprovada pelas altas sensibilidade (99,0%; IC95% 98,8% - 99,2%), especificidade (97,9%; IC95% 97,5% - 98,2%) e acurácia (96,3%; IC95% 96,0% - 96,6%) encontradas na amostra. Conclusão: Como consequência de todas essas análises, foi possível comprovar a excelência da qualidade das informações disponibilizadas pelo ORAH, estabelecer uma metodologia abrangente para a análise dessa qualidade e definir possíveis problemas a serem enfrentados para a constante melhoria da qualidade das informações presentes na Folha de Alta Hospitalar e no banco de dados do ORAH por completo. / Introduction: The Data Quality is of utmost importance nowadays due the increasing use of information systems, especially in healthcare. The Regional Health Care Observatory (ORAH) is considered as reference in gathering, processing and maintaining the quality of hospital data due to the extensive database of information derived from the hospital discharge sheets of public, mixed and private hospitals. A systematic verification of those data is made to improve their data quality preventing the existence of incompleteness and inconsistencies at the end in their processing. Aim: Establish the overall picture of the data quality of hospital discharge sheets occurred in 2012 for each partner hospital in the Ribeirão Preto region. Analyze and identify the quality gain or loss during the gathering and processing stages of the data by the ORAH. Methods: Analysis of the information flow within the hospitals in partnership with the ORAH together with the analysis of the quality of the data stored by ORAH after its processing through the creation of completeness and consistency indicators. Data quality assessment at each stage of the internal protocol checking adopted by the ORAH through the establishment of specific quality indicators. Finally, evaluation of the agreement between the information in a sample of the hospital discharge sheets recorded in the ORAH and the patient medical records by measuring the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the sample. Results: Na overall picture focused on the patient data and the informatization level was developed for the hospitals in complement of the analysis of ORAHs data quality. This analysis found 99.6% completeness and 99.5% consistency mean rates and a completion percentage above 99.2% for all the fields of the discharge. Through the data quality indicator created from the comparisons of the completeness and consistency dimensions between the data processing steps of the ORAH was possible to verify the maintenance of the information quality by the implementation of validation and consistency protocols in use by the ORAH staff. However, with the assessment between the steps of the volatility dimension of the values contained in the fields, was possible to confirm and quantify the occurrence of changes in the fields. The agreement between the data in the hospital discharge sheets and the patient health record data can be proven by the high sensitivity (99.0%; CI95% 98.8% - 99.2%), specificity (97.9%; CI95% 97.5% - 98.2%) and accuracy (96.3%; CI95% 96.0% - 96.6%) found in the sample. Conclusion: As a result of all these analyzes, was possible to prove the excellence of the quality of the information provided by the ORAH, establish a comprehensive methodology for the analysis of this quality and identify possible problems to be addressed further improve the quality of information in the hospital discharge sheet and the ORAH database altogether.

As consequências do uso de substâncias psicoativas na saúde da população mundial são questões de preocupação - a maioria dos problemas dos usuários continua sendo a falta de acesso ao tratamento. Estudos longitudinais buscam identificar desfechos de recaída, mas são de alto custo. Como alternativa, estudos epidemiológicos com bases de dados secundários têm sido implementados em todo o mundo utilizando técnicas de record linkage. No Brasil, tem havido aumento do uso de registros médicos; porém, há pouca literatura sobre seu uso para seguimento de pacientes psiquiátricos, especialmente para estudos sobre usuários de drogas. Há muitos sistemas de informação na área de saúde pública sem um identificador único que possa ser utilizado para localizar um paciente em múltiplas bases de dados, condição de aplicação prática para o uso da técnica. O objetivo desse estudo foi o de produzir informações com base em dados secundários para mapear a trajetória dos usuários de crack na rede de atenção à saúde, utilizando metodologia de record linkage para o seguimento dos pacientes após sua alta hospitalar. Para isso, foi realizada a análise dos dados de atendimento disponibilizados pelos sistemas de informação em saúde pública para identificar a viabilidade de produzir informação para o seguimento dos usuários de crack na rede de atenção à saúde após a sua alta hospitalar. Com a impossibilidade de realizar esse seguimento com os dados disponíveis, a metodologia de record linkage probabilístico foi utilizada para rastrear as hospitalizações de usuários de crack e a continuidade de seu tratamento ambulatorial para estudo de seguimento desses usuários. A parcela da informação pública disponível pelos Sistemas de Informação em Saúde, não permitiu o acompanhamento de usuários entre os dispositivos de atendimento da rede de atenção. Utilizando uma amostra de 293 pacientes em tratamento para o uso de crack em duas instituições foi utilizada a metodologia e localizados 217 pacientes nos dados de internação hospitalar e 180 na base de atendimento ambulatorial; 55% foram identificados como pares verdadeiros na primeira base, enquanto apenas 12% na base de atendimento ambulatorial. Entre os dados hospitalares e ambulatoriais, demonstrou-se que dentre os usuários que realizam tratamento hospitalar, apenas 10 foram atendidos na rede ambulatorial, nesse período. Produzir informação para mapear a trajetória de usuários de crack utilizando as bases de dados dos sistemas de informação em saúde é possível por meio da metodologia de record linkage, como alternativa aos estudos longitudinais desta população de difícil acesso. Este estudo tem especial importância, pois pode contribuir também para a avaliação de programas de tratamento, por meio de indicadores de reinternação, tempos de permanência, curva de sobrevida e outros. A informação é fundamental para a implantação dos modelos de gestão que garantam as intervenções necessárias aos usuários com transtornos por uso de substâncias, especialmente no caso dos usuários de crack. / The consequences of use of psychotropic substances on the world population’s health are a matter of concern – most of the problems faced by users is still related to the lack of access to treatment. Longitudinal studies seek to identify these outcomes, but they are expensive. Alternatively, epidemiological studies based on secondary data have been applied worldwide, using record linkage methods. In Brazil, there has been an increase in the use of medical records. However, literature on its use for the follow-up of psychiatric patients, especially for studies on drug users is scarce. In the public health area, there are several information systems without an identification field that enable the location of a patient in multiple databases – which is one of the practical applications of the record linkage technique. The aim of this study was to produce information based on secondary data for mapping crack users pathway in the public healthcare network based on data linkage method, to follow them up after hospital discharge. For this, analysis of public health information systems was conducted to identify the feasibility of producing information for the follow-up of crack users in the network of health care. With the inability to conduct follow-up with the available data, the probabilistic record linkage methodology was used for tracing out crack users hospitalizations and the continuity of outpatient treatment after their discharge. The available public information from National Information Systems does not allow follow-up of patients of the health system across healthcare services, neither the monitoring of the continuation of treatment within the healthcare network. In a sample of 293 patients in treatment for crack use in two hospitals of Porto Alegre/RS; 217 patients were located in hospital admission data and 180 in the outpatient care database; 55% were identified as exact matches in the first database, whereas the outpatient database provided only 12%. Data from both hospital and outpatient care revealed that, among patients who received hospital treatment, only 10 attended outpatient care during the studied period. To produce information to track patient´s pathway is possible by record linkage method as an alternative to longitudinal studies of hard to reach populations. This study is particularly relevant, because it can also contribute to the evaluation of treatment programs, by means of indicators of rehospitalization, length of stay, survival rate etc. The formulation of public policies requires evidences based on information that, up to now, has not been adequately used, particularly that produced by existing Health Information Systems. Information is crucial for the implementation of administration models able to guarantee the necessary care to individuals with disorders resulting from drug use, especially in cases of crack users.

Submitted by Verena Bastos (verena@uefs.br) on 2015-07-23T13:30:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Defesa_Luciane_16-09_14.pdf_2.pdf: 2365834 bytes, checksum: 5a75302c6266c54eadad17662f0f7dfb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-23T13:30:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Defesa_Luciane_16-09_14.pdf_2.pdf: 2365834 bytes, checksum: 5a75302c6266c54eadad17662f0f7dfb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-13 / Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, maternal morbidity is understood as the occurrence of complications during pregnancy, childbirth, or puerperium that if untreated can complicate and lead to death. Maternal mortality, in turn, is defined as the death of women of childbearing age (15 - 49 years) during pregnancy or within 42 days after delivery. Objective: To analyze maternal mortality in the state of Bahia in 2010, according to differences in race/sk in color. Methods: Descriptive and ecological study of multiple groups, of the maternal mortality in the 49 most populous cities in Bahia in 2010, according to race / skin color. Secondary data available in Health information systems (SIS), the mortality information system (MIS); Information System on Live Births (SINASC); Hospital information system (HIS) of the department of the SUS (SUS Date) and socioeconomic data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) were used. To analyze the association between the independent and dependent variables, we used the logistic regression model of Poisson through of software STATA version 10 and R version 2.15.2. In spatial data was used ARCGIS application 10.0 Results: In 2010, Bahia, 209 444 hosp italizations of women of childbearing age were recorded. In the 49 municipalities with the highest population density 118,773 admissions occurred. Of these, 57,173 (48.1%) occurred in the black population, 6,938 (5.8%) in the white population; 54,551 (45.9%) without race / skin color information. The total number of maternal deaths in MIS aged 15- 49 years accounted for 154 deaths, with 85 of these deaths occurred in the 49 municipalities (55.2%). The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Bahia was 72.5 / 100,000 live births (LB) as in the cities studied was 71.9 / 100,000 (LB). In the bivariate and multivariate analyzes of association was observed that the number of maternal deaths was positively associated with the proportion of black population, since, as the proportion of blacks increased 5%, the risk of maternal death increased to 25.2 % (p <0.0278) and 26.6% (p <0.0366), respectively. In the bivariate analysis of HDI and Gini index also associated, but were not statistically significant. The multivariate analysis showed that there was increased risk of death even when adjusted for variable water rate (WR), and this result was statistically significant. Conclusion: The analyzed data revealed higher incidence and prevalence of maternal mortality in the black population. Underreporting related to completing the race / skin color variable records hinders a more precise analysis of morbidity and mortality and represents a gap due to the effectiveness of health interventions for vulnerable groups of women. The red uction of maternal morbidity and mortality should be a universal and emergency commitment. Investments in humanization and universalization of quality maternal health care constitute a significant affirmative action against exclusion and social injustice. / Introdu??o : De acordo com a organiza??o Mundial de Sa?de, a morbidade materna ? compreendida como a ocorr?ncia de complica??o durante a gesta??o, parto, ou puerp?rio que, se n?o tratadas podem complicar e levar ? morte. A mortalidade materna, por sua vez, ? definida como a morte de mulheres em idade f?rtil (15 - 49 anos) durante a gesta??o ou nos 42 dias ap?s o parto. Objetivo: analisar a morbimortalidade materna no estado da Bahia em 2010, segundo diferenciais de ra?a/cor da pele. M?todos: Estudo descritivo e ecol?gico, de m?ltiplos grupos, da morbimortalidade materna nos 49 munic?pios mais populosos da Bahia, em 2010, segundo a ra?a/cor da pele. Foram utilizados dados secund?rios disponibilizados nos Sistemas de informa??o em Sa?de (SIS), Sistema de informa??o sobre mortalidade (SIM); Sistema de informa??o sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC); Sistema de informa??o hospitalar (SIH) do departamento de inform?tica do SUS (Data SUS) e dados socioecon?micos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica (IBGE). Para an?lise da associa??o entre as vari?veis independentes e dependentes utilizou- se o modelo de regress?o log?stica de Poisson atrav?s do software STATA vers?o 10 e R vers?o 2.15.2. Na espacializa??o dos dados foi usado aplicativo ARCGIS 10.0 Resultados : Em 2010, na Bahia, foram registrados 209.444 internamentos de mulheres em idade f?rtil. Nos 49 munic?pios com maior densidade populacional ocorreram 118.773 internamentos. Destes, 57.173 (48,1%) ocorreram na popula??o negra, 6.938 (5,8%) na popula??o branca; 54.551(45,9%) sem informa??o da ra?a/cor da pele. O total de ?bitos maternos registrados no SIM na faixa et?ria de 15 - 49 anos correspondeu a 154 ?bitos, sendo que 85 destes ?bitos ocorreram nos 49 munic?pios (55,2%). A Raz?o de Mortalidade Materna (RMM) na Bahia foi 72,5/100.000 Nascidos vivos (NV) enquanto nos munic?pios estudados foi 71,9/100.000(NV). Nas an?lises de associa??o bivariada e multivariada observou- se que o n?mero de mortes maternas associou- se positivamente com propor??o de popula??o negra, j? que, ? medida que a propor??o de popula??o negra aumentou 5%, o risco de morte materna aumentou para a 25.2% (p < 0.0278) e 26.6%(p<0.0366) respectivamente. Na an?lise bivariada ?ndice de Gini e IDH tamb?m se associaram, mas n?o foram estatisticamente significantes. Na an?lise multivariada foi observado que houve aumento no risco de morte mesmo quando ajustado pela vari?vel taxa de ?gua (TXAG), sendo esse resultado es tatisticamente significante. Conclus?o : Os dados analisados revelaram maior incid?ncia e preval?ncia de morbimortalidade materna na popula??o negra. A subnotifica??o de registros relacionados ao preenchimento da vari?vel ra?a/cor da pele dificulta uma an?lise mais precisa da morbimortalidade e representa uma lacuna face ? efetividade das a??es em sa?de para grupos de mulheres mais vulner?veis. A redu??o da morbidade e mortalidade materna deve ser um compromisso universal e emergencial. Investimentos em humaniza??o e universaliza??o da qualidade da assist?ncia ? sa?de materna constituem uma significativa a??o afirmativa contra a exclus?o e a injusti?a social.

Orientador: Rodrigo Jensen / Resumo: Introdução: Em 2014, a Rede Cegonha divulgou o Manual de Acolhimento e Classificação de Risco em Obstetrícia, a ser adotado em todos os serviços de Urgência/Emergência Obstétrica do país. Em uma realidade onde os avanços na área de saúde andam de mãos dadas com o uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação, torna-se relevante que instrumentos como o Protocolo de Acolhimento e Classificação de Risco estejam disponíveis para uso em dispositivos eletrônicos, integrados ao prontuário eletrônico do paciente, como forma de registro para posterior consulta e reavaliação. Objetivo: Desenvolver e avaliar um sistema de apoio a decisão para acolhimento e classificação de risco em obstetrícia. Método: Estudo metodológico de desenvolvimento e avaliação de sistema informatizado. O desenvolvimento do sistema foi baseado no Manual de Acolhimento e Classificação de Risco em Obstetrícia proposto pelo Ministério da Saúde e no Guia do Conhecimento em Gerenciamento de Projetos (PMBOK®); este foi nomeado Sistema de Acolhimento e Classificação de Risco em Obstetrícia (SACR-O). Foi realizada avaliação de qualidade técnica e usabilidade do sistema, a partir das normas ISO/IEC 25010:2011 e ISO/IEC 25040:2011. Enfermeiras avaliaram a usabilidade, por seis características do sistema, sendo elas: adequação funcional, confiabilidade, usabilidade, eficiência de desempenho, compatibilidade e segurança. Na avaliação de qualidade técnica, especialistas em informática, além destas características, ainda ava... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: In 2014, the Rede Cegonha published the manual of Welcoming and Classification of Risk in Obstetrics (W&CRO), to be adopted in all Obstetric Emergency services in Brazil. In a reality where advances in the health area go hand in hand with the use of information and communication technologies, it becomes relevant that instruments such as the Protocol of W&CRO are available for use in electronic devices, integrated to the medical record electronic form of the patient, as a form of registration for later consultation and reassessment. Objective: To develop and evaluate a decision support system for the W&CRO. Method: Methodological study of development and evaluation of computerized system. The development of the system was based on the manual of W&CRO proposed by the Ministry of Health and in the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®); these was named as Decision Support System for Risk Classification in Obstetrics (SACR-O). The technical quality and usability of the system were evaluated based on the ISO/ IEC 25010: 2011 and ISO/ IEC 25040: 2011 standards. Nurses evaluated the usability, by six characteristics of the system, being: functional suitability, reliability, usability, performance efficiency, compatibility and security. In the evaluation of technical quality, computer specialists, besides these characteristics, still evaluated the portability and maintainability. Characteristics were evaluated in: agree, disagree or not apply. The characteristics... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre